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使用Oracle 11g新特性 Active Database Duplication 搭建Dataguard環境

Duplication Database 介紹 

Duplicate database可以按照用途分為2種:

    duplicate database(複制出一個資料庫)
    duplicate standby database(複制出一個dataguard standby資料庫)

Duplicate Database又可以按照複制資料的來源不同分為2種方式：

    Active Database Duplication(從正在運作的資料庫上複制資料)
    Backup-based duplication(基于備份集的資料複制)

Active Database Duplication 介紹 

Active database duplication功能是從11g開始引入的一個新功能，它是對比以前版本中的基于備份集(Backup-based duplication)的複制資料庫功能。    這種複制資料庫要求源資料庫是open狀态或者mount狀态，複制的過程一定要連接配接到源資料庫，RMAN直接從源庫複制資料庫到Duplication伺服器，這種方式不需要提前備份源庫。

Duplicate Database 特點 

1. 複制的Database會自動配置設定一個新的DBID，與源資料庫的DBID不同，這樣Duplicate資料庫和源庫可以注冊到同一個catalog 資料庫。
如果使用作業系統的指令來做異機複制恢複的話，新建立的資料庫和源庫是相同的DBID。

2. 複制的資料庫可以是源庫的一個完全鏡像，也可以是源庫的一個子集。

3. 複制的資料庫和源庫必須是相同的作業系統平台，我們認為同平台下的32-bit 和 64-bit是同一個平台，例如Linux IA (32-bit) 和Linux IA (64-bit)，認為是相同的平台，可以實施duplicate 功能，但是最後一定要運作下面的腳本來轉換PL/SQL：
ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlirp.sql

Active Database Duplication 和 Backup-based duplication對比 

Backup-based duplication ：需要提前備份資料庫，磁盤空間大小能夠滿足備份的需要。
Active Database Duplication 不需要提前備份，節省了磁盤空間,減少了傳輸備份的時間,但在複制的過程中，對源庫有一定的壓力，需要一定的網絡帶寬

Active Database Duplication 原理 

1. 手動建立一個臨時的pfile檔案，pfile檔案至少包括一個參數DB_NAME，然後啟動到nomount狀态。
2. RMAN從源庫拷貝spfile檔案到複制資料庫上，并且修改spfile的名字。
3. RMAN從源庫拷貝最新的control file到複制資料庫，并且mount 複制資料庫。
4. RMAN從源庫拷貝datafile和必要的歸檔日志到複制資料庫。
5. RMAN執行不完全的恢複。
6. RMAN建立新的control file，并且設定新的DBID。
7. 以RESETLOGS方式打開複制的database。

以上理論知識參考自下列網址：

​​11g 新特性—— Active Database Duplication​​

使用Active Database Duplication搭建步驟

一、要點 

--主庫        
主庫開啟歸檔
主庫開啟force logging
主庫修改dg需要的參數
主庫生成duplicate需要的控制檔案
主庫tns中加入備庫服務名

--備庫
備庫生成一個包含db_name的pfile
拷貝主庫的密碼檔案放置到備庫指定位置并改名
設定監聽為靜态監聽
拷貝主庫上的tns檔案到備庫指定位置
使用tnsping測試主庫備庫之間的連通性
使用pfile啟動備庫到nomount狀态

二、具體操作、

系統說明：

主庫：

IP:172.25.21.111
SID:siebuat

備庫：

IP:172.25.21.222
SID:uatldg      
-----------------------------------------------主庫配置-----------------------------------------------

1、檢視主庫是否開啟歸檔 

SYS@siebuat> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           /oracle/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence     21
Next log sequence to archive   23
Current log sequence           23

2、檢視主庫是否開啟FORCE_LOGGING 

SYS@siebuat> r
  1* SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,LOG_MODE,FORCE_LOGGING FROM V$DATABASE

NAME           OPEN_MODE  DATABASE_ROLE  LOG_MODE              FORCE_
------------------ ---------- -------------- ------------------------ ------
SIEBUAT        READ WRITE PRIMARY         ARCHIVELOG           YES
如果未開啟FORCE_LOGGING，則執行：      
SYS@siebuat> ALTER DATABASE

3、主庫修改dg需要的參數 

--修改主庫spfile初始化參數
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(siebuat,uatldg )';
--log_archive_dest_1已經設定在本地，不需要再設定,隻需要設定log_archive_dest_2
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=uatldg LGWR SYNC AFFIRM valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=uatldg';
--延遲開啟dest_2,等備庫配置好後再enable
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='defer';
--設定standby檔案自動管理
alter system set standby_file_management=auto;
alter system set fal_server='uatldg';
alter system set fal_client='siebuat';

 4、主庫生成duplicate控制檔案需要的參數模闆 

SYS@siebuat> create pfile='/home/oracle/to_standby/duplicate.cmd' from spfile;

File

5、主庫TNSNAMES.ORA中加入備庫服務名 

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SIEBUAT =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.111)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = siebuat)
    )
  )

UATLDG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.222)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = uatldg)
    )
  )

 6、主庫修改duplicate參數檔案 

[oracle@primary ~]$ cat duplicate.cmd      
##在這裡指定主庫與備庫存在不同的參數，可以直接通過主庫生成的pfile來修改
##标紅的參數行都需要存在，其他的如果主庫和備庫一樣，可以不添加(推薦添加上)，
##如audit_trail、compatiable、db_block_size等通常都要保持一樣，不需要更改
##但如果備庫的伺服器配置沒主庫高，如主庫記憶體100G，備庫隻有60G，
##則必須添加sga_target,pga_aggregate_target等參數限制備庫共享記憶體的大小，否則會報記憶體不足      
duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover
spfile
set audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/uatldg/adump'
set audit_trail='db'
set compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
set control_files='/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control01.ctl','/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control02.ctl'
set db_block_size='8192'
set diagnostic_dest='/oracle'
set dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=siebuatXDB)'
set fal_client='uatldg'
set fal_server='siebuat'
set log_archive_config='dg_config=(siebuat,uatldg )'
set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oracle/archivelog'
set log_archive_dest_2='service=siebuat LGWR valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=siebuat'
set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
set open_cursors='300'
set pga_aggregate_target='30M'
set processes='200'
set remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
set sga_target='300M'
set standby_file_management='AUTO'
set undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'      
##下列參數為新增的在主庫中沒有的，對資料檔案、日志檔案的路徑進行轉換，
##尤其在主庫和備庫在同一台機器上時，
##如果不指定，容易造成duplicate時把主庫的線上日志檔案沖掉，造成主庫crash。      
set db_file_name_convert='/oracle/oradata/siebuat/','/oracle/oradata/uatldg/'
set log_file_name_convert='/oracle/oradata/siebuat/','/oracle/oradata/uatldg/'
set db_unique_name='uatldg';      
-----------------------------------------------備庫配置-----------------------------------------------

1、拷貝主庫的密碼檔案、tnsnames.ora檔案 

[oracle@primary to_standby]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwsiebuat [email protected]:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwuatldg 
[email protected]'s password:      
orapwsiebuat 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00

scp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora [email protected]:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/

  [email protected]'s password:

  tnsnames.ora 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　100% 511 0.5KB/s 00:00

2、設定備庫監聽為靜态監聽 

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = uatldg)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = uatldg)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.222)(PORT = 1521))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle      
[oracle@standby admin]$ lsnrctl status for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:24:32

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.25.21.222)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                09-MAR-2016 21:25:24
Uptime                    0 days 15 hr. 59 min. 8 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/standby/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.21.222)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "uatldg" has 1UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

3、使用tnsping測試主庫備庫之間的連通性 

####備庫#########################################################################
[oracle@standby admin]$ hostname 
standby
[oracle@standby admin]$ tnsping siebuatty for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:29:07
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.111)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME =OK (10 msec)

[oracle@standby admin]$ tnsping uatldgfor Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:29:16
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.222)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME =OK (0 msec)

[oracle@standby admin]$ 
####主庫#######################################################################################

[oracle@primary ~]$ hostname

primary

[oracle@primary ~]$ tnsping siebuat

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:30:48      
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.      
Used parameter files:      
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.111)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = siebuat)))

OK (0 msec)

[oracle@primary ~]$ tnsping uatldg

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:30:57      
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.      
Used parameter files:      
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.222)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = uatldg)))

OK (0 msec)

4、備庫建立一個pfile,加入db_name即可，并啟動到nomount 

db_name='uatldg'

5、啟動備庫到nomount模式 

[oracle@standby dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Mar 10 13:38:54 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@uatldg> startup nomount521936896 bytes
Fixed Size            2254824 bytes
Variable Size          209717272 bytes
Database Buffers      306184192 bytes
Redo Buffers            3780608 bytes
SYS@uatldg>

duplicate操作(在主庫上執行) 

[oracle@primary ~]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/passoword@uatldg cmdfile=duplicate.cmd log=standby_create.log      
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Mar 10 13:41:38 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights 
reserved. connected to target database: SIEBUAT (DBID=443676106)
connected to auxiliary database: UATLDG (not mounted)      
RMAN>      
Starting Duplicate Db at 10-MAR-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK

--複制主庫密碼檔案
contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   targetfile  '/oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/orapwsiebuat' auxiliary format 
 '/oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/orapwuatldg'   ;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 10-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=53 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 10-MAR-16

--複制主庫的控制檔案
contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control01.ctl';
   restore clone controlfile to  '/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control02.ctl' from 
 '/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 10-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/snapcf_siebuat.f tag=TAG20160310T134417 RECID=3 STAMP=906126258
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 10-MAR-16

--還原控制檔案到備庫
Starting restore at 10-MAR-16
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 10-MAR-16

--使用還原的控制檔案啟動備庫到mount狀态
contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

--轉換主庫的資料檔案、臨時檔案、undo檔案等到備庫路徑
contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile  1 to 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  2 to 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  3 to 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  4 to 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  5 to 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/example01.dbf";
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile  1 auxiliary format 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/system01.dbf"   datafile 
 2 auxiliary format 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile 
 3 auxiliary format 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile 
 4 auxiliary format 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/users01.dbf"   datafile 
 5 auxiliary format 
 "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/example01.dbf"   ;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';--切換歸檔
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /oracle/oradata/uatldg/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

--進行資料檔案備份并拷貝到備庫
Starting backup at 10-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/system01.dbf
output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/system01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/example01.dbf
output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/example01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/users01.dbf
output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/users01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 10-MAR-16

contents of Memory Script:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=906126342 file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=906126342 file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=906126342 file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=906126342 file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=906126342=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/example01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 10-MAR-16 --duplicate standby database完成

RMAN>

 Dataguard操作

檢視主備庫資訊

--主庫
SYS@siebuat> l
  1* select switchover_status,DATABASE_ROLE,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database
SYS@siebuat> /

SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DATABASE_ROLE   OPEN_MODE    PROTECTION_MODE       PROTECTION_LEVEL
-------------------- --------------- ---------- ------------------------- -------------------------
TO STANDBY         PRIMARY         READ      
--備庫
SYS@uatldg> l
  1* select switchover_status,DATABASE_ROLE,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database
SYS@uatldg> /

SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DATABASE_ROLE      OPEN_MODE  PROTECTION_MODE           PROTECTION_LEVEL
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------------- -------------------------
RECOVERY NEEDED      PHYSICAL STANDBY      MOUNTED    MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE       MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

--開啟備庫日志應用
SYS@uatldg> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

SYS@uatldg> select switchover_status,DATABASE_ROLE,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DATABASE_ROLE      OPEN_MODE  PROTECTION_MODE           PROTECTION_LEVEL
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------------- -------------------------
NOT ALLOWED         PHYSICAL STANDBY      MOUNTED    MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE       MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

　--檢視是否存在gap

  SYS@uatldg> select thread#,low_sequence#,high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;

  no rows selected

--開啟備庫到ADG模式

SYS@uatldg> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

SYS@uatldg> alter database open read only;

Database altered.

SYS@uatldg> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

SYS@uatldg> select switchover_status,DATABASE_ROLE,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL

-------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------------- -------------------------

NOT ALLOWED PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

                             WITH APPLY

SYS@uatldg>

dataguard dg Oracle 資料庫
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