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There are many hosting companies out there, offering different deals and packages. As with any purchase, it pays to do your research before deciding to go with a particular hosting provider.

有很多托管公司在那裡，提供不同的交易和套餐。 與任何購買一樣，在決定與特定的托管服務提供商合作之前，需要進行研究。

One of the dirty little secrets of the hosting business is that the companies are often, in the kindest sense, pyramid schemes. That is, the hosting company that you deal with… typically isn’t.

托管業務的肮髒小秘密之一是，從最善意的意義上講，這些公司通常是金字塔式計劃。 也就是說，您處理的托管公司通常不是。

The “real” hosting companies will almost never deal with small clients (i.e. anyone not a bank, a Fortune 1000 company, or a sub-hosting company). Instead, they will sub–contract the role to smaller hosting companies, who use their facility to host their own clients. In essence, you are likely to be dealing with a “front company”. This is not itself a bad thing, but sometimes it pays to enquire “up the line” to see who is truly hosting whom.

“真正的”托管公司幾乎永遠不會與小客戶打交道(即，非銀行，《财富》 1000強公司或子托管公司的任何人)。 相反，他們會将角色轉包給較小的托管公司，後者使用其設施托管自己的客戶。 本質上，您可能正在與“前線公司”打交道。 這本身并不是一件壞事，但有時需要向“線上咨詢”以了解誰真正托管了誰。

It’s not generally known that many shared hosting companies are owned by a single shell corporation that shares its services with all of them, creating a particularly large, weak and fragile hosting infrastructre.

衆所周知， 許多共享托管公司都由一個單一的空殼公司擁有，該空殼公司與所有共享其服務的公司共享，進而形成了一個特别龐大，脆弱而脆弱的托管基礎​​架構。

在網絡托管公司中什麼不重要？ (What's not important in a web hosting company?)

Customers are always sold services and features they don’t need, and will never use. This is true of web hosting, as it is of every other industry. A few pitfalls to be aware of:

總是向客戶出售他們不需要且永遠不會使用的服務和功能。 網絡托管和其他行業一樣，都是如此。 需要注意的一些陷阱：

It’s immaterial how much server space the hosting provider offers. 托管提供商提供多少伺服器空間并不重要。

Space on a hard drive is cheap — it costs the hosting company less than 10¢ a gigabyte — so it’s common to offer a great deal of space, sometimes to offset the fact that other parts of the service are less than stellar. Unless you are hosting video, multiple PDFs, music, or major Flash pieces, it is extremely doubtful that you'll use over 20 megabytes, even for the largest sites.

硬碟上的空間很便宜-托管公司的成本不到10美分-1GB-是以，提供大量空間是很常見的，有時可以抵消服務的其他部分不足以彌補這一事實。 除非您托管視訊，多個PDF，音樂或主要的Flash片段，否則即使在最大的站點上也要使用20兆位元組，這是非常令人懷疑的。

It doesn’t particularly matter where your hosting company is located. 托管公司的位置并不重要。

In the vast majority of cases, you'll never see your server, or even meet any of the hosting company staff. So it makes no difference where you are hosted. Of course, if most of your expected audience is in North America, it makes sense to have a hosting provider somewhere in the vicinity. Language and time zones are important too — but don't get into a knot if you discover that you’re being hosted in Toronto, rather than Calgary. It really makes no difference.

在大多數情況下，您永遠都不會看到伺服器，甚至也不會遇到托管公司的任何從業人員。 是以，托管位置沒有任何差別。 當然，如果您的大多數預期閱聽人都在北美，那麼在附近某個地方托管服務提供商是有意義的。 語言和時區也很重要-但是如果您發現自己是在多倫多而不是卡爾加裡被托管的話，請不要打擾。 真的沒什麼差別。

選擇網絡托管公司的重要因素是什麼？ (What are important factors in choosing a web hosting company?)

How quick, available and honest are their technical support? 他們的技術支援有多快，可用和誠實？

• Is technical support 24/7? If you have a problem at 5.05 pm or 2am Saturday morning, can you find human support, or will you need to wait until 9am the next business day?

  技術支援是24/7嗎？ 如果您在5.05 pm或周六淩晨2點有問題，是否可以尋求人工支援，還是需要等到下一個工作日上午9點？

• How do you reach technical support? (Never accept “eMail only” support. You need to be able to reach a real live human being — not to be put in a queue, or in automated telephone hell. Ideally you need four numbers: an office number, a fax, a pager, and a cell.)

  您如何獲得技術支援？ ( 永遠不要接受“僅電子郵件”支援。您需要能夠聯系到真實的人-避免排隊或進入自動電話地獄。理想情況下，您需要四個号碼：辦公室号碼，傳真，傳呼機和一個單元格。)

• Is technical support honest? Do they know what they are talking about, or are they script–fed? (As a test, ask them some fairly complex questions to which you already know the answers).

  技術支援是否誠實？ 他們是否知道自己在說什麼，或者是由腳本供稿的？ (作為測試，向他們詢問一些您已經知道答案的相當複雜的問題)。

What are the features of the hosting company? 托管公司的功能是什麼？

PHP and PHP和 MySQL? Do they have “tiers” of service that you can upgrade to? MySQL)提供可擴充性和功能？ 它們是否具有您可以更新到的“服務等級”？

Who has responsibility for backups: you, or the hosting company? 誰負責備份：您還是托管公司？

It’s very likely to be the former. If that’s the case, you need to take backup strategy and storage seriously.

很可能是前者。 在這種情況下，您需要認真考慮備份政策和存儲。

Does the hosting company offer guaranteed uptime? 托管公司是否提供有保證的正常運作時間？

If the hosting provider tells you “We have 99% uptime” that means that your site will be down three days in a year, on average. 99.9% is better — it means one day in three years, or a few hours every other month). What happens if that uptime isn’t maintained? How are you compensated, if at all?

如果托管服務提供商告訴您“我們的正常運作時間為99％”，則意味着您的網站平均每年将關閉三天。 99.9％更好-這意味着三年中有一天，或者每隔一個月幾個小時。 如果不維持正常運作時間會怎樣？ 您将如何獲得補償？

What are the prices? 價格多少？

Obviously, prices charged for hosting will vary based on location, competition, features, service and other factors. As a rough ballpark figure, a decent hosting company will run you $12 – $20 a month for hosting. It’s always possible to find cheaper alternatives, but as always, you get what you pay for.

顯然，托管費用根據地點，競争，功能，服務和其他因素而有所不同。 粗略估計，一家不錯的托管公司将為您每月提供12至20美元的托管服務。 總是有可能找到更便宜的替代品，但一如既往，您所付的錢就可以得到。

尋找托管的中型企業的問題 (Questions for medium sized businesses looking for hosting)

What is the hosting centre like? 托管中心是什麼樣的？

• do they have decent security? (a surprising number of sites go “offline” because the servers are literally lifted out of the server bays). How many people have access to the server room? What form does the security take? (Keycard, biometric scanner, keypad, etc) Can you get access to the server room (the good hosting companies won’t — you might be able to see the server racks through a bullet–proof window, but that’s about it). If you are allowed in, how is that monitored? Do you have an escort when you do so? When is that escort available? (Questions for the extra-paranoid: Are there cameras? Where is the feed from the cameras stored? How often are the video tapes from the cameras changed, or hard-drive records wiped?)

  他們有體面的安全感嗎？ (因為伺服器實際上是從伺服器托架中提出的，是以有很多站點“脫機”)。 有多少人可以使用伺服器機房？ 安全采取什麼形式？ (鑰匙卡，生物識别掃描器，鍵盤等)您可以進入伺服器機房嗎(好的托管公司不會—您可能能夠通過防彈窗看到伺服器機架，僅此而已)。 如果您被允許進入，如何對其進行監控？ 您有陪同人員嗎？ 該護衛何時開放？ (對于偏執狂的問題：是否有錄影機？錄影機的提要存儲在哪裡？錄影機的錄像帶多久更換一次，或擦除硬碟記錄？)

• how is power supplied to the server room? What backups are in place? In the case of a blackout, what is the uptime of the servers?

  如何為伺服器機房供電？ 有哪些備份？ 在停電的情況下，伺服器的正常運作時間是多少？

• In the event of a fire, how is extinguished? (If it has a standard sprinkler system, every unit in the server room is going to fry; if it’s hadron–based, anyone in the server room without an oxygen mask is going to die before any fire would reach them).

  發生火災時，如何撲滅？ (如果它具有标準的噴水滅火系統，則伺服器機房中的每個單元都将被炸；如果是基于強子油的，則伺服器機房中任何沒有氧氣面罩的人都将在死亡之前死亡。)

• Don’t believe anyone's claims about how secure the hosting facility is without seeing it yourself. Your basic assumption — unless you trust your contact in the company implicitly — is that the hosting company is running out of a broom closet in New Delhi.

  不要相信任何人對托管設施的安全性的聲稱，而自己卻沒有看到它。 您的基本假設(除非您暗中信任您與公司的聯系)是，托管公司的新德裡用完了掃帚壁櫥。

What is the connection like? 連接配接是什麼樣的？

• how many web sites are hosted per server? The more sites on a hard drive, the slower each page will be loaded, as the hard–drive head will be skipping back and forth constantly loading different pages from different sites. Faster hard drives will alleviate this to some degree, as will RAID–striping them. Caching page content in RAM or SSD is the best solution).

  每台伺服器托管多少個網站？ 硬碟驅動器上的站點越多，每個頁面的加載速度就越慢，因為硬碟驅動器磁頭會不斷地來回跳轉，進而不斷地加載來自不同站點的不同頁面。 更快的硬碟驅動器和RAID分割它們會在一定程度上緩解這種情況。 在RAM或SSD中緩存頁面内容是最好的解決方案。

• How many servers are there in the facility? (the more servers that share the bandwidth, the slower the average speed).

  設施中有多少台伺服器？ (共享帶寬的伺服器越多，平均速度越慢)。

• What is the connection into the facility itself?

  與設施本身的連接配接是什麼？

What are the bandwidth limits or overcharges? 帶寬限制或過度收費是什麼？

Hosting companies typically charge for an expected amount of traffic on your site, typically 1GB per month or higher. That is, if each page on your site is 100K in size, and there are 10 pages, a visitor looking at the site (and visiting every page) would download 1MB of traffic. 1000 other people doing the same thing over the course of a month would be 1GB of traffic. Note that what you pay is a standard charge, whether 1 or 1000 people visit your site. If you have more than 1GB of traffic to your site, the web hosting company will often begin overcharges for each extra megabyte downloaded, and these charges can be high. A typical website will not encounter that amount of traffic, but it is possible, if your site becomes suddenly popular (via a social site such as Digg or Slashdot) or if you are offering very large files for download.

托管公司通常會為您網站上的預期流量收取費用，通常為每月1GB或更高。 也就是說，如果您站點上的每個頁面大小為100K，并且有10頁，那麼通路該站點(并通路每個頁面)的通路者将下載下傳1MB的流量。 一個月内有1000位其他使用者在做同一件事，則将産生1GB的流量。 請注意，無論是1或1000人通路您的網站，您都需要支付标準費用。 如果您的網站流量超過1GB，則網絡托管公司通常會為下載下傳的每多1兆位元組收取超額費用，這些費用可能很高。 一個典型的網站不會遇到那麼多的通路量，但是有可能，如果您的網站突然變得流行(通過諸如Digg或Slashdot之類的社交網站)，或者您提供的下載下傳檔案非常大。

Is the hosting company geographically diverse? 托管公司的地理位置是否多樣化？

MAE on that coast goes down) where your website can be moved from one location to another. MAE下降)，可以在其中将您的網站從一個位置移動到另一個位置，在不同區域中具有托管位置是一個好處。

firstsiteguide.com also has an excellent five-part guide to small business web site hosting.

firstsiteguide.com還提供了有關小型企業網站托管的出色的五部分指南 。

翻譯自: https://thenewcode.com/147/Choosing-a-Hosting-Provider

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