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SpringBoot之——動态資料源(多資料源自動切換)

本文實作案例場景:

某系統除了需要從自己的主要資料庫上讀取和管理資料外,還有一部分業務涉及到其他多個資料庫,要求可以在任何方法上可以靈活指定具體要操作的資料庫。

為了在開發中以最簡單的方法使用,本文基于注解和AOP的方法實作,在spring boot架構的項目中,添加本文實作的代碼類後,隻需要配置好資料源就可以直接通過注解使用,簡單友善。

一配置二使用

1. 啟動類注冊動态資料源

2. 配置檔案中配置多個資料源

3. 在需要的方法上使用注解指定資料源

1、在啟動類添加 @Import({DynamicDataSourceRegister.class, MProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class})

@SpringBootApplication
@Import({DynamicDataSourceRegister.class}) // 注冊動态多資料源
public class SpringBootSampleApplication {

    // 省略其他代碼
}      

2、配置檔案配置内容為:

(不包括項目中的其他配置,這裡隻是資料源相關的)

# 主資料源,預設的
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456

# 更多資料源
custom.datasource.names=ds1,ds2
custom.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
custom.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1
custom.datasource.ds1.username=root
custom.datasource.ds1.password=123456

custom.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
custom.datasource.ds2.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test2
custom.datasource.ds2.username=root
custom.datasource.ds2.password=123456      

3、使用方法

package org.springboot.sample.service;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import org.springboot.sample.datasource.TargetDataSource;
import org.springboot.sample.entity.Student;
import org.springboot.sample.mapper.StudentMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Student Service
 * @author   liuyazhuang
 */
@Service
public class StudentService {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    // MyBatis的Mapper方法定義接口
    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @TargetDataSource(name="ds2")
    public List<Student> likeName(String name){
        return studentMapper.likeName(name);
    }

    public List<Student> likeNameByDefaultDataSource(String name){
        return studentMapper.likeName(name);
    }

    /**
     * 不指定資料源使用預設資料源
     */
    public List<Student> getList(){
        String sql = "SELECT ID,NAME,SCORE_SUM,SCORE_AVG, AGE   FROM STUDENT";
        return (List<Student>) jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Student>(){

            @Override
            public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
                Student stu = new Student();
                stu.setId(rs.getInt("ID"));
                stu.setAge(rs.getInt("AGE"));
                stu.setName(rs.getString("NAME"));
                stu.setSumScore(rs.getString("SCORE_SUM"));
                stu.setAvgScore(rs.getString("SCORE_AVG"));
                return stu;
            }

        });
    }

    /**
     * 指定資料源
     */
    @TargetDataSource(name="ds1")
    public List<Student> getListByDs1(){
        String sql = "SELECT ID,NAME,SCORE_SUM,SCORE_AVG, AGE   FROM STUDENT";
        return (List<Student>) jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Student>(){

            @Override
            public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
                Student stu = new Student();
                stu.setId(rs.getInt("ID"));
                stu.setAge(rs.getInt("AGE"));
                stu.setName(rs.getString("NAME"));
                stu.setSumScore(rs.getString("SCORE_SUM"));
                stu.setAvgScore(rs.getString("SCORE_AVG"));
                return stu;
            }

        });
    }

    /**
     * 指定資料源
     */
    @TargetDataSource(name="ds2")
    public List<Student> getListByDs2(){
        String sql = "SELECT ID,NAME,SCORE_SUM,SCORE_AVG, AGE   FROM STUDENT";
        return (List<Student>) jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Student>(){

            @Override
            public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
                Student stu = new Student();
                stu.setId(rs.getInt("ID"));
                stu.setAge(rs.getInt("AGE"));
                stu.setName(rs.getString("NAME"));
                stu.setSumScore(rs.getString("SCORE_SUM"));
                stu.setAvgScore(rs.getString("SCORE_AVG"));
                return stu;
            }

        });
    }
}      

要注意的是,在使用MyBatis時,注解@TargetDataSource 不能直接在接口類Mapper上使用。

按上面的代碼中StudentMapper為接口,代碼如下:

package org.springboot.sample.mapper;

import java.util.List;

import org.springboot.sample.entity.Student;

/**
 * StudentMapper,映射SQL語句的接口,無邏輯實作
 *
 * @author liuyazhuang
 */
public interface StudentMapper {

    // 注解 @TargetDataSource 不可以在這裡使用
    List<Student> likeName(String name);

    Student getById(int id);

    String getNameById(int id);

}      

請将下面幾個類放到Spring Boot項目中。

DynamicDataSource.java

DynamicDataSourceAspect.java

DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.java

DynamicDataSourceRegister.java

TargetDataSource.java

package org.springboot.sample.datasource;

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;

/**
 * 動态資料源
 * @author   liuyazhuang
 */
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        return DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceType();
    }

}      
package org.springboot.sample.datasource;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 切換資料源Advice
 * @author liuyazhuang
 */
@Aspect
@Order(-1)// 保證該AOP在@Transactional之前執行
@Component
public class DynamicDataSourceAspect {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSourceAspect.class);

    @Before("@annotation(ds)")
    public void changeDataSource(JoinPoint point, TargetDataSource ds) throws Throwable {
        String dsId = ds.name();
        if (!DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.containsDataSource(dsId)) {
            logger.error("資料源[{}]不存在,使用預設資料源 > {}", ds.name(), point.getSignature());
        } else {
            logger.debug("Use DataSource : {} > {}", ds.name(), point.getSignature());
            DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.setDataSourceType(ds.name());
        }
    }

    @After("@annotation(ds)")
    public void restoreDataSource(JoinPoint point, TargetDataSource ds) {
        logger.debug("Revert DataSource : {} > {}", ds.name(), point.getSignature());
        DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.clearDataSourceType();
    }

}      
package org.springboot.sample.datasource;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class DynamicDataSourceContextHolder {

    private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<String>();
    public static List<String> dataSourceIds = new ArrayList<>();

    public static void setDataSourceType(String dataSourceType) {
        contextHolder.set(dataSourceType);
    }

    public static String getDataSourceType() {
        return contextHolder.get();
    }

    public static void clearDataSourceType() {
        contextHolder.remove();
    }

    /**
     * 判斷指定DataSrouce目前是否存在
     *
     * @param dataSourceId
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean containsDataSource(String dataSourceId){
        return dataSourceIds.contains(dataSourceId);
    }
}      
package org.springboot.sample.datasource;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.MutablePropertyValues;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.GenericBeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.bind.RelaxedDataBinder;
import org.springframework.boot.bind.RelaxedPropertyResolver;
import org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar;
import org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionService;
import org.springframework.core.convert.support.DefaultConversionService;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;

/**
 * 動态資料源注冊<br/>
 * 啟動動态資料源請在啟動類中(如SpringBootSampleApplication)
 * 添加 @Import(DynamicDataSourceRegister.class)
 *
 * @author liuyazhuang
 */
public class DynamicDataSourceRegister
        implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, EnvironmentAware {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSourceRegister.class);

    private ConversionService conversionService = new DefaultConversionService(); 
    private PropertyValues dataSourcePropertyValues;

    // 如配置檔案中未指定資料源類型,使用該預設值
    private static final Object DATASOURCE_TYPE_DEFAULT = "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource";
    // private static final Object DATASOURCE_TYPE_DEFAULT =
    // "com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource";

    // 資料源
    private DataSource defaultDataSource;
    private Map<String, DataSource> customDataSources = new HashMap<>();

    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<Object, Object>();
        // 将主資料源添加到更多資料源中
        targetDataSources.put("dataSource", defaultDataSource);
        DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.dataSourceIds.add("dataSource");
        // 添加更多資料源
        targetDataSources.putAll(customDataSources);
        for (String key : customDataSources.keySet()) {
            DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.dataSourceIds.add(key);
        }

        // 建立DynamicDataSource
        GenericBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
        beanDefinition.setBeanClass(DynamicDataSource.class);
        beanDefinition.setSynthetic(true);
        MutablePropertyValues mpv = beanDefinition.getPropertyValues();
        mpv.addPropertyValue("defaultTargetDataSource", defaultDataSource);
        mpv.addPropertyValue("targetDataSources", targetDataSources);
        registry.registerBeanDefinition("dataSource", beanDefinition);

        logger.info("Dynamic DataSource Registry");
    }

    /**
     * 建立DataSource
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public DataSource buildDataSource(Map<String, Object> dsMap) {
        try {
            Object type = dsMap.get("type");
            if (type == null)
                type = DATASOURCE_TYPE_DEFAULT;// 預設DataSource

            Class<? extends DataSource> dataSourceType;
            dataSourceType = (Class<? extends DataSource>) Class.forName((String) type);

            String driverClassName = dsMap.get("driver-class-name").toString();
            String url = dsMap.get("url").toString();
            String username = dsMap.get("username").toString();
            String password = dsMap.get("password").toString();

            DataSourceBuilder factory = DataSourceBuilder.create().driverClassName(driverClassName).url(url)
                    .username(username).password(password).type(dataSourceType);
            return factory.build();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 加載多資料源配置
     */
    @Override
    public void setEnvironment(Environment env) {
        initDefaultDataSource(env);
        initCustomDataSources(env);
    }

    /**
     * 初始化主資料源
     */
    private void initDefaultDataSource(Environment env) {
        // 讀取主資料源
        RelaxedPropertyResolver propertyResolver = new RelaxedPropertyResolver(env, "spring.datasource.");
        Map<String, Object> dsMap = new HashMap<>();
        dsMap.put("type", propertyResolver.getProperty("type"));
        dsMap.put("driver-class-name", propertyResolver.getProperty("driver-class-name"));
        dsMap.put("url", propertyResolver.getProperty("url"));
        dsMap.put("username", propertyResolver.getProperty("username"));
        dsMap.put("password", propertyResolver.getProperty("password"));

        defaultDataSource = buildDataSource(dsMap);

        dataBinder(defaultDataSource, env);
    }

    /**
     * 為DataSource綁定更多資料
     */
    private void dataBinder(DataSource dataSource, Environment env){
        RelaxedDataBinder dataBinder = new RelaxedDataBinder(dataSource);
        //dataBinder.setValidator(new LocalValidatorFactory().run(this.applicationContext));
        dataBinder.setConversionService(conversionService);
        dataBinder.setIgnoreNestedProperties(false);//false
        dataBinder.setIgnoreInvalidFields(false);//false
        dataBinder.setIgnoreUnknownFields(true);//true
        if(dataSourcePropertyValues == null){
            Map<String, Object> rpr = new RelaxedPropertyResolver(env, "spring.datasource").getSubProperties(".");
            Map<String, Object> values = new HashMap<>(rpr);
            // 排除已經設定的屬性
            values.remove("type");
            values.remove("driver-class-name");
            values.remove("url");
            values.remove("username");
            values.remove("password");
            dataSourcePropertyValues = new MutablePropertyValues(values);
        }
        dataBinder.bind(dataSourcePropertyValues);
    }

    /**
     * 初始化更多資料源
     */
    private void initCustomDataSources(Environment env) {
        // 讀取配置檔案擷取更多資料源,也可以通過defaultDataSource讀取資料庫擷取更多資料源
        RelaxedPropertyResolver propertyResolver = new RelaxedPropertyResolver(env, "custom.datasource.");
        String dsPrefixs = propertyResolver.getProperty("names");
        for (String dsPrefix : dsPrefixs.split(",")) {// 多個資料源
            Map<String, Object> dsMap = propertyResolver.getSubProperties(dsPrefix + ".");
            DataSource ds = buildDataSource(dsMap);
            customDataSources.put(dsPrefix, ds);
            dataBinder(ds, env);
        }
    }

}      
package org.springboot.sample.datasource;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * 在方法上使用,用于指定使用哪個資料源
 *
 * @author liuyazhuang
 */
@Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface TargetDataSource {
    String name();
}      

本文代碼部落客是經過測試後沒有問題才發出來共享給大家的。對于連接配接池參數配置會應用到所有資料源上。

比如配置一個:

spring.datasource.maximum-pool-size=80      

那麼我們所有的資料源都會自動應用上。

補充:

如果你使用的是SpringMVC,并內建了Shiro,一般按網上的配置你可能是:

<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator" depends-on="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor">
    <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true" />
</bean>

<bean class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor">
    <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
</bean>      
<!-- AOP式方法級權限檢查  -->
<!-- 不要使用 DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator 會出現二次代理的問題,這裡不詳述。 mark by shanhy 2016-05-15 -->
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true"/>
<!-- 或者你使用了 <aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" /> 也可以。 -->

<bean class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor">
    <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
</bean>