這個系列的目的是通過對OpenCV示例,進一步了解OpenCV函數的使用,不涉及具體原理。
目錄 簡介 Example運作截圖 Example分析 Example代碼
簡介
本文記錄了對OpenCV示例 grabcut .cpp 的分析。 資料位址: http://docs.opencv.org/3.0.0/de/dd0/grabcut_8cpp-example.html
這個示例主要示範了如何使用 grabcut對圖像進行分割。
示例涉及到
setMouseCallback, onMouse, grabCut等函數 具體如下:
setMouseCallback 為視窗建立滑鼠回調事件。 函數原型: void setMousecallback( const string& winname, MouseCallback onMouse, void * userdata=0) 函數參數說明: winname:視窗的名字 onMouse:滑鼠響應函數,回調函數。指定視窗裡每次滑鼠時間發生的時候,被調用的函數 指針。 這個函數的原型應該為: void on_Mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags, void * param); userdate:傳給回調函數的參數 |
MouseCallback onMouse 滑鼠回調函數,響應滑鼠消息(如滑鼠移動,滑鼠左鍵按下,左鍵擡起等)。 函數原型: void on_Mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param); 函數參數說明: event:CV_EVENT_*變量之一 x,y:滑鼠指針在圖像坐标系的坐标(不是視窗坐标系) flags:CV_EVENT_FLAG的組合 param:使用者定義的傳遞到setMouseCallback函數調用的參數。 常用的event: #defineCV_EVENT_MOUSEMOVE #defineCV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN #defineCV_EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN #defineCV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP #defineCV_EVENT_RBUTTONUP 和标志位flags有關的: #defineCV_EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON 注意: flags & CV_EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON 的意思是 提取flags的CV_EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON 标志位,!()的意思是 标志位無效 例如 if (event == EVENT_MOUSEMOVE && (flags&EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON)) ,表示滑鼠移動且左鍵按下 |
grabCut OpenCV中grabcut函數基于《"GrabCut" - Interactive Foreground Extraction using Iterated Graph Cuts》這篇文章來實作的。該算法利用了圖像中的紋理(顔色)資訊和邊界(反差)資訊,隻要少量的使用者互動操作即可得到比較好的分割結果。如果前景和背景之間的顔色反差不大,分割的效果不好;不過,這種情況下允許手工标記一些前景或背景區域,這樣能得到較好的結果。 以上關于 grabcut算法背景介紹摘抄至參考資料2.《學習OpenCV——學習grabcut算法》 函數原型: void cv::grabCut( const Mat& img, Mat& mask, Rect rect, Mat& bgdModel, Mat& fgdModel, int iterCount, int mode ) 函數參數說明: img:待分割的源圖像,必須是8位3通道(CV_8UC3)圖像,在處理的過程中不會被修改; mask:掩碼圖像,如果使用掩碼進行初始化,那麼mask儲存初始化掩碼資訊;在執行分割 的時候,也可以将使用者互動所設定的前景與背景儲存到mask中,然後再傳入grabCu t函數;在處理結束之後,mask中會儲存結果。mask隻能取以下四種值: GCD_BGD(=0),背景; GCD_FGD(=1),前景; GCD_PR_BGD(=2),可能的背景; GCD_PR_FGD(=3),可能的前景。 如果沒有手工标記GCD_BGD或者GCD_FGD,那麼結果隻會有GCD_PR_BGD或GCD_ PR_FGD; rect:用于限定需要進行分割的圖像範圍,隻有該矩形視窗内的圖像部分才被處理; bgdModel:背景模型,如果為null,函數内部會自動建立一個bgdModel;bgdModel必 須是單通道浮點型(CV_32FC1)圖像,且行數隻能為1,列數隻能為13x5; fgdModel:前景模型,如果為null,函數内部會自動建立一個fgdModel;fgdModel必須 是單通道浮點型(CV_32FC1)圖像,且行數隻能為1,列數隻能為13x5; iterCount:疊代次數,必須大于0; mode:用于訓示grabCut函數進行什麼操作,可選的值有: GC_INIT_WITH_RECT(=0),用矩形窗初始化GrabCut; GC_INIT_WITH_MASK(=1),用掩碼圖像初始化GrabCut; GC_EVAL(=2),執行分割。 |
Example截圖
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Example分析 1.主函數 1.1從指令行參數加載圖像 if( argc!=2 ) { help(); return 1; } string filename = argv[1]; if( filename.empty() ) { cout << "\nDurn, couldn't read in " << argv[1] << endl; return 1; } Mat image = imread( filename, 1 ); if( image.empty() ) { cout << "\n Durn, couldn't read image filename " << filename << endl; return 1; }
1.2建立預覽視窗 const string winName = "image"; //namedWindow( winName, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE ); namedWindow( winName, WINDOW_NORMAL );
注意: (1)這一次的預覽視窗還支援使用滑鼠繪圖。
1.3設定滑鼠回調 setMouseCallback( winName, on_mouse, 0 );
1.4為 GCApplication對象gcapp設定參數 gcapp.setImageAndWinName( image, winName ); gcapp.showImage();
注意: (1)實際上示例中幾乎所有grabcut極其相關的人機互動操作(滑鼠/鍵盤)都是在 GCApplication類完成。
1.5通過鍵盤錄入修改參數 for(;;) { int c = waitKey(0); switch( (char) c ) { case '\x1b': cout << "Exiting ..." << endl; goto exit_main; case 'r': cout << endl; gcapp.reset(); gcapp.showImage(); break; case 'n': int iterCount = gcapp.getIterCount(); cout << "<" << iterCount << "... "; int newIterCount = gcapp.nextIter(); if( newIterCount > iterCount ) { gcapp.showImage(); cout << iterCount << ">" << endl; } else cout << "rect must be determined>" << endl; break; } }
注意: (1)Esc: 退出 (2)r:傳回原圖 (3)n:根據設定調用grabcut
1.6釋放視窗 destroyWindow( winName );
2.具體分析示例最重要的GCApplication 2.1初始化所有參數至調用grabcut前 reset
2.2設定圖像和預覽視窗 setImageAndWinName
2.2顯示預覽圖 showImage
2.3滑鼠響應事件,用于人機互動設定grabcut,rect位置 mouseClick
2.4調用grabcut nextIter
2.5傳回處理次數 getIterCount
Example代碼
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
static void help()
{
cout << "\nThis program demonstrates GrabCut segmentation -- select an object in a region\n"
"and then grabcut will attempt to segment it out.\n"
"Call:\n"
"./grabcut <image_name>\n"
"\nSelect a rectangular area around the object you want to segment\n" <<
"\nHot keys: \n"
"\tESC - quit the program\n"
"\tr - restore the original image\n"
"\tn - next iteration\n"
"\n"
"\tleft mouse button - set rectangle\n"
"\n"
"\tCTRL+left mouse button - set GC_BGD pixels\n"
"\tSHIFT+left mouse button - set GC_FGD pixels\n"
"\n"
"\tCTRL+right mouse button - set GC_PR_BGD pixels\n"
"\tSHIFT+right mouse button - set GC_PR_FGD pixels\n" << endl;
}
const Scalar RED = Scalar(0,0,255);
const Scalar PINK = Scalar(230,130,255);
const Scalar BLUE = Scalar(255,0,0);
const Scalar LIGHTBLUE = Scalar(255,255,160);
const Scalar GREEN = Scalar(0,255,0);
const int BGD_KEY = EVENT_FLAG_CTRLKEY;
const int FGD_KEY = EVENT_FLAG_SHIFTKEY;
static void getBinMask( const Mat& comMask, Mat& binMask )
{
if( comMask.empty() || comMask.type()!=CV_8UC1 )
CV_Error( Error::StsBadArg, "comMask is empty or has incorrect type (not CV_8UC1)" );
if( binMask.empty() || binMask.rows!=comMask.rows || binMask.cols!=comMask.cols )
binMask.create( comMask.size(), CV_8UC1 );
binMask = comMask & 1;
}
class GCApplication
{
public:
enum{ NOT_SET = 0, IN_PROCESS = 1, SET = 2 };
static const int radius = 2;
static const int thickness = -1;
void reset();
void setImageAndWinName( const Mat& _image, const string& _winName );
void showImage() const;
void mouseClick( int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param );
int nextIter();
int getIterCount() const { return iterCount; }
private:
void setRectInMask();
void setLblsInMask( int flags, Point p, bool isPr );
const string* winName;
const Mat* image;
Mat mask;
Mat bgdModel, fgdModel;
uchar rectState, lblsState, prLblsState;
bool isInitialized;
Rect rect;
vector<Point> fgdPxls, bgdPxls, prFgdPxls, prBgdPxls;
int iterCount;
};
void GCApplication::reset()
{
if( !mask.empty() )
mask.setTo(Scalar::all(GC_BGD));
bgdPxls.clear(); fgdPxls.clear();
prBgdPxls.clear(); prFgdPxls.clear();
isInitialized = false;
rectState = NOT_SET;
lblsState = NOT_SET;
prLblsState = NOT_SET;
iterCount = 0;
}
void GCApplication::setImageAndWinName( const Mat& _image, const string& _winName )
{
if( _image.empty() || _winName.empty() )
return;
image = &_image;
winName = &_winName;
mask.create( image->size(), CV_8UC1);
reset();
}
void GCApplication::showImage() const
{
if( image->empty() || winName->empty() )
return;
Mat res;
Mat binMask;
if( !isInitialized )
image->copyTo( res );
else
{
getBinMask( mask, binMask );
image->copyTo( res, binMask );
}
vector<Point>::const_iterator it;
for( it = bgdPxls.begin(); it != bgdPxls.end(); ++it )
circle( res, *it, radius, BLUE, thickness );
for( it = fgdPxls.begin(); it != fgdPxls.end(); ++it )
circle( res, *it, radius, RED, thickness );
for( it = prBgdPxls.begin(); it != prBgdPxls.end(); ++it )
circle( res, *it, radius, LIGHTBLUE, thickness );
for( it = prFgdPxls.begin(); it != prFgdPxls.end(); ++it )
circle( res, *it, radius, PINK, thickness );
if( rectState == IN_PROCESS || rectState == SET )
rectangle( res, Point( rect.x, rect.y ), Point(rect.x + rect.width, rect.y + rect.height ), GREEN, 2);
imshow( *winName, res );
}
void GCApplication::setRectInMask()
{
CV_Assert( !mask.empty() );
mask.setTo( GC_BGD );
rect.x = max(0, rect.x);
rect.y = max(0, rect.y);
rect.width = min(rect.width, image->cols-rect.x);
rect.height = min(rect.height, image->rows-rect.y);
(mask(rect)).setTo( Scalar(GC_PR_FGD) );
}
void GCApplication::setLblsInMask( int flags, Point p, bool isPr )
{
vector<Point> *bpxls, *fpxls;
uchar bvalue, fvalue;
if( !isPr )
{
bpxls = &bgdPxls;
fpxls = &fgdPxls;
bvalue = GC_BGD;
fvalue = GC_FGD;
}
else
{
bpxls = &prBgdPxls;
fpxls = &prFgdPxls;
bvalue = GC_PR_BGD;
fvalue = GC_PR_FGD;
}
if( flags & BGD_KEY )
{
bpxls->push_back(p);
circle( mask, p, radius, bvalue, thickness );
}
if( flags & FGD_KEY )
{
fpxls->push_back(p);
circle( mask, p, radius, fvalue, thickness );
}
}
void GCApplication::mouseClick( int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* )
{
// TODO add bad args check
switch( event )
{
case EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN: // set rect or GC_BGD(GC_FGD) labels
{
bool isb = (flags & BGD_KEY) != 0,
isf = (flags & FGD_KEY) != 0;
if( rectState == NOT_SET && !isb && !isf )
{
rectState = IN_PROCESS;
rect = Rect( x, y, 1, 1 );
}
if ( (isb || isf) && rectState == SET )
lblsState = IN_PROCESS;
}
break;
case EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN: // set GC_PR_BGD(GC_PR_FGD) labels
{
bool isb = (flags & BGD_KEY) != 0,
isf = (flags & FGD_KEY) != 0;
if ( (isb || isf) && rectState == SET )
prLblsState = IN_PROCESS;
}
break;
case EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
if( rectState == IN_PROCESS )
{
rect = Rect( Point(rect.x, rect.y), Point(x,y) );
rectState = SET;
setRectInMask();
CV_Assert( bgdPxls.empty() && fgdPxls.empty() && prBgdPxls.empty() && prFgdPxls.empty() );
showImage();
}
if( lblsState == IN_PROCESS )
{
setLblsInMask(flags, Point(x,y), false);
lblsState = SET;
showImage();
}
break;
case EVENT_RBUTTONUP:
if( prLblsState == IN_PROCESS )
{
setLblsInMask(flags, Point(x,y), true);
prLblsState = SET;
showImage();
}
break;
case EVENT_MOUSEMOVE:
if( rectState == IN_PROCESS )
{
rect = Rect( Point(rect.x, rect.y), Point(x,y) );
CV_Assert( bgdPxls.empty() && fgdPxls.empty() && prBgdPxls.empty() && prFgdPxls.empty() );
showImage();
}
else if( lblsState == IN_PROCESS )
{
setLblsInMask(flags, Point(x,y), false);
showImage();
}
else if( prLblsState == IN_PROCESS )
{
setLblsInMask(flags, Point(x,y), true);
showImage();
}
break;
}
}
int GCApplication::nextIter()
{
if( isInitialized )
grabCut( *image, mask, rect, bgdModel, fgdModel, 1 );
else
{
if( rectState != SET )
return iterCount;
if( lblsState == SET || prLblsState == SET )
grabCut( *image, mask, rect, bgdModel, fgdModel, 1, GC_INIT_WITH_MASK );
else
grabCut( *image, mask, rect, bgdModel, fgdModel, 1, GC_INIT_WITH_RECT );
isInitialized = true;
}
iterCount++;
bgdPxls.clear(); fgdPxls.clear();
prBgdPxls.clear(); prFgdPxls.clear();
return iterCount;
}
GCApplication gcapp;
static void on_mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param )
{
gcapp.mouseClick( event, x, y, flags, param );
}
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
if( argc!=2 )
{
help();
return 1;
}
string filename = argv[1];
if( filename.empty() )
{
cout << "\nDurn, couldn't read in " << argv[1] << endl;
return 1;
}
Mat image = imread( filename, 1 );
if( image.empty() )
{
cout << "\n Durn, couldn't read image filename " << filename << endl;
return 1;
}
help();
const string winName = "image";
namedWindow( winName, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
setMouseCallback( winName, on_mouse, 0 );
gcapp.setImageAndWinName( image, winName );
gcapp.showImage();
for(;;)
{
int c = waitKey(0);
switch( (char) c )
{
case '\x1b':
cout << "Exiting ..." << endl;
goto exit_main;
case 'r':
cout << endl;
gcapp.reset();
gcapp.showImage();
break;
case 'n':
int iterCount = gcapp.getIterCount();
cout << "<" << iterCount << "... ";
int newIterCount = gcapp.nextIter();
if( newIterCount > iterCount )
{
gcapp.showImage();
cout << iterCount << ">" << endl;
}
else
cout << "rect must be determined>" << endl;
break;
}
}
exit_main:
destroyWindow( winName );
return 0;
}
參考資料: 1.《 【OpenCV】 GrabCut.cpp詳解》 2.《 學習OpenCV——學習grabcut算法 》 3.《 Opencv之滑鼠響應setMouseCallback()的用法 》