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《SpringCloud Alibaba 微服務架構》專題(二十二)-Seat處理分布式問題

1.業務需求

随着業務需求的變化,單體應用被拆分成微服務應用,原來的三個子產品被拆分成三個獨立的應用,分别使用獨立的資料源,業務操作需要調用三個服務來完成。此時每個服務内部的資料一緻性由本地事務來保證,但是全局的資料一緻性問題沒法保證。

制造一個分布式事務問題

這裡我們會建立三個服務,一個訂單服務,一個庫存服務,一個賬戶服務。當使用者下單時,會在訂單服務中建立一個訂單,然後通過遠端調用庫存服務來扣減下單商品的庫存,再通過遠端調用賬戶服務來扣減使用者賬戶裡面的餘額,最後在訂單服務中修改訂單狀态為已完成。該操作跨越三個資料庫,有兩次遠端調用,很明顯會有分布式事務問題。

《SpringCloud Alibaba 微服務架構》專題(二十二)-Seat處理分布式問題

2.資料庫準備

2.1.建立業務資料庫

seata_order:存儲訂單的資料庫;
seata_storage:存儲庫存的資料庫;
seata_account:存儲賬戶資訊的資料庫。      

2.2.初始化業務表

order表

CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
  `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '使用者id',
  `product_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '産品id',
  `count` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '數量',
  `money` decimal(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '金額',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

ALTER TABLE `seata-order`.`order` ADD COLUMN `status` int(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '訂單狀态:0:建立中;1:已完結' AFTER `money` ;      

storage表

CREATE TABLE `t_storage` (
                         `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
                         `product_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '産品id',
                         `total` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '總庫存',
                         `used` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用庫存',
                         `residue` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩餘庫存',
                         PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `seata-storage`.`storage` (`id`, `product_id`, `total`, `used`, `residue`) VALUES ('1', '1', '100', '0', '100');      

account表

CREATE TABLE `t_account` (
  `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',
  `user_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '使用者id',
  `total` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '總額度',
  `used` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用餘額',
  `residue` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '剩餘可用額度',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `seata-account`.`account` (`id`, `user_id`, `total`, `used`, `residue`) VALUES ('1', '1', '1000', '0', '1000');      

建立日志復原表

使用Seata還需要在每個資料庫中建立日志表,建表sql在​

​seata-server的/conf/db_undo_log.sql​

​​中。

《SpringCloud Alibaba 微服務架構》專題(二十二)-Seat處理分布式問題

完整資料庫示意圖

《SpringCloud Alibaba 微服務架構》專題(二十二)-Seat處理分布式問題

3.用戶端配置

對seata-order-service、seata-storage-service和seata-account-service三個seata的用戶端進行配置,它們配置大緻相同,我們下面以seata-order-service的配置為例;

修改application.yml檔案,自定義事務組的名稱;

spring:
  application:
    name: seata-account-service
  cloud:
    alibaba:
      seata:
        #自定義事務組名稱需要與seata-server中的對應
        tx-service-group: fsp_tx_group
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata_account?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456      

添加并修改file.conf配置檔案,主要是修改自定義事務組名稱;

service {
  #transaction service group mapping
  #修改事務組名稱為:fsp_tx_group,和用戶端自定義的名稱對應
  vgroup_mapping.fsp_tx_group = "default"
  #only support when registry.type=file, please don't set multiple addresses
  default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
  #disable seata
  disableGlobalTransaction = false
}

## transaction log store, only used in seata-server
store {
  ## store mode: file、db
  #修改此處将事務資訊存儲到資料庫中
  mode = "db"

  ## file store property
  file {
    ## store location dir
    dir = "sessionStore"
  }

  ## database store property
  db {
    ## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
    datasource = "dbcp"
    ## mysql/oracle/h2/oceanbase etc.
    db-type = "mysql"
    driver-class-name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
    #修改資料庫連接配接位址
    url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8"
    #修改資料庫使用者名
    user = "root"
    #修改資料庫密碼
    password = "123456"
  }
}      

添加并修改registry.conf配置檔案,主要是将注冊中心改為eureka;

registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "eureka"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "localhost"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
  }
  eureka {
    serviceUrl = "http://localhost:7001/eureka"
    application = "default"
    weight = "1"
  }
  redis {
    serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
    db = "0"
  }
  zk {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    session.timeout = 6000
    connect.timeout = 2000
  }
  consul {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  etcd3 {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  sofa {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
    application = "default"
    region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
    datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
    cluster = "default"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    addressWaitTime = "3000"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
  type = "file"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "localhost"
    namespace = ""
  }
  consul {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  apollo {
    app.id = "seata-server"
    apollo.meta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
  }
  zk {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    session.timeout = 6000
    connect.timeout = 2000
  }
  etcd3 {
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}      

在啟動類中取消資料源的自動建立:

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableEurekaClient //開啟Eureka用戶端
public class SeataAccountMainApp2003 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SeataAccountMainApp2003.class,args);
    }
}      
package com.it.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransactionFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {

//    @Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
//    private String mapperLocations;

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource druidDataSource() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));
//        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }
}      
package com.it.servcie.impl;

import com.it.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.it.pojo.Order;
import com.it.servcie.AccountService;
import com.it.servcie.OrderService;
import com.it.servcie.StorageService;
import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Resource
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;

    @Resource
    private StorageService storageService;
    
    @Resource
    private AccountService accountService;

    @GlobalTransactional(name = "fsp-create-order",rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    @Override
    public void create(Order order) {

        log.info("-------->開始建立新訂單");
        orderMapper.create(order);
        log.info("-------->新訂單建立完畢");

        System.out.println(100/0);

        log.info("--------訂單微服務開始調用庫存,做扣減");
        storageService.decrease(order.getProductId(),order.getCount());
        log.info("-------訂單微服務開始調用庫存,做扣減end");

        log.info("-------訂單微服務開始調用賬戶,做扣減");
        accountService.decrease(order.getUserId(),order.getMoney());
        log.info("-------訂單微服務開始調用賬戶,做扣減end");

        log.info("-------修改訂單狀态");
        orderMapper.update(order.getUserId(),0);
        log.info("-------修改訂單狀态結束");

        log.info("--------下訂單結束了,哈哈哈哈");
    }
}      

4.使用到的子產品用戶端配置

├── seata-order-service -- 整合了seata的訂單服務
├── seata-storage-service -- 整合了seata的庫存服務
└── seata-account-service -- 整合了seata的賬戶服務