簡述
MySQL支援update t1,t2 set t1.a=2;這種文法,别的關系資料庫例如oracle和sql server都不支援。這種文法有時候寫起來挺友善,但他有一個坑。
測試腳本
drop database fander;
create database fander;
use fander;
create table t1(a int);
create table t2(a int);
insert into t1 value(1);
select * from t1;
update t1,t2 set t1.a=2;
select * from t1;
測試結果
mysql> drop database fander;
create table t2(a int);
insert into t1 value(1);
select * from t1;
update t1,t2 set t1.a=2;
select * from t1;Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.35 sec)
mysql> create database fander;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use fander;
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(a int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> create table t2(a int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 value(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update t1,t2 set t1.a=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
結果非預期
我們想更新t1表的a列值為2,但發現并沒有更新成功。。。
原因
因為t2是空表!
update t1,t2 set t1.a=2; 這個語句看起來修改與t2無關。t2是否空表應該不影響update行為才對呀?
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/update.html
For the multiple-table syntax, UPDATE updates rows in each table named in table_references that satisfy the conditions. Each matching row is updated once, even if it matches the conditions multiple times. For multiple-table syntax, ORDER BY and LIMIT cannot be used.
官方手冊其實寫明了,update文法是根據table_references,即關聯後的表,再做更新的。
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1,t2;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
因為t2為空表,t1的資料和空表資料做笛卡爾積,關聯表後則為空。
update對這個空的table_references做更新,當然就找不到記錄,就沒有更新成功咯。
總結
這是一個坑,一般使用遇不到,但需要知道。