ImportSelector接口概述
ImportSelector接口是至spring中導入外部配置的核心接口,在SpringBoot的自動化配置和@EnableXXX(功能性注解)都有它的存在。我們先來看一下ImportSelector接口的源碼,如下所示。
package org.springframework.context.annotation;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
public interface ImportSelector {
String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata);
@Nullable
default Predicate<String> getExclusionFilter() {
return null;
}
}
該接口文檔上說的明明白白,其主要作用是收集需要導入的配置類,selectImports()方法的傳回值就是我們向Spring容器中導入的類的全類名。如果該接口的實作類同時實作EnvironmentAware, BeanFactoryAware ,BeanClassLoaderAware或者ResourceLoaderAware,那麼在調用其selectImports方法之前先調用上述接口中對應的方法,如果需要在所有的@Configuration處理完在導入時可以實作DeferredImportSelector接口。
在ImportSelector接口的selectImports()方法中,存在一個AnnotationMetadata類型的參數,這個參數能夠擷取到目前标注@Import注解的類的所有注解資訊。
ImportSelector接口探秘
在這裡我舉個Spring中的執行個體來看一下:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableTransactionManagement {
boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;
AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;
int order() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
}
此注解是開啟聲明式事務的注解,那麼它的@Import所導入的類為TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector,那麼我們看一下其類圖:

由此可知該類實作類ImportSelector接口。
前面說過,在SpringBoot的自動化配置和@EnableXXX(功能性注解)都有ImportSelector接口的存在,那我們就來自己定義一個@EnableXXX注解來更加深刻的了解ImportSelector接口。
【Spring注解驅動開發】深入了解Spring的ImportSelector接口 自定義@EnableXXX注解
在這裡我們先準備兩個Spring的項目工程:spring-project與ssm-project,其中spring-project裡我們先建立好如下結構目錄:
建立實體類
package org.hzgj.spring.study.bean
public class StudentBean{
private Integer id;
private String name;
//省略setter和gettter
}
建立ImportSelector接口的實作類
package org.hzgj.spring.study.config;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportSelector;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
public class SpringStudySelector implements ImportSelector, BeanFactoryAware {
private BeanFactory beanFactory;
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationTypes().forEach(System.out::println);
System.out.println(beanFactory);
return new String[]{AppConfig.class.getName()};
}
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
}
在這裡我們實作ImportSelector接口和BeanFactoryAware接口,重寫selectImports方法,最後我們傳回的是AppConfig的類名,同時列印出相關的注解中繼資料與BeanFactory
自定義@EnableSpringStudy注解
package org.hzgj.spring.study.annotation;
import org.hzgj.spring.study.config.SpringStudySelector;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Import(SpringStudySelector.class)
public @interface EnableSpringStudy {
}
在這裡我們仿照@EnableTransactionManagement來實作自定義注解,注意使用@Import導入我們剛才寫的SpringStudySelector。
建立配置類
package org.hzgj.spring.study.config;
import org.hzgj.spring.study.bean.StudentBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
@Bean
public StudentBean studentBean() {
StudentBean studentBean = new StudentBean();
studentBean.setId(19);
studentBean.setName("admin");
return studentBean;
}
}
當都完成以後我們打個jar包,準備引入至其他工程:
使用自定義@EnableXXX注解
完成ssm-project工程中的AppConfig配置類
1) 首先我們将剛才的spring.jar導入到ssm-project工程裡
2) 在對應的配置類上添加上spring-project中定義的@EnableSpringStudy注解
@Configuration //表明此類是配置類
@ComponentScan // 掃描自定義的元件(repository service component controller)
@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties") // 讀取application.properties
@MapperScan("com.bdqn.lyrk.ssm.study.app.mapper") //掃描Mybatis的Mapper接口
@EnableTransactionManagement //開啟事務管理
@EnableSpringStudy
public class AppConfig {
//....省略配置代碼
}
3)編寫Main方法
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
StudentBean studentBean = applicationContext.getBean(StudentBean.class);
System.out.println(studentBean.getName());
}
運作後輸出結果:
org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan
org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource
org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan
org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement
org.hzgj.spring.study.annotation.EnableSpringStudy
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@4b9e13df: defining beans [org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor,org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory,appConfig,propertiesConfig,logAspect,studentService]; root of factory hierarchy
admin
從這裡我們可以看到ImportSelector接口中的方法參數,可以擷取ssm-project項目下AppConfig的所有注解,并且能夠擷取目前BeanFactory所有配置的Bean。
ImportSelector源碼分析
這個接口在哪裡調用呢?我們可以來看一下ConfigurationClassParser這個類的processImports方法。
private void processImports(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass currentSourceClass,
Collection<SourceClass> importCandidates, boolean checkForCircularImports) {
if (importCandidates.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
if (checkForCircularImports && isChainedImportOnStack(configClass)) {
this.problemReporter.error(new CircularImportProblem(configClass, this.importStack));
}
else {
this.importStack.push(configClass);
try {
for (SourceClass candidate : importCandidates) { //對ImportSelector的處理
if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportSelector.class)) {
// Candidate class is an ImportSelector -> delegate to it to determine imports
Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
ImportSelector selector = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportSelector.class);
ParserStrategyUtils.invokeAwareMethods(
selector, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
if (this.deferredImportSelectors != null && selector instanceof DeferredImportSelector) { //如果為延遲導入處理則加入集合當中
this.deferredImportSelectors.add(
new DeferredImportSelectorHolder(configClass, (DeferredImportSelector) selector));
}
else { //根據ImportSelector方法的傳回值來進行遞歸操作
String[] importClassNames = selector.selectImports(currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
Collection<SourceClass> importSourceClasses = asSourceClasses(importClassNames);
processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, false);
}
}
else if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)) {
// Candidate class is an ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
// delegate to it to register additional bean definitions
Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar registrar =
BeanUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class);
ParserStrategyUtils.invokeAwareMethods(
registrar, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
configClass.addImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar(registrar, currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
}
else { // 如果目前的類既不是ImportSelector也不是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistar就進行@Configuration的解析處理
// Candidate class not an ImportSelector or ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
// process it as an @Configuration class
this.importStack.registerImport(
currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass));
}
}
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
configClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
}
finally {
this.importStack.pop();
}
}
}
在這裡我們可以看到ImportSelector接口的傳回值會遞歸進行解析,把解析到