一、簡介
在Springcloud中用zuul來實作網關功能,用戶端的請求首先經過負載均衡Ngnix,再到達服務網關(zuul叢集),然後再到具體的服務。Zuul的主要功能是路由轉發和過濾器。路由功能是微服務的一部分,比如/api/server1轉發到到server1服務。zuul預設和Ribbon結合實作了負載均衡的功能。願意了解源碼的朋友直接求求交流分享技術:二一四七七七五六三三
二、搭建
首先是POM檔案
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
然後在applicaton類加上注解@EnableZuulProxy,開啟zuul的功能
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
@RefreshScope
public class HfzZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HfzZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
yml配置如下
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://name:pass@IP/eureka/
instance:
ip-address: Ip位址
prefer-ip-address: true
server:
port: 8769
spring:
application:
name: service-zuul
sleuth:
sampler:
percentage: 1.0
cloud:
config:
discovery:
enabled: true
service-id: CONFIG-SERVER
label: master
profile: dev
name: hfz-zuul
username: name
password: pass
以上是在項目中配置的,為了使項目更加靈活,是以将路由的配置放在github上,這樣可以動态讀取
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /api-a/**
serviceId: service-ribbon
api-b:
path: /api-b/**
serviceId: service-feign
以/api-a/ 開頭的請求都轉發給service-ribbon服務;以/api-b/開頭的請求都轉發給service-feign服務;
三、服務過濾
zuul不僅可以路由,并且還能通過過濾來攔截一些服務,可以用來做安全驗證。
public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter{
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
@Override
public Object run() {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
if(accessToken == null) {
log.warn("token is empty");
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
try {
ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
}catch (Exception e){}
return null;
}
log.info("ok");
return null;
}
}
filterType:傳回一個字元串代表過濾器的類型,在zuul中定義了四種不同生命周期的過濾器類型,具體如下:
pre:路由之前
routing:路由之時
post: 路由之後
error:發送錯誤調用
filterOrder:過濾的順序
shouldFilter:邏輯判斷,是否要過濾
run:過濾器的具體邏輯控制
接下來就可以測試通路了。
技術架構圖如下:
資料和源碼來源