《Talk Lean》—— 精益讨論

精益讨論，從冗長低效的會議中解放出來。

精益概念遍地開花，精益管理、精益生産、精益創業、精益資料分析、精益客戶開發。

Talk Lean

要點一覽

• 直接且禮貌
• 會議開始時，明确會議目标
• 會議結束時，會議目标要可衡量、可審查
• 會議中難免會有沒有被表達的内容，被表達的内容可能有更好的表達方式
• 成為一個好聽衆：主動聆聽
• 回應演講者：從講話者的角度，從自己的角度，從二者共同的角度
• 有疑問就問
• 所做即所說，所說即所做

禮貌地直達問題，Politely to the Point

開場白通常有兩種方式：禮貌卻回避問題（polite but long-winded），直接卻不夠禮貌（direct but not very nice）。前者沒有任何推動作用，後者則會引發對抗。

開始會議

在會議開始時，說明目标。每個小階段都要有清晰的目标，表述要直接且親和。

以終為始，會議産出要有可以衡量的“參數”，會議目标要和“參數”對照。

會議中

讓會議高效運作。如果會議的必要性不強，取消會議，通過郵件溝通。

人們在會議中通常會有沒有表達的内容。有的人可能是怕顯得粗魯，有的人會通過肢體語言表達出來。如果存在未表達内容，不可避免地會導緻模糊、錯失機會、嚴重誤解。

主動聆聽 active listening

動用全部注意力，而不僅僅是聽：肢體語言、重複聽到的内容、微笑、點頭、分析處理聽到的内容、記筆記。

談話的路徑

1. 從對方的角度；
2. 從自己的角度；
3. 從二者的角度。

從對方的角度：

• 你剛才說的是什麼意思？
• 你為什麼會這麼想？

從自己的角度：

• 我認為
• 我覺得
• 我需要
• 剛才你說ABC，我告訴自己XYZ

二者的角度：

• 我要如何如何做，好讓你...
• 我們現在該怎麼做

如果你覺得對方表達不完整，就要從對方角度提問，原因有三：

1. 你了解對方的話，但不清楚動機；
2. 不了解對方的話；
3. 了解對方的話，但需要澄清；

對于主動聆聽着，盡量使用“自己的角度”。

肢體語言

肢體語言不能用來做判斷。沒有言語方面的斷定，肢體語言不能告訴你别人在想什麼。

人是不能關閉潛意識的，是以總會有肢體語言。解決的方法是“所做即所說，所說即所做”。

會議要結束時

逐個發表意見。

用開放性問題結束會議，比如：“你覺得今天的會議怎麼樣？”、“今天有什麼收獲？”。

另一篇文章裡關于《會議上司力》的29點：

1. Start on time.
2. Know the importance of proper meeting mechanics

• following the agenda
• note taking guidelines
• removing distractions

1. Keep your points numbered and your meeting format in line with the agenda.
2. Get the team members involved in managing the meeting

• hanging flip chart sheets
• taking minutes
• providing time checks

1. Use the room as your stage

• walk around freely
• don’t be tied down to a podium
• use casual body language (sit on table, lean against wall, sit occasionally)

1. Maintain control

• review the agenda
• repeat the meeting objective
• prevent cross talk

1. Use visual aids (flip charts, writing boards etc.)

• don’t censor comments
• don’t worry about spelling
• shorten long comments (go back to the person if clarification is required)
• write legibly
• get everyone’s idea on the board
• use different coloured markers to emphasize key points

1. Ask open questions to encourage discussions. Use closed questions to conclude discussions.
2. Stimulate conversation when ideas are slowing down

• paraphrase questions
• use non-verbal cues to encourage response (leave the front of the room, or ask the contributing member to write the idea on the board)
• ask everyone for comments
• wait patiently until a member is finished

1. Remain neutral

• don’t take sides
• remain non-defensive
• avoid lecturing

1. Acknowledge everyone in the group

• try not to be phony
• use probing questions
• be aware of the silent members on the team

1. Practice writing on chalkboard and listening at the same time.
2. Use subtle methods to quiet the dominant speaker

• use directed questions to someone else
• use closed questions
• stand near the dominant speaker as a display of physical presence (this technique displays authority)
• be tactful

1. To regain leadership

• stand, don’t sit
• be visible to the entire group
• use a clear voice that can be heard by all
• remind the group of meeting objectives

1. Stand beside the flip chart or board

• do not block the information
• talk to the audience, not onto the board or flip chart
• it’s OK to add points to existing wall charts

1. Write large enough to be read from the back of the room

• avoid abbreviations
• print instead of write
• don’t overcrowd a sheet, use lots of paper

1. Invite additional resources into the meeting, if topics are expected to go beyond the expertise of the group.
2. Provide hand-outs to team members

• should be prepared at least 24 hours prior to the

  meeting, or after a meeting has ended ready for the next

1. Use breaks if required

• effective method when a loss of control is evident

• to stop a dominating member who is disrupting

  the meeting

• to re-emphasize an issue

1. Don’t make time checks obvious, although they are important.
2. Create the proper environment for the topics being discussed.
3. Don’t be afraid to have fun

• use jokes and small talk where appropriate

1. Be warm and friendly.

2. Do not become over possessive with the power of leadership. Remember that your team

   members are also co-workers and friends

3. Channel any nervous energy

• do not wave pens or pointers
• do not stand rigid, or fidget too much

1. Leave open space in front of the room for notes and material. Arrange the room

   appropriately.

2. Be flexible.
3. Recap at the end of the meeting and explain the next steps.
4. Conclude the session effectively.