<b>Dedicated Server Process</b>
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用戶端連接配接隻需建立一次tcp:
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但根據在實際實驗時看到的現象,dedicated server process并不是listener的子程序,如下所示:
$ ps -ef | grep oracle
oracle 3242 3201 0 03:52 pts/0 00:00:00 sqlplus (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 3956 1 0 04:07 pts/0 00:00:00 /u01/oracle/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle 5563 1 4 12:46 pts/0 00:00:00 oraclelty (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 5564 3871 0 12:46 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle 5565 3871 0 12:46 pts/0 00:00:00 grep oracle
Shared Server
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用戶端連接配接須建立兩次tcp:
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推薦将隊列緩存區置于larg pool裡,須設定large_pool_size 參數值。
一個dispatcher最多可以支援的連接配接數與作業系統平台有關。
<b>Configuring Oracle Shared Server</b>
• Required initialization parameters
– DISPATCHERS
– SHARED_SERVERS
• Optional initialization parameters
– MAX_DISPATCHERS
– MAX_SHARED_SERVERS
– CIRCUITS
– SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS
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dispatcher啟動個數是靜态的,初始化啟動個數由DISPATCHERS決定。通過alter system指令改變啟動個數。而shared servers的個數可以動态增加,初始啟動個數由SHARED_SERVERS決定。
Tips:
在調試時如有需要,可以将MAX_SHARED_SERVERS值設為0(不能再記憶體中修改),關閉shared server模式。即使将shared_servers值設為0,當有用戶端連結進來時oracle會自動産生share server程序。
dispatcher與shared server的通信鍊路稱為一條virtual circuit,分inbound和outbound。即dispatcher—--request queue----shared server是inbound虛鍊路,shared server----response queue----dispatcher為outbound虛鍊路。
CIRCUITS參數值決定了虛鍊路(包括inbound和outbound)總數。這個值也影響了整個SGA的大小。
SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS值決定了所有shared server所能同時處理的session數。這裡是對整個oracle而言的,不是對單個shared server。
初始化參數中有個參數sessions,這個值決定了oracle能同時處理的session數,是以這個參數值與SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS的值也就決定了留給dedicated servers能同時處理的session數。
注意:如果listener監聽端口不是預設值1521時,必須配置local_listener參數或者在dispatchers參數值中指定tnsname。
配置舉例:
SQL> show parameter dispat
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------- ----------- -------------------
dispatchers string (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ltyXDB)
max_dispatchers integer 5
SQL> alter system set dispatchers='(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=1)';
System altered.
SQL> show parameter disp
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
dispatchers string (protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=1)
max_dispatchers integer 5
mts_dispatchers string (protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=1)
#注意:如果原來spfile中沒有配置dispatchers這個參數,則有可能在oracle啟動後修改dispatchers值。這個一旦定義就不能在spfile中被修改,如:
SQL> alter system set dispatchers='(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=2)' scope=spfile;
alter system set dispatchers='(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=2)' scope=spfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02065: illegal option for ALTER SYSTEM
解決方法是,先由spfile建立pfile。在pfile中更改後再由pfile建立spfile。
另外,在修改這些值前最好先啟動listener。否則可能出現修改這些值後無法同步在listener中注冊的情況。
SQL> !
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ps -ef | grep oracle
……
oracle 3360 1 0 04:01 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_lty #shared server程序。
oracle 3362 1 0 04:01 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_lty #dispatcher程序。
NAME TYPE VALUE
mts_max_dispatchers integer 5
SQL> alter system set dispatchers='(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=4)';
SQL> show parameter shared_ser
NAME TYPE VALUE
max_shared_servers integer 20
shared_server_sessions integer 165
shared_servers integer 1
SQL> alter system set shared_servers=3;
SQL> !
oracle 3360 1 0 04:01 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_lty
oracle 3362 1 0 04:01 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_lty
oracle 3364 1 0 04:01 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc0_lty
oracle 3366 1 0 04:01 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc1_lty
oracle 7109 1 0 17:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_d001_lty
oracle 7111 1 0 17:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_d002_lty
oracle 7113 1 0 17:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_d003_lty
[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl service
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(PORT=1521))
Services Summary...
Service "lty.suny.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "lty", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
Service "ltyXDB.suny.com" has 1 instance(s).
"D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1002 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: localhost.localdomain, pid: 7243>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1468))
The command completed successfully
<b>驗證:</b>
使用用戶端連結後,
SQL> select circuit,dispatcher,status from v$circuit;
CIRCUIT DISPATCH STATUS
-------- -------- ----------------
5AEFBAF8 5A290E48 NORMAL
或者:
$ netstat -anp | more
tcp 0 0 192.168.1.10:1521 192.168.1.200:51013 ESTABLISHED 5151/ora_d001_lty
<b>同時使用專用伺服器和Oracle Shared Server</b>
用戶端tnsnames.ora配置
ORACLE =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.10)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = lty.suny.com)
)
#在正常配置模式下,如上。Oracle優先使用shared server。
ORACLE_SHARED =
(SERVER = shared)
#在此模式下使用shared模式,在dispatchers不可用時連結将被拒絕。
ORACLE_DEDI =
(SERVER = dedicated)
#在此模式下将使用dedicated模式連結。
驗證:
[oracle@localhost admin]$ netstat -anp | more
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1521 127.0.0.1:46663 ESTABLISHED 6249/tnslsnr
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:46663 127.0.0.1:1521 ESTABLISHED 6096/ora_pmon_lty
tcp 0 0 192.168.1.10:1521 192.168.1.200:51468 ESTABLISHED 6114/ora_d000_lty
tcp 0 0 192.168.1.10:1521 192.168.1.200:51467 ESTABLISHED 6114/ora_d000_lty
tcp 0 0 192.168.1.10:1521 192.168.1.200:51474 ESTABLISHED 6325/oraclelty
<b>何時使用專用伺服器</b>
•送出批作業(預計很少有或沒有空閑時間)
•以sysdba 身份連接配接以啟動、關閉或執行恢複
•在三層架構中,中間件與oracle伺服器之間。
啟動關閉資料庫時不能以shared方式連結,否則出錯:ORA-00106: cannot startup/shutdown database when connected to a dispatcher
<b>相關視圖:</b>
• V$CIRCUIT
• V$SHARED_SERVER
• V$DISPATCHER
• V$SHARED_SERVER_MONITOR
• V$QUEUE
• V$SESSION
問題:listener.ora如下無法同時啟動shared server,無法再listener中注冊?
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = lty.suny.com)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle)
(SID_NAME = lty)
LISTENER =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.10)(PORT = 1521))
藍色部分改成如下情況下可以使用shared server:
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
本文轉自 d185740815 51CTO部落格,原文連結:http://blog.51cto.com/luotaoyang/312677,如需轉載請自行聯系原作者