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shared server使用与配置

<b>Dedicated Server Process</b>

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客户端连接只需建立一次tcp:

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但根据在实际实验时看到的现象,dedicated server process并不是listener的子进程,如下所示:

$ ps -ef | grep oracle

oracle    3242 3201 0 03:52 pts/0    00:00:00 sqlplus  (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))

oracle    3956     1 0 04:07 pts/0    00:00:00 /u01/oracle/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit

oracle    5563     1 4 12:46 pts/0   00:00:00 oraclelty (LOCAL=NO)

oracle    5564 3871 0 12:46 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

oracle    5565 3871 0 12:46 pts/0    00:00:00 grep oracle

Shared Server

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客户端连接须建立两次tcp:

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推荐将队列缓存区置于larg pool里,须设置large_pool_size 参数值。

一个dispatcher最多可以支持的连接数与操作系统平台有关。

<b>Configuring Oracle Shared Server</b>

• Required initialization parameters

– DISPATCHERS

– SHARED_SERVERS

• Optional initialization parameters

– MAX_DISPATCHERS

– MAX_SHARED_SERVERS

– CIRCUITS

– SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS

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dispatcher启动个数是静态的,初始化启动个数由DISPATCHERS决定。通过alter system命令改变启动个数。而shared servers的个数可以动态增加,初始启动个数由SHARED_SERVERS决定。

Tips:

在调试时如有需要,可以将MAX_SHARED_SERVERS值设为0(不能再内存中修改),关闭shared server模式。即使将shared_servers值设为0,当有客户端链接进来时oracle会自动产生share server进程。

dispatcher与shared server的通信链路称为一条virtual circuit,分inbound和outbound。即dispatcher—--request queue----shared server是inbound虚链路,shared server----response queue----dispatcher为outbound虚链路。

CIRCUITS参数值决定了虚链路(包括inbound和outbound)总数。这个值也影响了整个SGA的大小。

SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS值决定了所有shared server所能同时处理的session数。这里是对整个oracle而言的,不是对单个shared server。

初始化参数中有个参数sessions,这个值决定了oracle能同时处理的session数,所以这个参数值与SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS的值也就决定了留给dedicated servers能同时处理的session数。

注意:如果listener监听端口不是默认值1521时,必须配置local_listener参数或者在dispatchers参数值中指定tnsname。

配置举例:

SQL&gt; show parameter dispat

NAME                      TYPE        VALUE

------------------------- ----------- -------------------

dispatchers               string      (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ltyXDB)                                                

max_dispatchers           integer     5

SQL&gt; alter system set dispatchers='(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=1)';

System altered.

SQL&gt; show parameter disp

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

dispatchers                          string      (protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=1)

max_dispatchers                      integer     5

mts_dispatchers                      string      (protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=1)

#注意:如果原来spfile中没有配置dispatchers这个参数,则有可能在oracle启动后修改dispatchers值。这个一旦定义就不能在spfile中被修改,如:

SQL&gt; alter system set dispatchers='(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=2)' scope=spfile;

alter system set dispatchers='(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=2)' scope=spfile

                                                              *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-02065: illegal option for ALTER SYSTEM

解决方法是,先由spfile创建pfile。在pfile中更改后再由pfile创建spfile。

另外,在修改这些值前最好先启动listener。否则可能出现修改这些值后无法同步在listener中注册的情况。

SQL&gt; !      

[oracle@localhost ~]$ ps -ef | grep oracle

……

oracle    3360     1 0 04:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_lty     #shared server进程。

oracle    3362     1 0 04:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_lty              #dispatcher进程。

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

mts_max_dispatchers                  integer     5

SQL&gt; alter system set dispatchers='(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=4)';

SQL&gt; show parameter shared_ser

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

max_shared_servers                   integer     20

shared_server_sessions               integer     165

shared_servers                       integer     1

SQL&gt; alter system set shared_servers=3;

SQL&gt; !

oracle    3360     1 0 04:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_lty

oracle    3362     1 0 04:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_lty

oracle    3364     1 0 04:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc0_lty

oracle    3366     1 0 04:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc1_lty

oracle    7109     1 0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_d001_lty

oracle    7111     1 0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_d002_lty

oracle    7113    1 0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_d003_lty

[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl service

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(PORT=1521))

Services Summary...

Service "lty.suny.com" has 1 instance(s).

 Instance "lty", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

    Handler(s):

      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready

         LOCAL SERVER

Service "ltyXDB.suny.com" has 1 instance(s).

     "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1002 state:ready

         DISPATCHER &lt;machine: localhost.localdomain, pid: 7243&gt;

         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1468))

The command completed successfully

<b>验证:</b>

使用客户端链接后,

SQL&gt; select circuit,dispatcher,status from v$circuit;

CIRCUIT DISPATCH STATUS

-------- -------- ----------------

5AEFBAF8 5A290E48 NORMAL

或者:

$ netstat -anp | more

tcp        0      0 192.168.1.10:1521           192.168.1.200:51013         ESTABLISHED 5151/ora_d001_lty 

<b>同时使用专用服务器和Oracle Shared Server</b>

客户端tnsnames.ora配置

ORACLE =

 (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.10)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = lty.suny.com)

 )

#在常规配置模式下,如上。Oracle优先使用shared server。

ORACLE_SHARED =

      (SERVER = shared)

#在此模式下使用shared模式,在dispatchers不可用时链接将被拒绝。

ORACLE_DEDI =

      (SERVER = dedicated)

#在此模式下将使用dedicated模式链接。

验证:

[oracle@localhost admin]$ netstat -anp | more

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:1521              127.0.0.1:46663             ESTABLISHED 6249/tnslsnr       

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:46663             127.0.0.1:1521              ESTABLISHED 6096/ora_pmon_lty  

tcp        0      0 192.168.1.10:1521           192.168.1.200:51468         ESTABLISHED 6114/ora_d000_lty  

tcp        0      0 192.168.1.10:1521           192.168.1.200:51467         ESTABLISHED 6114/ora_d000_lty   

tcp        0      0 192.168.1.10:1521           192.168.1.200:51474         ESTABLISHED 6325/oraclelty  

<b>何时使用专用服务器</b>

•提交批作业(预计很少有或没有空闲时间)

•以sysdba 身份连接以启动、关闭或执行恢复

•在三层架构中,中间件与oracle服务器之间。

启动关闭数据库时不能以shared方式链接,否则出错:ORA-00106: cannot startup/shutdown database when connected to a dispatcher

<b>相关视图:</b>

• V$CIRCUIT

• V$SHARED_SERVER

• V$DISPATCHER

• V$SHARED_SERVER_MONITOR

• V$QUEUE

• V$SESSION

问题:listener.ora如下无法同时启动shared server,无法再listener中注册?

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

 (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = lty.suny.com)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle)

      (SID_NAME = lty)

LISTENER =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.10)(PORT = 1521))

蓝色部分改成如下情况下可以使用shared server:

 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))

本文转自 d185740815 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/luotaoyang/312677,如需转载请自行联系原作者