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Text: Carry the lantern forward
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(Source: All content stated in this article is based on reliable sources, and is repeated at the end of the article)
The Northern Wei Dynasty once became a powerful country in Chinese history, but because of the Heyin Change, the development of the Northern Wei Dynasty began to decline, and even collapsed.
Development process
The predecessor of the Northern Wei Dynasty was the Dai State, and Fu Jian began to work hard to develop the economy and prepare for the unification of the north since he assumed the position of former Qin monarch.
And Daiguo is one of them, when the strength of the era of the country was far less than that of the former Qin, not to mention the development of the strategist Wang Meng, so the Daiguo was quickly wiped out by the former Qin.
Later, after the Battle of Feishui, the former Qin was defeated by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the originally unified north also began to split, and the strength of the Qin began to decline from the previous one.
Seeing this, Tuoba Jue saw that the time had come, so in 386, he re-established the dynasty and changed its name to Wei.
In 396, after a great battle with Houyan, Tuoba successfully captured the Hebei region, which greatly increased Tuoba's strength, and it did not take long to defeat him.
In 398, Tuoba Jue began to claim the title of emperor, and then discussed the issue of the state name with the ministers, and Cui Hong and others suggested using "Wei" as the country name.
Because in their view, the establishment of Wei was aimed at the rebellion of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the nation originated from the Wei State, whether it was the Three Kingdoms or the Warring States, it contained this meaning.
Tuoba Jue felt that it made sense, so he listened to the advice of the ministers and changed the name of the country to "Wei".
After that, the Northern Wei Dynasty began to make military preparations, and once launched an attack on the Central Plains, and in 423, after the Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao ascended the throne, he continued to aim to unify the north.
Beginning in 432, the Northern Wei Dynasty wiped out neighboring countries, such as the Northern Yan and Northern Liang, and within a few years unified the north.
I have to say that when Tuoba Tao was in power, the strength of the Northern Wei Dynasty gradually grew, and there were many talents, so it can be said that the monarchs of the Northern Wei Dynasty after that were very virtuous.
Even after Emperor Xiaowen first ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Feng was the centralizer of power, but because of many reforms, the development of the Northern Wei economy also increased, and when Emperor Xiaowen was in power, not to mention, he completely integrated Han culture into society, thus strengthening the centralization of power.
However, starting from Emperor Xuanwu, the regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty gradually changed, and it also indirectly affected the future development of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Because Emperor Xuanwu was very lenient with the nobles in the reform, the power of the nobles gradually increased, and many party groups began to form within themselves, colluding with each other to launch rebellions.
For example, in 504, Jingzhao found an excuse to rebel, but was disposed of by Gao Zhao, and the power of the DPRK and China was gradually ceded to Gao Zhao.
After Gao Zhao gained power, he began to deal with ministers who were dissatisfied with him, causing chaos in the court, which led to the court's lack of intention to govern the people, and gradually revolts.
Although the rebel army was suppressed by the imperial court in this process, it also reflected the decline of the Northern Wei regime from the side, and at the same time accelerated the split of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Something happens
In 515, the youngest son Yuan Xu ascended the throne, because he was still young, so the Empress Dowager Hu could only call the system, at that time Yu Zhong had a certain status in the court, and the relationship with the Empress Dowager Hu was not good.
At this time, in order to stabilize the regime, Empress Dowager Hu used her relative Yuancha and her confidant Liu Teng.
However, both men had power, and in order to cultivate their henchmen, they constantly suppressed officials in the DPRK and China, including Taifu Yuanyi.
In only five years, Yuan Yi was overthrown by the two, and at this time, the two imprisoned the Empress Dowager Hu through power, and the power in the DPRK and China was naturally controlled by the two.
But from 523, after Liu Teng's death, Yuan Cha became the sole ruler of the regime.
When a person gains supreme power, he gradually relaxes, because in their eyes no one can threaten him.
And Yuancha is such a person, since he got the power of the court, he has begun to indulge, and Empress Dowager Hu is very smart, she understands that Yuancha has slackened, and it is a good time to deal with it.
In 525, with the help of Yuan Yong and others, Empress Dowager Hu further seized Yuancha's military power and sent someone to dispose of him, and in this way, Empress Dowager Hu returned to the court.
In fact, in the process, the peasants began to revolt, but unfortunately they were still suppressed, and Yuan Xu saw this opportunity, so he began to plan the idea of seizing power.
Therefore, he understood that he was an emperor with a real name but no real power, and it would not work like this all the time, so in 528, Yuan Xu decided to threaten the empress dowager by force and hand over the military power.
Then Yuan Xu looked at Er Zhurong, the general of Jinyang, and after receiving Yuan Xu's news, Er Zhurong didn't think much about it and began to send troops to the capital.
When the army approached Shangdang, Empress Dowager Hu thought that her life would be in danger if she continued like this, so she joined forces with Zheng Yan and others to secretly dispose of Yuan Xu.
Later, Empress Dowager Hu made Yuan Zhao the emperor, but this made Er Zhurong dissatisfied and wanted Empress Dowager Hu to re-establish the candidate, but Empress Dowager Hu did not do so, she thought that the power decision was in her own.
Seeing this, Er Zhurong did not hesitate, and it didn't take long to discuss with Yuan Tianmu, and the two finally decided to establish Yuan Ziyou as the emperor.
At the same time, they also understand that it is useless to just talk about it, and they must also take practical actions, that is, to start a rebellion.
Then the two made Yuan Ziyou emperor in Heyang, and under his leadership, Er Zhurong and other generals began to lead the army to attack Luoyang.
End Result
And Empress Dowager Hu was also stupid, she understood that she had troops in her hands, and if she really wanted to go to war, she would not necessarily lose, so she transferred all the main forces to the front line for a decisive battle.
However, Empress Dowager Hu did not know anything about military affairs, and it didn't take long for her to be defeated.
Subsequently, the enemy army soon surrounded the capital, and the Empress Dowager Hu was frightened when she saw it, and she couldn't think of a way for a while, so she wanted to go to Yongning Temple to become a nun.
Keer Zhurong did not give Empress Dowager Hu this opportunity, and ordered to see Empress Dowager Hu and others sink into the Yellow River together, and saw that Empress Dowager Hu and other key personnel were disposed of.
At Fei Mu's suggestion, none of the officials in Kyoto were spared, and at this time, Er Zhurong had completely controlled the power of the DPRK and China.
During the reign of Er Zhurong, he sent people to supervise Yuan Ziyou's every move many times, and Yuan Ziyou also understood that this would definitely not work, so Yuan Ziyou used a trick to get rid of Er Zhurong in 530.
But Yuan Ziyou never thought that just when he was about to master the government, the news was leaked, and Er Zhuzhao led the army to attack Luoyang.
In the end, because of the disparity in strength, he was disposed of by Erzhu Zhao, because Erzhu Zhao lost a lot of troops in the war, so he had to recuperate.
But in this process, because of Gao Huan's intervention, Er Zhu Zhao's forces were quickly cleared, and Gao Huan, like Er Zhu Zhao and others, was very eager for power.
Just after Gao Huan eliminated Er Zhu Zhao, he elected Yuan Xiu as the emperor, which was originally a good start, but when he never thought about it, Yuan Xiu didn't want to succumb to Gao Huan.
In 533, Yuan Xiu united with the ministers and generals of the court to contain and eliminate Gao Huan. When this news was soon learned by Gao Huan, he understood that once Yuan Xiu's plan succeeded, he would definitely be disposed of.
It is better to sit back and wait for death, it is better to strike first, when because there are many people who are plotting against Yuan Xiu, Gao Huan can only outwit them, so he uses a plan to divide them, and the soldiers around Yuan Xiu continue to fight each other.
This also allowed Yuwentai to seize the opportunity to eliminate them in one fell swoop, when Yuan Xiu could not be willing to fail, so he sent an army to conquer, but as a result, he was surrounded by Gao Huan in the capital.
Seeing that the general trend had gone, Yuan Xiu could only give hope to Yuwentai, although Yuwentai and Gao Huan reached an agreement at that time, but both of them had their own ideas.
After Yuan Xiu was no longer a threat, they all set up puppet emperors one after another, further dividing the Northern Wei melons into Eastern Wei and Western Wei.
But these two countries did not last long, and they were occupied and wiped out by the descendants of the two of them, thus giving rise to the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou.
Generally speaking, since the proposal of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it once changed from weak to strong, but because the power was not centralized, there were constant rebellions within the imperial court.
As a result, the power fell, and the emperor gradually became a puppet, and was finally eliminated, so it can be said that since the Heyin Change, the Northern Wei Dynasty has gone into decline.
Author's point of view
The Heyin Revolution fully demonstrated the shortcomings of the Northern Wei regime, and at the same time understood the unfathomable truth of the human heart, it was precisely because of everyone's desire for power that there were constant struggles between them, which further accelerated the demise of the country.
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Reference: Huang Xuechao, Buddhist Temples and Townships in Luoyang City of the Northern Wei Dynasty after the Heyin Change, 2014
Niu Xiaoyu, A Brief Analysis of the Changes in Heyin, 2012
Ma Wangying, Empress Dowager Linghu in the last years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, 2007