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A new generation of students studying abroad!
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Living in Paris, usually in addition to school,
Presumably, everyone will often go to major museums, right?
There are so many museums in Paris!
And students also have benefits,
When I went to school, I almost soaked in the museum!
And lingering in the major museums, in addition to admiring the art works and monuments of history,
The architecture of these museums also has its own characteristics! Each has its own flavor!
Is there the same as the editor, can't help but think:
In paris, what were these buildings before they became museums?
Today, Xiaobian will take you to understand the past and present lives of the Paris museums!
Orsay Museum
As many people know, the Musée d'Orsay was once a train station, as evidenced by the clocks, halls and names of several French towns carved into the façade.
But what is less well known is that before becoming a station, the Musée d'Orsay had many other identities:
It was once the residence of Queen Margaret in the 17th century, and later became the site of the Council of State and then the House of Auditors.
It wasn't until the 1900 World Expo that it became a train station, but! This is no ordinary train station! At that time, the design was a luxury railway station, so the decoration and space were very "luxurious", and a glass canopy was specially made, and even a luxury hotel was connected next to it, which was a high-end route!
In 1945, the Orsay train station was used as a reception centre for prisoners returning from concentration camps. In 1970, the Orsay railway station was allowed to be demolished and almost disappeared! Fortunately, the Minister of Culture at that time proposed a renovation plan in time to make the Orsay railway station "laid off and reemployed", and in 1986, it was finally transformed into the Orsay Museum as we know it today!
Rodin Museum
Speaking of the Rodin Museum, you may be more familiar with the Dior Show held here every year, but this building was also famous before it became a museum!
This private mansion, H tel Biron, built in the 18th century, was once home to a number of celebrities:
Marshal Biron, who named and designed the ornate garden, and author Jean Cocteau (who created Beauty and the Beast!). ), painter Henry. Matisse, Isadora Duncan, founder of modern dance...
In 1908, the sculptor Rodin turned it into his studio. He loved it more than anything else, and when the government wanted to take back the building, in 1916 Rodin donated all his works and collections, just to stay here, as he himself said:
"I donate everything I have to the state, just hoping that the state can keep all the collections here, this will be the Rodin Museum, which will keep me for the rest of my life."
A year later, Rodin died, and he finally got his wish:
In 1919, the Rodin Museum was officially opened. Now we can also appreciate the "ghostly work" of this sculpture.
Louvre Museum
Everyone who has been to the Louvre must have this feeling:
The Louvre, it's so big!
As everyone knows to a greater or lesser extent, the Louvre was once a royal palace.
But in fact, the current Louvre Museum complex was not built in a day:
The earliest Louvre, built in 1190, was the site of the then King Philip. The military defensive castle ordered by Augustus was about a quarter the size of the easternmost courtyard of the louvre. After all, it was a defensive castle, usually with weapons and prisoners, the little Louvre at that time was not gorgeous, and it was not the same as now.
But then, in the 14th century, Charles V suddenly discovered:
The location of the Louvre is more comfortable than the Île de la Cité!
So the royal family moved over.
Think the Louvre has turned around here?
And not...
Before waiting for a good decoration, the French king behind him felt that it was not good here, and they all moved away...
It was not until 1546 that François I (note: remember the name), it was he who, again, decided to move back to the Louvre, and! With a big hand, he bought a large number of works of art from Italy, including the Mona Lisa, and razed the medieval earthy building to the ground, according to the Renaissance style of the time, so that there was the Cour carrée, which is now the east of the Louvre.
Next, the legendary Queen Catherine. morality. Catherine de Médicis built the Tuileries Garden (she also built the Tuileries Palace, but was later destroyed by the Paris Commune...). In the past 700 years, the Louvre royal palace complex has also been basically formed, atmospheric, luxurious, and high-grade!
But by the time of Louis XIV, versailles appeared, the Louvre was "no longer favored", and even when Louis XV officially proposed to demolish the Louvre, but at that time the French royal family had squandered almost and had no money to hire someone to demolish it (I can't imagine it, it was because there was no money to hire someone to demolish it... So the Louvre survived.
After the French Revolution overthrew the monarchy, in 1793, the Louvre was officially turned into a museum, then called the "Central Museum of Art", and ordinary people could enter it for free three days a week.
Later, in the Napoleonic era, the Louvre was again enlarged on a large scale, with the current Arc de Triumph du Carrousel arch, as well as the current Richelieu courtyard and the Denon courtyard.
In 1981, the French government decided to allocate the entire building of the Louvre complex to the museum and carried out a large-scale renovation of the Louvre, with the transparent pyramid building designed by Chinese-American designer I.M. Pei. The renovated Louvre reopened in 1989. At this point, it is basically the complete form of the Louvre that we see now!
Orangerie Museum
The Orangerie Museum is located in the Tuileries Garden, built in 1852, and as its name suggests, this building was really the first to house the garden's orange trees in winter!
So the whole design is actually a greenhouse, the south façade, overlooking the river, is glass to receive sunlight, while the north façade is leeward and opaque to protect the orange trees from the north wind.
(So when you go in to visit, do you think the orangery is particularly warm?) ）
Since 1871, the ownership of the orangery has been vested in the state, and it has also become a venue for organizing various events: banquets, competitions, music, art and gardening events.
In 1921, Monet took a fancy to the orangery and nominated to put the "Water Lilies" that he had just donated to the country here for preservation. In 1927, it officially became a museum.
Carousel Museum
The Museum of Fairground Arts
But at that time, I did not discuss its past and present lives with everyone, in fact, the architecture here and the entire Bercy Village is very special, and the friends who have been to Bordeaux or French wineries are estimated to recognize it:
Yes, this is actually a wine cellar!
In 1878, the 12th arrondissement of Paris became the largest wine market in the world, and the entire region was completely "contributed" to wine and related festivals.
The Carousel Museum, or Playground Museum, was first located elsewhere in Paris and was finally moved to the former cellar building in 1996.
What do you think?
Did you not expect that the original and current museum once had such a purpose?
The next time you go to the museum, you can imagine its past and present lives, there will be a different experience!