设备结构体i2c_client中addr的低8位表示设备地址。设备地址由读写位、器件类型和自定义地址组成,第7位是r/w位,0表示写,1表示读,所以i2c设备通常有两个地址,即读地址和写地址类型器件由中间4位组成,这是由半导体公司生产的时候就已经固化了。
自定义类型由低3位组成。由用户自己设置,通常的做法如eeprom这些器件是由外部i芯片的3个引脚所组合电平决定的(a0,a1,a2)。a0,a1,a2 就是自定义的地址码。自定义的地址码只能表示8个地址,所以同一iic总线上同一型号的芯片最多只能挂载8个。如果在两个不同iic总线上挂接了两块类型和地址相同的芯片,那么这两块芯片的地址相同。这显然是地址冲突,解决的办法是为总线适配器指定一个id号,那么新的芯片地址就由总线适配器的id和设备地址组成
在做iic总线实验的时候编译出现问题并且不能够匹配
warning: "i2c_del_driver" [/home/book/workspace/share/drivers/iic_drv/1th/at24cxx.ko] undefined!
warning: "i2c_register_driver" [/home/book/workspace/share/drivers/iic_drv/1th/at24cxx.ko] undefined!
warning: "i2c_probe" [/home/book/workspace/share/drivers/iic_drv/1th/at24cxx.ko] undefined!
这是由于内核配置没有选上接口:
<*> i2c support --->
<*> i2c device interface (选上)
配置上接口口,编译时不会出现问题,可是新的问题出现了,不会自动匹配文件,解决方法如下
[ ] autoselect pertinent helper modules (去掉)
<*> i2c bit-banging interfaces(选上)
<*> s3c2410 i2c driver(选上)
<*> tiny-usb adapter 选上)
*** other i2c/smbus bus drivers ***
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h> //copy_to_user
static unsigned short ignore[] = { i2c_client_end };
static unsigned short normal_addr[] = { 0x50, i2c_client_end }; /* 地址值是7位 */
/* 改为0x60的话, 由于不存在设备地址为0x60的设备, 所以at24cxx_detect不被调用 */
//地址是用的后7位
static unsigned short force_addr[] = {any_i2c_bus, 0x60, i2c_client_end};
static unsigned short * forces[] = {force_addr, null};
static struct i2c_client_address_data addr_data = {
.normal_i2c
= normal_addr, /* 要发出s信号和设备地址并得到ack信号,才能确定存在这个设备 */
.probe
= ignore,
.ignore
//.forces = forces, /* 强制认为存在这个设备 */
};
static struct i2c_driver at24cxx_driver;
static int major;
static struct class *cls;
struct i2c_client *at24cxx_client;
static ssize_t at24cxx_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t * offset)
{
unsigned char address;
unsigned char data;
struct i2c_msg msg[2];
int ret;
/* address = buf[0]
* data = buf[1]
*/
if (size != 1)
return -einval;
copy_from_user(&address, buf, 1);
/* 数据传输三要素: 源,目的,长度 */
/* 读at24cxx时,要先把要读的存储空间的地址发给它 */
msg[0].addr = at24cxx_client->addr; /* 目的 */
msg[0].buf = &address; /* 源 */
msg[0].len = 1; /* 地址=1 byte */
msg[0].flags = 0; /* 表示写 */
/* 然后启动读操作 */
msg[1].addr = at24cxx_client->addr; /* 源 */
msg[1].buf = &data; /* 目的 */
msg[1].len = 1; /* 数据=1 byte */
msg[1].flags = i2c_m_rd; /* 表示读 */
ret = i2c_transfer(at24cxx_client->adapter, msg, 2);
if (ret == 2)
copy_to_user(buf, &data, 1);
return 1;
}
else
return -eio;
static ssize_t at24cxx_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
unsigned char val[2];
struct i2c_msg msg[1];
if (size != 2)
copy_from_user(val, buf, 2);
msg[0].buf = val; /* 源 */
msg[0].len = 2; /* 地址+数据=2 byte */
ret = i2c_transfer(at24cxx_client->adapter, msg, 1);
if (ret == 1)
return 2;
static struct file_operations at24cxx_fops = {
.owner = this_module,
.read = at24cxx_read,
.write = at24cxx_write,
static int at24cxx_detect(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, int address, int kind)
printk("at24cxx_detect\n");
/* 构构一个i2c_client结构体: 以后收改数据时会用到它 */
at24cxx_client = kzalloc(sizeof(struct i2c_client), gfp_kernel);
at24cxx_client->addr = address;//卸载驱动时候需要i2c_client
at24cxx_client->adapter = adapter;//设置才能调用at24cxx_detach
at24cxx_client->driver = &at24cxx_driver;
strcpy(at24cxx_client->name, "at24cxx");
i2c_attach_client(at24cxx_client);
major = register_chrdev(0, "at24cxx", &at24cxx_fops);
cls = class_create(this_module, "at24cxx");
device_create(cls, null, mkdev(major, 0), null, "at24cxx"); /* /dev/at24cxx */
return 0;
static int at24cxx_attach(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
return i2c_probe(adapter, &addr_data, at24cxx_detect);
static int at24cxx_detach(struct i2c_client *client)
printk("at24cxx_detach\n");
device_destroy(cls, mkdev(major, 0));
class_destroy(cls);
unregister_chrdev(major, "at24cxx");
i2c_detach_client(client);
kfree(i2c_get_clientdata(client));
/* 1. 分配一个i2c_driver结构体 */
/* 2. 设置i2c_driver结构体 */
static struct i2c_driver at24cxx_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "at24cxx",
},
.attach_adapter = at24cxx_attach,
.detach_client = at24cxx_detach,
static int at24cxx_init(void)
i2c_add_driver(&at24cxx_driver);
static void at24cxx_exit(void)
i2c_del_driver(&at24cxx_driver);
自我总结:
i2c_add_driver->
i2c_register_driver->
at24cxx_attach- >
i2c_probe ->
//如果检测到了这个设备的id号,那么就调用at24cxx_detect
i2c_del_driver->
driver_unregister->
at24cxx_detach->
struct i2c_msg msg[1];//传输文件的消息结构体
i2c_transfer(at24cxx_client->adapter, msg, 1);//传输函数