橄榄油,属木本植物油,是由新鲜的油橄榄果实直接冷榨而成的,不经加热和化学处理,保留了天然营养成分,橄榄油被认为是迄今所发现的油脂中最适合人体营养的油脂。
橄榄油和橄榄果渣油在地中海沿岸国家有几千年的历史,在西方被誉为“液体黄金”,“植物油皇后”,“地中海甘露”, 原因就在于其极佳的天然保健功效,美容功效和理想的烹调用途,可供食用的高档橄榄油是用初熟或成熟的油橄榄鲜果通过物理冷压榨工艺提取的天然果油汁,是世界上以自然状态的形式供人类食用的木本植物油之一。
橄榄油是从橄榄(橄榄树的果实)中提取的天然油,油中约14%是饱和脂肪,而11%是多不饱和脂肪,例如omega-6和omega-3脂肪酸。
橄榄油具有多种健康价值,其中包括:具有极强的抗炎症活性,减少心血管疾病风险和中风风险,降低癌症风险,降低糖尿病风险。
既往研究发现,那些每天食用超过半汤匙橄榄油的人罹患任何心血管疾病的风险降低15%,而患冠心病的风险降低21%。用等量的橄榄油代替一茶匙的黄油,人造黄油,蛋黄酱或乳制品脂肪,可使心血管疾病的风险降低5%,使冠心病的风险降低7%。
2024年5月的最新研究Consumption of Olive Oil and Diet Quality and Risk of Dementia-Related Death表明,与从不或很少食用橄榄油的人相比,每天食用至少7克橄榄油与痴呆症相关死亡风险降低28%有关。
研究表明,无论饮食质量如何,较高的橄榄油摄入量与较低的痴呆相关死亡率风险相关。
在 92383 名参与者中,60582 名 (65.6%) 是女性,平均 (SD) 年龄为 56.4 (8.0) 岁。在 28 年的随访期间(2183095 人年),发生了 4751 例与痴呆症相关的死亡。载脂蛋白 ε4 (APOE ε4) 等位基因纯合的个体死于痴呆症的可能性高出 5 至 9 倍。与从不或很少食用橄榄油相比,每天食用至少 7 克橄榄油可使痴呆相关死亡风险降低 28%(调整后的汇总 HR,0.72 [95% CI,0.64-0.81])(P 为趋势 < .001);进一步调整 APOE ε4 后结果一致。没有发现饮食质量评分之间存在交互作用。在模拟替代分析中,用等量的橄榄油替代 5 克/天的人造黄油和蛋黄酱,与 8%(95% CI,4%-12%)至 14%(95% CI,7%-20)降低痴呆症死亡风险相关。其他植物油或黄油的替代品并不显著。
既往多项临床试验支持橄榄油通过改善内皮功能、凝血、脂质代谢、氧化应激、血小板聚集和减少炎症来减少 CVD 的作用。来自动物和人类研究的机制证据表明,橄榄油中的酚类化合物尤其是特级初榨橄榄油,可以减轻炎症、氧化应激并恢复血脑屏障功能,从而减少大脑淀粉样蛋白-β和 tau 相关的病理并改善认知功能。
好油还得选橄榄油!
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