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一、前言
这是一颗型号为 PDA5927 四象限光电管。它具有四个封装在一起的 光电管。通常被用于位置传感器。下面对它的特性进行初步测试，为之后应用提供基础。
二、制作转接板
在嘉立创网站，有 PDF5927器件，将它们导出，设计测试电路板，使用一个5芯接口引出，绘制单面电路板，一分钟之后，获得测试电路板，将它放置在面包板上，下面对它的端口特性进行初步测试。
首先，使用万用表二极管档位测量四个象限二极管的正向导通电压，它们都在0.53V左右，反向截止。
利用万用表测量光电管两端电压 。在室内普通光线下，电压大约 为 235mV。下面使用手电筒照射光电管。可以看到光电管电压可以上升到 360mV。
三、金属盒测量
为了避免外部环境光的影响，将光电管放入一个可以密封的金属盒内。里面有一个面包板，可以将它的引线通过金属盒上的 Q9 插座引出。盖上金属盒，里面保持黑暗。测量光电管输出电压，可以看到输出电压降低到0V左右。
将一个红色LED放置在光电管上方，LED发光强度基本上与通过的电流成正比，下面测量一下LED的光电流与光电管端电压之间的关系，这个 关系也是光强与光电管电压之间的关系。使用DH1766提供LED电压电源。通过测量LED串联电阻上的电压，获得LED电流。通过测试结果来看，光电管的电压与光强之间是一个非线性饱和关系。
▲ 图1.3.1 LED电流与光电管电压
#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#******************************
# TEST1.PY - by Dr. ZhuoQing 2024-04-30
#
# Note:
#******************************
from headm import *
from tsmodule.tsvisa import *
from tsmodule.tsstm32 import *
dm3068open()
vdim = linspace(0, 5, 100)
idim = []
odim = []
dh1766volt1(vdim[0])
time.sleep(5)
R = 220
for v in vdim:
dh1766volt1(v)
time.sleep(2)
vi = dm3068vdc()
i = vi / R
idim.append(i)
meter = meterval()
odim.append(meter[0])
tspsave('current', vdim=vdim, idim=idim, odim=odim)
printff(v, i, meter)
plt.plot(idim, odim, lw=3)
plt.xlabel("Current(A)")
plt.ylabel("Voltage(V)")
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
#------------------------------------------------------------
# END OF FILE : TEST1.PY
#******************************
vdim=[0.0000,0.0505,0.1010,0.1515,0.2020,0.2525,0.3030,0.3535,0.4040,0.4545,0.5051,0.5556,0.6061,0.6566,0.7071,0.7576,0.8081,0.8586,0.9091,0.9596,1.0101,1.0606,1.1111,1.1616,1.2121,1.2626,1.3131,1.3636,1.4141,1.4646,1.5152,1.5657,1.6162,1.6667,1.7172,1.7677,1.8182,1.8687,1.9192,1.9697,2.0202,2.0707,2.1212,2.1717,2.2222,2.2727,2.3232,2.3737,2.4242,2.4747,2.5253,2.5758,2.6263,2.6768,2.7273,2.7778,2.8283,2.8788,2.9293,2.9798,3.0303,3.0808,3.1313,3.1818,3.2323,3.2828,3.3333,3.3838,3.4343,3.4848,3.5354,3.5859,3.6364,3.6869,3.7374,3.7879,3.8384,3.8889,3.9394,3.9899,4.0404,4.0909,4.1414,4.1919,4.2424,4.2929,4.3434,4.3939,4.4444,4.4949,4.5455,4.5960,4.6465,4.6970,4.7475,4.7980,4.8485,4.8990,4.9495,5.0000]
idim=[-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,0.0001,0.0001,0.0002,0.0003,0.0005,0.0006,0.0008,0.0010,0.0011,0.0013,0.0015,0.0017,0.0019,0.0021,0.0023,0.0025,0.0026,0.0028,0.0030,0.0032,0.0034,0.0036,0.0038,0.0040,0.0042,0.0044,0.0046,0.0048,0.0050,0.0052,0.0054,0.0055,0.0057,0.0059,0.0061,0.0063,0.0065,0.0067,0.0069,0.0071,0.0073,0.0075,0.0077,0.0079,0.0081,0.0083,0.0085,0.0087,0.0089,0.0091,0.0093,0.0095,0.0097,0.0099,0.0101,0.0103,0.0105,0.0107,0.0109,0.0110,0.0112,0.0114,0.0116,0.0118,0.0120,0.0122,0.0124,0.0126,0.0128,0.0130]
odim=[-0.0044,-0.0017,-0.0005,-0.0002,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0000,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,0.0000,0.0004,0.0017,0.0050,0.0182,0.0569,0.1166,0.1459,0.1666,0.1817,0.1931,0.2023,0.2099,0.2163,0.2219,0.2267,0.2310,0.2349,0.2384,0.2416,0.2445,0.2472,0.2498,0.2521,0.2544,0.2565,0.2585,0.2604,0.2622,0.2639,0.2655,0.2671,0.2686,0.2700,0.2714,0.2727,0.2740,0.2752,0.2764,0.2776,0.2787,0.2798,0.2808,0.2819,0.2828,0.2838,0.2847,0.2857,0.2865,0.2874,0.2882,0.2891,0.2899,0.2907,0.2914,0.2922,0.2929,0.2936,0.2943,0.2950,0.2957,0.2963,0.2970,0.2976,0.2982,0.2988,0.2994,0.3000,0.3006,0.3011,0.3017,0.3022,0.3028,0.3033,0.3038]
因此，反应光强不能够使用光电管的端口电压，需要根据反向电流来反应光强。下面再使用万用表测量光电管的短路电流与 照射LED 的光电流之间的关系。
下面，使用万用表测量光电管的短路电流与光强之间的关系。还是使用DH1766给金属盒内LED提供电流，测试结果显示，LED的工作电流与 光电管的短路电流之间近似为线性关系。这也说明光电管短路电流 与光强之间呈现线性关系。所以，利用运放将光电管输出光电流转换成电压，便可以反应光电管所得到的光强。
▲ LED 电流与光电管短路电流
vdim=[0.0000,0.0505,0.1010,0.1515,0.2020,0.2525,0.3030,0.3535,0.4040,0.4545,0.5051,0.5556,0.6061,0.6566,0.7071,0.7576,0.8081,0.8586,0.9091,0.9596,1.0101,1.0606,1.1111,1.1616,1.2121,1.2626,1.3131,1.3636,1.4141,1.4646,1.5152,1.5657,1.6162,1.6667,1.7172,1.7677,1.8182,1.8687,1.9192,1.9697,2.0202,2.0707,2.1212,2.1717,2.2222,2.2727,2.3232,2.3737,2.4242,2.4747,2.5253,2.5758,2.6263,2.6768,2.7273,2.7778,2.8283,2.8788,2.9293,2.9798,3.0303,3.0808,3.1313,3.1818,3.2323,3.2828,3.3333,3.3838,3.4343,3.4848,3.5354,3.5859,3.6364,3.6869,3.7374,3.7879,3.8384,3.8889,3.9394,3.9899,4.0404,4.0909,4.1414,4.1919,4.2424,4.2929,4.3434,4.3939,4.4444,4.4949,4.5455,4.5960,4.6465,4.6970,4.7475,4.7980,4.8485,4.8990,4.9495,5.0000]
idim=[-0.0001,-0.0006,0.0002,-0.0006,-0.0008,-0.0016,-0.0006,-0.0006,-0.0009,-0.0006,-0.0022,-0.0010,-0.0020,-0.0007,-0.0021,-0.0010,-0.0015,-0.0027,-0.0009,-0.0004,-0.0002,0.0002,-0.0006,-0.0021,-0.0006,-0.0011,-0.0009,-0.0013,-0.0015,-0.0014,0.0062,0.0265,0.0782,0.1707,0.3007,0.4594,0.6475,0.8582,1.0850,1.3241,1.5755,1.8389,2.1075,2.3860,2.6680,2.9584,3.2467,3.5435,3.8467,4.1513,4.4597,4.7718,5.0851,5.4010,5.7195,6.0385,6.3594,6.6824,6.9981,7.3245,7.6498,7.9753,8.3015,8.6278,8.9571,9.2856,9.6127,9.9439,10.2699,10.5917,10.9222,11.2512,11.5789,11.9101,12.2370,12.5638,12.8936,13.2186,13.5469,13.8726,14.1935,14.5220,14.8477,15.1709,15.4973,15.8185,16.1423,16.4662,16.7903,17.1087,17.4260,17.7377,18.0566,18.3773,18.6940,19.0114,19.3286,19.6423,19.9570,20.2704]
ridim=[-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,0.0001,0.0002,0.0004,0.0010,0.0027,0.0071,0.0185,0.0471,0.1076,0.2072,0.3383,0.4913,0.6548,0.8304,1.0127,1.1993,1.3896,1.5826,1.7773,1.9743,2.1723,2.3716,2.5719,2.7689,2.9708,3.1728,3.3760,3.5795,3.7833,3.9875,4.1916,4.3967,4.6045,4.8086,5.0141,5.2155,5.4223,5.6282,5.8350,6.0418,6.2486,6.4559,6.6632,6.8705,7.0782,7.2855,7.4891,7.6968,7.9050,8.1127,8.3209,8.5286,8.7368,8.9450,9.1532,9.3618,9.5700,9.7745,9.9827,10.1918,10.4000,10.6091,10.8177,11.0268,11.2350,11.4445,11.6532,11.8618,12.0668,12.2759,12.4850,12.6932,12.9023,13.1114,13.3205,13.5295,13.7382]
#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#******************************
# TEST1.PY - by Dr. ZhuoQing 2024-04-30
#
# Note:
#******************************
from headm import *
from tsmodule.tsvisa import *
from tsmodule.tsstm32 import *
dm3068open()
vdim = linspace(0, 5, 100)
idim = []
ridim = []
dh1766volt1(vdim[0])
time.sleep(5)
R = 220
for v in vdim:
dh1766volt1(v)
time.sleep(2)
ii = dm3068cdc()*1e6
idim.append(ii)
meter = meterval()
ridim.append(meter[0]/R*1e3)
tspsave('current', vdim=vdim, idim=idim, ridim=ridim)
printff(v, ii, meter)
plt.plot(ridim, idim, lw=3)
plt.xlabel("LED Current(mA)")
plt.ylabel("EC(uA)")
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
#------------------------------------------------------------
# END OF FILE : TEST1.PY
#******************************
下面使用一个锂电池给光电管施加 -4.2V的偏压，重新测量光电管反向导通电流与光强之间的关系。控制LED电流从0 变化到 15mA，测量光电管反向导通电流，可以看到这个电流与 0V偏压的短路电流几乎是一样的。将它们绘制在一起，只是在光电流比较大时，带有反偏电压对应的反向电流略微大了一些。这说明光电管的反向电流基本上是一个饱和恒流特性。
▲ 图1.3.3 带有偏压的反向导通电流
vdim=[0.0000,0.0505,0.1010,0.1515,0.2020,0.2525,0.3030,0.3535,0.4040,0.4545,0.5051,0.5556,0.6061,0.6566,0.7071,0.7576,0.8081,0.8586,0.9091,0.9596,1.0101,1.0606,1.1111,1.1616,1.2121,1.2626,1.3131,1.3636,1.4141,1.4646,1.5152,1.5657,1.6162,1.6667,1.7172,1.7677,1.8182,1.8687,1.9192,1.9697,2.0202,2.0707,2.1212,2.1717,2.2222,2.2727,2.3232,2.3737,2.4242,2.4747,2.5253,2.5758,2.6263,2.6768,2.7273,2.7778,2.8283,2.8788,2.9293,2.9798,3.0303,3.0808,3.1313,3.1818,3.2323,3.2828,3.3333,3.3838,3.4343,3.4848,3.5354,3.5859,3.6364,3.6869,3.7374,3.7879,3.8384,3.8889,3.9394,3.9899,4.0404,4.0909,4.1414,4.1919,4.2424,4.2929,4.3434,4.3939,4.4444,4.4949,4.5455,4.5960,4.6465,4.6970,4.7475,4.7980,4.8485,4.8990,4.9495,5.0000]
idim=[0.0002,0.0002,-0.0006,0.0005,-0.0004,0.0007,0.0007,0.0012,0.0010,0.0002,0.0002,0.0007,0.0020,0.0002,-0.0002,-0.0008,0.0008,0.0014,0.0011,0.0003,0.0016,0.0006,0.0010,0.0007,0.0010,0.0003,0.0004,0.0020,0.0013,0.0021,0.0081,0.0305,0.0849,0.1853,0.3252,0.4958,0.6960,0.9196,1.1620,1.4177,1.6871,1.9657,2.2548,2.5497,2.8507,3.1602,3.4651,3.7837,4.1056,4.4297,4.7578,5.0873,5.4204,5.7556,6.0916,6.4318,6.7725,7.1138,7.4491,7.7939,8.1381,8.4831,8.8288,9.1773,9.5223,9.8702,10.2163,10.5619,10.9115,11.2511,11.5986,11.9450,12.2927,12.6403,12.9848,13.3322,13.6770,14.0224,14.3680,14.7130,15.0495,15.3912,15.7336,16.0750,16.4162,16.7576,17.0995,17.4383,17.7762,18.1141,18.4525,18.7804,19.1166,19.4507,19.7833,20.1173,20.4484,20.7768,21.1062,21.4345]
ridim=[-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,-0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,0.0001,0.0002,0.0004,0.0011,0.0028,0.0073,0.0191,0.0484,0.1113,0.2151,0.3521,0.5125,0.6835,0.8675,1.0584,1.2538,1.4532,1.6555,1.8594,2.0657,2.2731,2.4821,2.6920,2.8983,3.1099,3.3216,3.5345,3.7477,3.9613,4.1752,4.3892,4.6077,4.8205,5.0350,5.2514,5.4623,5.6782,5.8950,6.1114,6.3282,6.5450,6.7623,6.9795,7.1968,7.4145,7.6323,7.8455,8.0632,8.2814,8.4995,8.7173,8.9350,9.1532,9.3718,9.5905,9.8086,10.0273,10.2418,10.4605,10.6791,10.8982,11.1173,11.3364,11.5555,11.7745,11.9936,12.2123,12.4318,12.6464,12.8655,13.0850,13.3041,13.5236,13.7427,13.9618,14.1818,14.4014]
▲ 图1.3.4 带4V反压与0V反压光电流与照亮LED电流之间的关系
※总 结 ※
本文对于四象限光电管的特性进行了测试，它的反向电流与光强之间近似线性关系。反向电流大约在 20微安左右，应用这个电流，可以使用运放转换成电压，之后进行信号采集。
参考资料
[1]
PDA5927 四象限光敏二极管: http://szsgir.com/data/PDA5927_CN.PDF