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读麦·访谈·《花花公子》采访麦克卢汉·079

作者:读麦

PLAYBOY: You said a few minutes ago that all of contemporary man’s traditional values, attitudes and institutions are going to be destroyed and replaced in and by the new electric age. That’s a pretty sweeping generalization. Apart from the complex psychosocial metamorphoses you’ve mentioned, would you explain in more detail some of the specific changes you foresee?

花花公子:你几分钟前说过,当代人所有的传统价值观、态度和制度习俗,在新的电子时代也因为新的电子时代而逐渐被破坏、被取代,这是一种非常总括性的概括。除了你已经提到过的复杂的社会心理的显著变化,你能更详细地解释一些你所预见的具体变化吗?

McLUHAN: The transformations are taking place everywhere around us. As the old value systems crumble, so do all the institutional clothing and garbage they fashioned. The cities, corporate extensions of our physical organs, are withering and being translated along with all other such extensions into information systems, as television and the jet—by compressing time and space—make all the world one village and destroy the old citycountry dichotomy. New York, Chicago, Los Angeles—all will disappear like the dinosaur. The automobile, too, will soon be as obsolete as the cities it is currently strangling, replaced by new antigravitational technology. The marketing systems and the stock market as we know them today will soon be dead as the dodo, and automation will end the traditional concept of the job, replacing it with a role, and giving men the breath of leisure. The electric media will create a world of dropouts from the old fragmented society, with its neatly compartmentalized analytic functions, and cause people to drop in to the new integrated global-village community.

麦克卢汉:我们周围到处都在发生这样的变化。各种旧价值体系崩溃,它们所塑造的所有老一套的外衣和垃圾也都会消失。随着电视和喷气式飞机——通过压缩时间和空间——使全世界变成一个村落并消除了过去的城乡对立,作为我们身体器官的共同延伸的城市,伴随所有其他的诸般延伸,逐渐消失并被转变成信息系统。纽约、芝加哥、洛杉矶——每一个城市都会像恐龙一样消失。汽车很快也会像它正在堵塞着的城市一样被淘汰,被新的反重力技术所取代。我们今天所熟习的营销体系和股票市场很快就会像渡渡鸟一样绝种,同时,自动化将终结传统观念的职业,代之以角色并给人带来不以工作为生的活力。电子媒介将创造一个属于退出者——他们从旧的碎片化社会及其受到整齐划分的分析功能中退出——的世界,同时促使人参与进到新的浑然一体的地球村社区。

按:地球村是电子媒介和飞机压缩了时间、空间而造成的,全球转变成星球级的信息系统,城乡对立消失,大城市消失,城市从以硬件为主转变成以软件为主,人的聚落凸显出信息的功能。书面文化里的旧物事蜕变为信息系统、信息事件。这里的信息系统、软件都是动态的。

汽车将被新的克服重力的技术所取代,这是人造卫星引发的畅想,也是向出行者作出的应许。前所未有的信息流和物流,大大减少了宅男宅女们出行的必要性,天使化社交成为主要的人际模式,面对面社交成为生活的重大节目。

退出者包括退学者、逃避现实的人。随着电子时代的深入,退出者的褒义越来越多、贬义越来越少。退出者彰显了慢信息条件下不曾有过的一种模式:目标随时切换。

书面-机械的营销体系、股票市场即将过时。渡渡鸟,dodo,孤鸽,引申为落后于时代的人,过时之物。

电子时代以角色取代职业,人充满活力,不以工作为生而以行动为乐。