Ruby on Rails之InstantRails使用

下面我们开始 学习 Ruby On Rails (ROR)入门教程

第一我们首先是 快速配置 Ruby On Rails 的开发环境

1. 下载 InstantRails-2.0-win.zip

可以到官方下载，http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=904

也可以到 /download/tools/InstantRails-2.0-win.zip 改为

/download/tools/InstantRails-2.0-win.7z 下载

2. 下载好后， 就解压

如果从 /download/tools/InstantRails-2.0-win.7z 下载

需要输入解压密码： www.17rumen.com

文件比较多， 稍等， 软件不用安装， 解压就可以用。

建议新手使用 InstantRails 作为 ROR 的入门开发环境。

InstantRails.exe 运行

看到 Apache MySQL 显示 绿色的灯， 表明正常运行

http://localhost/   進入網站

http://localhost/mysql/   進入phpmyadmin管理mysql server

(mysql default user為root, 沒有password)

點選 Configure > Windows Hosts file

加入

127.0.0.1 www.mycookbook.com

127.0.0.1 typo

點選 Rails Applications > Manage Rails Applications...

然後選擇 cookbookc 並按下 "Start SCGI" button.

輸入 http://www.mycookbook.com/ 進入網站

在玩Rails前,先來認識一下Ruby:

在windows os下, 進入 cd/InstantRails/ruby/bin

執行:ruby -v

查看ruby版本

執行:irb

進入Ruby shell可進行邏輯運算

執行:irb --simple-prompt

然後輸入 print('Joeyta') 就可看到輸出

建主c:/joeyta.rb, 內容為:

print ("My name is:")         # 括孤可有可無

puts "Joeyta"                 # puts的輸出自動輸行

print "What is your name?/n"  # double quote可解釋escape字元

puts 'Peter Chan/n'           # single quote直接輸出所有字元

print '1+1 ='; puts 1+1       # 傳回 1+1=2

puts "abc"=="abc"             # 傳回true

a = "ab"; b = "ab"

puts "ab".eql?"ab"            # 傳回true,判斷實際值

puts "ab".equal?"ab"          # 傳回false,判斷參考位置

puts 10 > 50                  # 傳回false

puts "abcd".index('c')        # 傳回2

name = "joeyta"; 

printf("名: %s/n", name)      # printf可作格式化

printf("是否joeyta? %s/n", (name == 'joeyta' ? '是' : '否'))

number=gets.to_i              # gets取後輸入,to_i轉成數字,給變數number

puts number                 

if number == 1         # if表達式

 puts '輸入為1'

elsif number == 2

 puts '輸入為2'

else

 puts '輸入不為1,2'

end

unless number == 1            # number不為1時為true

 puts '輸出不為1'

else

 puts '輸出為1'

end

case number                   # case 表達式

 when 1

  puts 'case 1'

 when 2

  puts 'case 2'

 else

  puts 'case 1,2'

end

for i in 0..2

   print i,"/n"

end

for element in [0.2, 4, 'joeyta']   

 print "#{element}/t(#{element.class})/n"

end

(0..2).each {|i| puts i}

(9..12).each do |i| puts i end

2.times {puts "joeyta"}

3.times do |i| puts "peter" end

j = 1000

begin

 j -= 1

 puts j

 if j==997

  break

  end

end while j>=995               # 亦可使用until

(1..5).each do |num|

 print num   

 if num == 4         

  break                      # 亦可使用redo繼續, next下一個, retry重試迴路

 end                        

end

values = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

values.length.times do |index|   

print values[index], " "

end

ary = Array.new(3).fill { "foo" }

ary[0].replace "bar"

p ary

執行

c:/InstantRails/ruby/bin>ruby c:/joeyta.rb

玩完Ruby後,現在來玩一下Rails:

c:/InstantRails/ruby/bin>rails C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook

就會在C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/ 目,建主mybook的application及相關的檔案

執行

ruby C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/script/server

或到Instant Rails > I > Rails Application > Manage Rails Applications

點選mybook 及 按 "Start with WEBrick"

就會啟動網站

輸入http://127.0.0.1:3000/ 進入網站

執行ruby C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/script/generate controller MyTest

編輯C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/controllers/my_test_controller.rb 為

class MyTestController < ApplicationController

 def index

   render_text "Hello World"

 end

end

輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/My_Test/ 就能看到 Hello World

繼續編輯 C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/controllers/my_test_controller.rb

class MyTestController < ApplicationController

 def index

   render_text "Hello World"

 end

 def hello

   render_text "Hello Rails"

 end

end

輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/My_Test/hello  就看到 Hello Rails

建立資料庫:

進入 http://localhost/mysql/

執行:

create database mybook;

create table books(

id int(11) auto_increment primary key,

title varchar(100),

description text,

buydate date)

修改 C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/config/database.yml 

(YAML配置檔,詳情可參考 http://www.yaml.org/ 及 http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/YAML.html)

development:

  adapter: mysql

  database: mybook

  username: root

  password:

  host: localhost

test:

  adapter: mysql

  database: mybook

  username: root

  password:

  host: localhost

production:

  adapter: mysql

  database: mybook

  username: root

  password:

  host: localhost

執行

ruby C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/script/generate model book

就會在C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/models 下產生 book.rb

Rails智能地把Book mapping 至 mysql 的books table.

(創建model book就會將Book映射至英文眾數的book talbe,即books table)

執行

ruby C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/script/generate controller book

編輯 C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/controllers/book_controller.rb

class BookController < ApplicationController

 scaffold:book      # scaffold:book 生成CRUD代碼

end

輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/book/new

不可思意地竟然產生了UI 讓用戶新增 修改 刪除 數據到mysql books table.

編輯 C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/controllers/book_controller.rb

class BookController < ApplicationController

 scaffold:book

 def list

end

當輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/book/new 會出現缺少template的錯誤頁面

新增

C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/views/book/list.rhtml 內容為

<html>

<head>

<title>All books</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Online Mybook - All books</h1>

<table >

<tr>

 <td width="80%"><p align="center"><i><b>book</b></i></td>

 <td width="20%"><p align="center"><i><b>Date</b></i></td>

</tr>

<% @books.each do |book| %>

<tr>

 <td><%= link_to book.title, :action => "show", :id => book.id %></td>

 <td><%= book.buydate %></td>

</tr>

<% end %>

</table>

<p><%= link_to "Create new book", :action => "new" %></p>

</body>

</html>

修改 C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/controllers/book_controller.rb

class BookController < ApplicationController

 scaffold:book

 def list

  @books = Book.find_all

 end

end

輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/book/list 就會出現自定的list template

進入 http://localhost/mysql/

use mybook;

create table categories(

 id int(11) auto_increment primary key,

 name varchar(50)

);

alter table books add category_id int(11) not null after description;

INSERT INTO `categories` VALUES (1, '小說');

INSERT INTO `categories` VALUES (2, '科幻');

INSERT INTO `categories` VALUES (3, '漫畫');

INSERT INTO `books` VALUES (1, '天海', '天海一閣', 1, '2006-04-28');

INSERT INTO `books` VALUES (2, '好書', '好書一本', 2, '2006-04-29');

執行

ruby C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/script/generate model category

ruby C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/script/generate controller category

修改 C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/model/book.rb

class Book < ActiveRecord::Base

 belongs_to :category

end

修改 C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/model/category.rb

class Category < ActiveRecord::Base

 has_many :books

end

修改 C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/controllers/book_controller.rb

class BookController < ApplicationController

 scaffold:book

 def list

  @books = Book.find_all

 end

 def edit

  @book = Book.find(@params["id"])

  @categories = Category.find_all

 end 

end

新增C:/InstantRails/rails_apps/mybook/app/views/book/list.rhtml 內容為

<html>

<head>

<title>Edit book</title></head>

<body>

<h1>Edit book</h1>

<form action="../update" method="POST">

 <input id="book_id" name="book[id]" size="30" type="hidden" value="<%= @book.id %>" />

 <p><b>Title</b><br>

  <input id="book_title" name="book[title]" size="30" type="text" value="<%= @book.title %>" /> </p>

 <p><b>Description</b><br>

   <input id="book_description" name="book[description]" size="30" type="text" value="<%= @book.description %>" /> </p>

 <p><b>Category:</b><br>

 <select name="book[category_id]">

  <% @categories.each do |category| %>

   <option value="<%= category.id %>" <%= ' selected' if category.id == @book.category.id %>> <%= category.name %>

   </option>

  <% end %>

 </select></p>

 <input type="submit" value="Update" />

</form>

 <a href="/book/show/<%= @book.id %>" target="_blank" rel="external nofollow" > Show </a> | <a href="/book/list" target="_blank" rel="external nofollow" > Back </a>

</body>

</html>