Ubuntu Server 16.04.1 LTS 64位使用vsftpd搭建ftp服务器

最近给自己的服务器用vsftpd搭了个ftp服务器。

最好先

sudo su

获得root权限。

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

安装vsftpd

修改/etc/vsftpd.conf如下:

listen=NO
listen_ipv6=YES

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES


# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.


# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
# pam_service_name=vsftpd
pam_service_name=ftp

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES
           

上面的配置文件中，我不是很熟悉，我挑一些我稍微知道的讲。

• listen=NO

  不了解，我查看了很多博客，这个设置的是YES，但是我设置成YES，登陆直接被拒绝。

• anonymous_enable=NO

  拒绝匿名登陆

• write_enable=YES

  设置可以上传文件，这个设置看需要个人需要

• xferlog_enable=YES

  开启日志记录

• xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

  设置日志文件路径

• xferlog_std_format=YES

  设置日志格式为标准输出

• connect_from_port_20=YES

  绑定20端口

• ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.

  欢迎语句，在使用shell时可以看到

下面这几个的设置比较重要：

• chroot_local_user=YES

• chroot_list_enable=YES

• chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

  上面的这几个配置实现的功能是：用户被限制在自己的主目录下。用户名单来源于

  /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

  。

  具体可以参考：http://blog.csdn.net/bluishglc/article/details/42398811

一个重要的配置

• pam_service_name=ftp

  原配置中为vsftpd，ubuntu用户需要更改成ftp

关于编码：

• utf8_filesystem=YES

  不知道这项有没有起作用，上传的文件不乱码，用浏览器打开是乱码（浏览器编码问题？），使用windows自带的文件资源管理器是没有乱码的，使用filezila乱码。

创建用户:

• mkdir /home/username

• sudo useradd username -g ftp -d /home/username -m username

• sudo passwd username's password

• mkdir /home/username/pub

• chmod 777 -R /home/username/pub

  新建一个pub目录用于存放文件，并且赋予全部访问权限

• usermod -s /sbin/nologin username

  限制用户username只能通过ftp登陆，而不能直接登陆服务器

重要的一点：

• 新建

  /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

  将username放进去

启动vsftpd或者重启

• systemctl start vsftpd

  或者

  service vsftpd start

• systemctl restart vsftpd

  或者

  service vsftpd restart

登陆：

• 在windows的文件资源管理器或者在浏览器中打开

  ftp://your_server_ip

  输入账号密码，即可用登陆。浏览器中只能查看，文件操作如新建等需要在window的文件资源管理器中或者filezila中进行。

水平有限，有问题欢迎留言