Ubuntu Server 16.04.1 LTS 64位使用vsftpd搭建ftp伺服器

最近給自己的伺服器用vsftpd搭了個ftp伺服器。

最好先

sudo su

獲得root權限。

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

安裝vsftpd

修改/etc/vsftpd.conf如下:

listen=NO
listen_ipv6=YES

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES


# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.


# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
# pam_service_name=vsftpd
pam_service_name=ftp

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES
           

上面的配置檔案中，我不是很熟悉，我挑一些我稍微知道的講。

• listen=NO

  不了解，我檢視了很多部落格，這個設定的是YES，但是我設定成YES，登陸直接被拒絕。

• anonymous_enable=NO

  拒絕匿名登陸

• write_enable=YES

  設定可以上傳檔案，這個設定看需要個人需要

• xferlog_enable=YES

  開啟日志記錄

• xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

  設定日志檔案路徑

• xferlog_std_format=YES

  設定日志格式為标準輸出

• connect_from_port_20=YES

  綁定20端口

• ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.

  歡迎語句，在使用shell時可以看到

下面這幾個的設定比較重要：

• chroot_local_user=YES

• chroot_list_enable=YES

• chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

  上面的這幾個配置實作的功能是：使用者被限制在自己的主目錄下。使用者名單來源于

  /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

  。

  具體可以參考：http://blog.csdn.net/bluishglc/article/details/42398811

一個重要的配置

• pam_service_name=ftp

  原配置中為vsftpd，ubuntu使用者需要更改成ftp

關于編碼：

• utf8_filesystem=YES

  不知道這項有沒有起作用，上傳的檔案不亂碼，用浏覽器打開是亂碼（浏覽器編碼問題？），使用windows自帶的檔案資料總管是沒有亂碼的，使用filezila亂碼。

建立使用者:

• mkdir /home/username

• sudo useradd username -g ftp -d /home/username -m username

• sudo passwd username's password

• mkdir /home/username/pub

• chmod 777 -R /home/username/pub

  建立一個pub目錄用于存放檔案，并且賦予全部通路權限

• usermod -s /sbin/nologin username

  限制使用者username隻能通過ftp登陸，而不能直接登陸伺服器

重要的一點：

• 建立

  /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

  将username放進去

啟動vsftpd或者重新開機

• systemctl start vsftpd

  或者

  service vsftpd start

• systemctl restart vsftpd

  或者

  service vsftpd restart

登陸：

• 在windows的檔案資料總管或者在浏覽器中打開

  ftp://your_server_ip

  輸入賬号密碼，即可用登陸。浏覽器中隻能檢視，檔案操作如建立等需要在window的檔案資料總管中或者filezila中進行。

水準有限，有問題歡迎留言