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《Android开发艺术探索》第4章 View的工作原理4.0 要点4.1 ViewRoot DecorView4.2 MeasureSpec4.3 View的工作流程4.4 自定义View和ViewGroup5 其他

本章代码GitHub地址:https://github.com/LittleFogCat/AndroidBookNote/tree/master/chapter04_view

4.0 要点

View的绘制流程

measure -> layout -> draw

常用回调

onAttach onVisibilityChanged onDetach

滑动处理

4.1 ViewRoot DecorView

首先是这张Android的窗口层级图

《Android开发艺术探索》第4章 View的工作原理4.0 要点4.1 ViewRoot DecorView4.2 MeasureSpec4.3 View的工作流程4.4 自定义View和ViewGroup5 其他

可以看到,在一个界面中,包含了一个Window,Window中包含了一个DecorView。DecorView其实是一个FrameLayout,一般包含了且仅包含一个竖直的LinearLayout,这个LinearLayout中又包含了一个TitleView和一个ContentView。我们调用

setContentView(id)

的时候,设置的就是这个ContentView的布局。

ViewRoot是WindowManager和DecorView之间的纽带。View的三大流程其实都是通过ViewRoot来完成的。

关于ViewRoot的来历,又是怎么成为WindowManager和DecorView的纽带的,书中只是一笔带过,这里来一探究竟。

4.1.*

顺着源码追踪,只看有用部分:

当ActivityThread收到一个Activity启动消息时,会调用

handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord, Intent, String)

方法,handleLaunchActivity方法中有以下几句:

WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);

handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward, 
!r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason);
           

可以看到,

handleLaunchActivity

中调用了

performLaunchActivity

handleResumeActivity

两个方法。

performLaunchActivity()

中,Activity被创建(onCreate也是在这里调用的),并且通过

Activity.attach()

方法将Window和Activity绑定。

activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
                    cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);

activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
                        r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
                        r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
                        r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);
           

handleResumeActivity()

方法中,DecorView会被添加到Window中。(同时这个方法里面也有一个

performResumeActivity()

方法,在这里调用Activity.onResume())。

最后,我们会调用Activity的makeVisible()方法,并通知AMS我们的Activity已经resume了。

ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
// 将DecorView添加到Window中,但此时其是不可见的
wm.addView(decor, l);
// ==> mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
r.activity.makeVisible();
ActivityManager.getService().activityResumed(token);
           

继续跟踪

wm.addView(View, ViewGroup.LayoutParams)

,会在WindowManagerGlobal这个单例类中找到:

ViewRootImpl root;
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
           

这里的view即是decorView。至此,我们成功的建立起了WindowManager -> ViewRootImpl -> DecorView的关系。

4.2 MeasureSpec

4.2.1 MeasureSpec

网上讲MeasureSpec的有很多。简单的来讲,MeasureSpec就是这个View的大小(不准确,但是可以这样简化理解)。它是一个32位的整型,高2位代表SpecMode,低30位代表SpecSize。

SpecMode有三种:

  • UNSPECIFIED 父容器不对View做限制。
  • EXACTLY 精确测量模式,即View的最终大小。在View中设置具体数字大小,或者match_parent都是这个模式。
  • AT_MOST 可用大小模式,View的大小不会超过这个值。对应的是wrap_content。

4.2.2 MeasureSpec和LayoutParams的对应关系

我们在LayoutParams中会定义View的宽高,即布局xml中的

android:layout_width

android:layout_height

属性。一般来讲,我们会设置

match_parent

wrap_content

或者具体的数值。

同时,我们会通过View的measure方法向其传递MeasureSpec。综合父布局的MeasureSpec和View的LayoutParam,我们可以计算出这个View的MeasureSpec。

抛开UNSPECIFIED不谈(一般不用),以下表格表示了如何通过二者确定View具体MeasureSpec的:

LP \ 父SpecMode EXACTLY AT_MOST
具体数值

specMode: EXACTLY

specSize: View定义的size

specMode: EXACTLY

specSize: View定义的size

wrap_content

specMode: AT_MOST

specSize: 父specSize

specMode: AT_MOST

specSize: 父specSize

match_parent

specMode: EXACTLY

specSize: 父specSize

specMode: AT_MOST

specSize: 父specSize

可以看出,除非将View的宽高设定为确定的数值,否则其是受到父容器的影响的。具体的measure过程在下一节讲到。

4.3 View的工作流程

View的工作流程主要指measuer、layout、draw。

measure测量View的宽高,layout确定View的位置和大小,draw将View绘制在屏幕上。

4.3.1 measure

View通过measure来测量大小。同时,ViewGroup除了测量自己,还会遍历子View并调用其measure方法。

之前我们已经知道,View的大小由MeasureSpec来决定,而MeasureSpec又是通过父布局的MeasureSpec和LayoutParam共同决定的。

通过查看源码,我们可以看到,View的measure过程主要是通过在

measure(int, int)

方法中调用

onMeasure(int, int)

进行的。而onMeasure()的默认实现只有一句:

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }
           

我们在重写onMeasure方法的时候,必须要调用

setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)

方法,否则系统会抛出异常。这个方法的主要目的是给View的

mMeasuredWidth

mMeasuredWidth

变量赋值。

也就是说,measure的结果就是,通过调用

measure(int, int)

方法,最终给View的

mMeasuredWidth

mMeasuredWidth

变量赋值,使得接下来的layout和draw流程顺利进行。

measure(int, int)

方法的两个参数是从何而来的呢?

在4.2.2中我们知道了,View的MeasureSpec是通过父布局的MeasureSpec和自身的LayoutParam来进行计算的,而这个过程是在父ViewGroup中就已经完成了的,如4.2.2中表格所示。也就是说,事实上,measure过程绝大多数工作是在父容器里面就已经完成了的。

在ViewGroup类中有一个

getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension)

方法,在这里我们可以看到ViewGroup是怎么确定子View的measureSpec的,截取其中一段:

switch (specMode) {
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
           

特别地,当View的宽(或者高)设置为wrap_content的时候,查看4.2.2的表格,我们可以看到,View的SpecMode是AT_MOST,而SpecSize是父布局剩余的尺寸。也就是说,我们最后给这个View赋值的测量大小,也是父布局剩余尺寸,这跟match_parent是一样的效果,不符合我们的预期。造成这个结果的原因是,父布局并不知道这个View应该是多大,所以只能传递父布局的SpecSize。所以当我们自定义View的时候,需要重写onMeasure方法,并在其中加入当View的SpecMode是AT_MOST时,我们期望的测量结果。例如,我们想设置wrap_content时的宽高是100px:

@Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

        int widthSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        int widthSpecSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        int heightSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        int heightSpecSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST && heightMeasureSpec == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(100, 100);
        } else if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(100, heightSpecSize);
        } else if (heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(widthSpecSize, 100);
        }
    }
           

而ViewGroup的measure过程,除了要测量自身以外,还要测量各个子View,测量完之后再计算出ViewGroup最终的大小。而这个过程根据ViewGroup的不同,最终测量出来的大小也可能是不一样的,例如LinearLayout和RelativeLayout,他们的测量过程显然不可能相同,所以ViewGroup并没有默认实现measure过程,在自定义ViewGroup的时候,必须重写onMeasure方法,否则会导致无法显示。虽然ViewGroup提供了measureChildren(int, int)和measureChild(View, int, int)方法,可以简便的对子元素进行测量,

4.3.2 layout

在计算好了尺寸之后,我们需要把View挨个放进ViewGroup里,如同搭积木一般。这个过程就是layout。所以我们可以简单的认为,layout的过程是为ViewGroup“量身定制”的。

layout过程跟measure很类似,ViewGroup遍历所有的子View,计算出其应在的位置。如同measure的最终结果是将

mMeasuredWidth

mMeasuredWidth

变量赋值一般,layout的最终结果是给View的

mLeft

mTop

mRight

mBottom

四个变量赋值。

在ViewGroup中,onLayout是一个抽象方法,需要我们自己实现,在其中放置我们的子View。举个简单的例子,我们要做个子元素竖直排列的布局,并且每个子元素间隔10px,重写ViewGroup的onLayout方法:

@Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        int top = t;
        int count = getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = getChildAt(i);
            int childLeft = l;
            int childTop = top;
            int childRight = childLeft + child.getMeasuredWidth();
            int childBottom = childTop + child.getMeasuredHeight();
            child.layout(childLeft, childTop, childRight, childBottom);

            top += child.getMeasuredHeight() + 10;
        }
    }
           

效果如下:

《Android开发艺术探索》第4章 View的工作原理4.0 要点4.1 ViewRoot DecorView4.2 MeasureSpec4.3 View的工作流程4.4 自定义View和ViewGroup5 其他

可以看到符合预期。

4.3.3 draw

一般情况下,draw分为以下几步:

  1. 绘制背景(drawBackground)
  2. 绘制自身(onDraw)
  3. 绘制子元素(dispatchDraw)
  4. 绘制装饰(scrollbars)

我们一般只关心自身的绘制,也就是说,重写onDraw方法就可以了。对于自定义View的绘制,最重要的莫过于Canvas和Paint的使用。

4.3.4 小结*

View的三大流程,不是并列关系,而是依赖、递进的关系。也就是说,对于父布局,必须先测量好每个子元素的大小,再确定他们每个的位置,最后才能绘制出他们的图像。即:

measure -> layout -> draw

4.4 自定义View和ViewGroup

最后来根据本章内容做一下自定义View、ViewGroup。

《Android开发艺术探索》第4章 View的工作原理4.0 要点4.1 ViewRoot DecorView4.2 MeasureSpec4.3 View的工作流程4.4 自定义View和ViewGroup5 其他

我的目标是这样的:

  1. 自定义View:外圈圆形,包裹了一个五角星。可以自定义圆形和五角星的颜色,以及五角星的旋转角度。(其实旋转可以使用

    android:rotation

    属性的)
  2. 自定义ViewGroup:将所有的子View从左到右,从上到下,依次排列。

4.4.1 自定义View:StarView

4.4.1.0 定义属性

首先创建包含五角星各项数据的实体类

Star

public class Star {
    /**
     * 五角星从中心到顶点的距离
     */
    private double mCVLength;

    /**
     * 中心点的坐标
     */
    private Point mCenter;

    /**
     * 五角星旋转的角度
     */
    private double mRotate;

    /**
     * 五角星5个顶点坐标,顺序为:从最上方顶点开始,顺时针旋转的所有顶点。
     */
    private Point[] mPoints = new Point[5];

    // ...
}
           

略去其他部分,这里主要保存了五角星从中心到顶点的距离(大小)、中心点的坐标(位置)、五角星旋转的角度(角度),以及五个顶点的坐标(前三个值计算得到)。而我们等下在绘制图形的过程中,主要用到的就是这五个点的坐标。(至于是怎么求到的,则是高中知识,过程充满了血泪不表)

现在开始自定义StarView。新建StarView.java,继承自View。在

style.xml

中加入如下属性:

<declare-styleable name="StarView">
        <attr name="star_color" format="color" />
        <attr name="star_scale" format="float" />
        <attr name="star_rotate" format="float" />
    </declare-styleable>
           

分别代表五角星的颜色、五角星占圈内的比例、五角星的旋转角度。而圆圈背景则直接从

background

属性获取,然后再把背景设置成透明:

Drawable bgDrawable = getBackground();
        if (bgDrawable instanceof ColorDrawable) {
            mBgColor = ((ColorDrawable) bgDrawable).getColor();
        } else {
            mBgColor = Color.RED;
        }
        setBackgroundColor(0);
           

是不是很粗暴?

4.4.1.1 onMeasure

在onMeasure中,我们只是处理了对于wrap_content的判断:如果长(宽)是wrap_content,那么就将其设置为与宽(长)相等,即正方形(实际绘图区域,即去掉了padding之后的真实绘图区域)。如果二者皆是wrap_content,那么就均设为默认大小。

4.4.1.2 onDraw

首先,我们去除了各种padding之后,得到了真实的圆心坐标(cx, cy)、半径r。半径的值为真实绘图区域短边的一半。然后调用

canvas.drawCircle()

方法绘制出背景圆形。

然后,我们定义的Star类就登场了。

回顾一下,我们创建了Star对象之后,就可以获取它的5个顶点坐标。知道了坐标,我们就可以通过Path + canvas.DrawPath()来绘图了。先使用Path对象,按我们平时手工的方法画一个五角星,然后再drawPath填充颜色。代码如下:

// draw star
        Star star = getStar(mStarScale * r, cx, cy, mStarRotate);
        Star.Point points[] = star.getPoints();

        mPath.setFillType(Path.FillType.WINDING);
        mPath.moveTo(points[0].x, points[0].y);
        mPath.lineTo(points[3].x, points[3].y);
        mPath.lineTo(points[1].x, points[1].y);
        mPath.lineTo(points[4].x, points[4].y);
        mPath.lineTo(points[2].x, points[2].y);
        mPath.close();

        mPaint.setColor(mStarColor);
        canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
           

其中getStar()方法是为了避免在onDraw中创建对象。

mPath.setFillType(Path.FillType.WINDING)

允许我们完全填充这个路径内部。具体可以参考相关文章:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30889373/article/details/78793086

4.4.1.3 完整代码

/**
 * 圆形背景,五角星图案的自定义View。
 */
public class StarView extends View {
    private static final String TAG = "StarView";
    private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE_PX = 128;
    private Paint mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
    private int mStarColor;
    private int mBgColor;
    private float mStarScale;
    private float mStarRotate;
    private Path mPath;

    public StarView(Context context) {
        this(context, null, 0);
    }

    public StarView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }

    public StarView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.StarView);
        mStarColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.StarView_star_color, Color.YELLOW);
        mStarScale = a.getFloat(R.styleable.StarView_star_scale, 0.8f);
        mStarRotate = a.getFloat(R.styleable.StarView_star_rotate, 0);
        a.recycle();

        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        Drawable bgDrawable = getBackground();
        if (bgDrawable instanceof ColorDrawable) {
            mBgColor = ((ColorDrawable) bgDrawable).getColor();
        } else {
            mBgColor = Color.RED;
        }
        setBackgroundColor(0);
        mPath = new Path();
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("SuspiciousNameCombination")
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        int widthSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        int widthSpecSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        int heightSpecMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
        int heightSpecSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

        // 对长宽为wrap_content的判断
        if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST && heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(DEFAULT_SIZE_PX, DEFAULT_SIZE_PX);
        } else if (widthSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            int drawSize = heightSpecSize - getPaddingTop() - getPaddingBottom();
            setMeasuredDimension(drawSize + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight(), heightSpecSize);
        } else if (heightSpecMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            int drawSize = widthSpecSize - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight();
            setMeasuredDimension(widthSpecSize, drawSize + getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom());
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        int width = getWidth();
        int height = getHeight();
        int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();
        int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();
        int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();
        int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();
        int realWidth = width - paddingLeft - paddingRight;
        int realHeight = height - paddingTop - paddingBottom;
        if (realWidth <= 0 || realHeight <= 0) {
            return;
        }

        float cx, cy, r; // 圆心坐标x,圆心坐标y,半径

        r = Math.min(realWidth, realHeight) / 2.0f;
        cx = paddingLeft + r;
        cy = paddingTop + r;

        // draw background
        if (mBgColor != Color.TRANSPARENT) {
            mPaint.setColor(mBgColor);
            canvas.drawCircle(cx, cy, r, mPaint);
        }

        // draw star
        Star star = getStar(mStarScale * r, cx, cy, mStarRotate);
        Star.Point points[] = star.getPoints();

        mPath.setFillType(Path.FillType.WINDING);
        mPath.moveTo(points[0].x, points[0].y);
        mPath.lineTo(points[3].x, points[3].y);
        mPath.lineTo(points[1].x, points[1].y);
        mPath.lineTo(points[4].x, points[4].y);
        mPath.lineTo(points[2].x, points[2].y);
        mPath.close();

        mPaint.setColor(mStarColor);
        canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
    }

    /**
     * 由于onDraw中最好不要频繁的创建对象,所以使用临时的成员来保存Star。
     */
    private Star mStarTemp;

    private Star getStar(double a, double cx, double cy, double rotate) {
        if (mStarTemp == null) {
            mStarTemp = new Star(a, cx, cy, rotate);
        } else {
            mStarTemp.setStar(a, cx, cy, rotate);
        }
        return mStarTemp;
    }

}
           
/**
 * 通过输入五角星的中心点坐标和顶点到中心的长度,计算出五角星每个顶点的坐标。
 * <p>
 * Created by LittleFogCat on 2019/1/26.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
public class Star {

    /**
     * 一些计算中常用的常数
     */
    private static final double sin18 = sin(18);
    private static final double sin36 = sin(36);
    private static final double cos18 = cos(18);
    private static final double cos36 = cos(36);

    /**
     * 五角星从中心到顶点的距离
     */
    private double mCVLength;

    /**
     * 中心点的坐标
     */
    private Point mCenter;

    /**
     * 五角星旋转的角度
     */
    private double mRotate;

    /**
     * 五角星5个顶点坐标,顺序为:从最上方顶点开始,顺时针旋转的所有顶点。
     */
    private Point[] mPoints = new Point[5];

    /**
     * 构造函数,构造出一个正置无旋转的五角星。
     *
     * @param a  五角星中心到顶点的距离
     * @param cx 五角星中心坐标x
     * @param cy 五角星中心坐标y
     */
    public Star(double a, double cx, double cy) {
        this(a, cx, cy, 0);
    }

    /**
     * 主要构造函数。根据五角星中心坐标和中心到顶点的距离,计算出每个顶点的长度。
     *
     * @param a      五角星中心到顶点的距离
     * @param cx     五角星中心坐标x
     * @param cy     五角星中心坐标y
     * @param rotate 五角星旋转角度,0度为正置五角星
     */
    public Star(double a, double cx, double cy, double rotate) {
        mCVLength = a;
        mCenter = new Point(cx, cy);
        mRotate = rotate;
        makeCoordinate();
    }

    public void setStar(double a, double cx, double cy, double rotate) {
        mCVLength = a;
        mCenter.x = (float) cx;
        mCenter.y = (float) cy;
        mRotate = rotate;
        makeCoordinate();
    }

    /**
     * 计算顶点坐标。
     */
    private void makeCoordinate() {
        Point p[] = getPoints();
        final double x = mCenter.x;
        final double y = mCenter.y;
        final double a = mCVLength;

        if (mRotate == 0) {
            p[0] = new Point(x, y - a);
            p[1] = new Point(x + a * cos18, y - a * sin18);
            p[2] = new Point(x + a * sin36, y + a * cos36);
            p[3] = new Point(x - a * sin36, y + a * cos36);
            p[4] = new Point(x - a * cos18, y - a * sin18);
        } else {
            final double r = mRotate;
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                p[i] = new Point(x + a * sin(r + 72 * i), y - a * cos(r + 72 * i));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取五角星的顶点坐标
     *
     * @return 五角星的顶点坐标
     */
    public Point[] getPoints() {
        if (mPoints == null || mPoints.length != 5) {
            mPoints = new Point[5];
        }
        return mPoints;
    }

    /**
     * {@link Math#sin(double)} 参数是弧度,这里转换为以度数为参数的函数
     *
     * @param a degree
     * @return sin(a)
     */
    private static double sin(double a) {
        return Math.sin(Math.toRadians(a));
    }

    /**
     * {@link Math#cos(double)} 参数是弧度,这里转换为以度数为参数的函数
     *
     * @param a degree
     * @return cos(a)
     */
    private static double cos(double a) {
        return Math.cos(Math.toRadians(a));
    }

    public static class Point {
        public float x, y;

        public Point() {
        }

        public Point(float x, float y) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }

        public Point(double x, double y) {
            this.x = (float) x;
            this.y = (float) y;
        }

    }
}

           

4.4.2 自定义ViewGroup:FlowLayout

我们给他取了一个很好听的名字,FlowLayout流布局。实际上就是把子View挨个放。虽然写的时候感觉挺麻烦的,但是其实思路上面很简单,没什么复杂的地方。

4.4.2.0 onMeasure

只需要处理长(宽)是wrap_content的情况。思路很简单,挨个取出所有的子View:

  1. 如果宽是wrap_content,那么用变量保存最长行的宽度,本行宽度和本行剩余宽度;如果本行剩余宽度比这个子View小,那么就到下一行继续排,比较本行宽度和最长宽度;最后哪一行的宽度最宽,setMeasuredDimension的width就是它了(当然,不能超过parent的宽度);
  2. 如果高是wrap_content,那么和1中相同的排法,不同的就是记录每行最高的View高度,然后把他们全加起来,得到的就是总的高度了(当然,不能超过parent的高度);
  3. 如果宽高都是wrap_content,那么就是1和2的结合。

4.4.2.1 onLayout

排布方式已经在onMeasure中说过了,所以onLayout只需要简单的算一下子View的上下左右坐标即可。

需要注意的是,为了支持margin属性,我们需要自定义LayoutParams,继承自ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams,然后重写

generateLayoutParams()

方法。

4.4.2.2 完整代码

public class FlowLayout extends ViewGroup {
    public FlowLayout(Context context) {
        super(context);
        init();
    }

    public FlowLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();
    }

    public FlowLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {

    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

        int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
        int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

        final int childCount = getChildCount();
        measureChildrenWithMargins(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

        if (childCount == 0) {
            setMeasuredDimension(0, 0);
        } else if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST && heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            int totalWidth = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
            int totalHeight = getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();
            int rowWidth = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
            int rowHeight = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
                View child = getChildAt(i);
                int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();

                if (widthSize - rowWidth < childWidth) { // 行剩余空间不足,需要换行
                    totalHeight += childHeight;
                    rowHeight = childHeight;
                    rowWidth = childWidth + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();

                } else {
                    rowWidth += childWidth;
                    if (childHeight > rowHeight) {
                        rowHeight = childHeight;
                        totalHeight += childHeight - rowHeight;
                    }
                }
                if (totalWidth < rowWidth) {
                    totalWidth = rowWidth;
                }
            }
            setMeasuredDimension(totalWidth, totalHeight);
        } else if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            int totalWidth = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
            int rowWidth = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
            int rowHeight = getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();
            for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
                View child = getChildAt(i);
                int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();

                if (widthSize - rowWidth < childWidth) { // 行剩余空间不足,需要换行
                    rowHeight = childHeight;
                    rowWidth = childWidth + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
                } else {
                    rowWidth += childWidth;
                    if (childHeight > rowHeight) {
                        rowHeight = childHeight;
                    }

                }
                if (totalWidth < rowWidth) {
                    totalWidth = rowWidth;
                }
            }
            setMeasuredDimension(totalWidth, heightSize);
        } else if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            int totalHeight = getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();
            int rowWidth = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
            int rowHeight = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
                View child = getChildAt(i);
                int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();

                if (widthSize - rowWidth < childWidth) { // 行剩余空间不足,需要换行
                    totalHeight += childHeight;
                    rowHeight = childHeight;
                    rowWidth = childWidth + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
                } else {
                    rowWidth += childWidth;
                    if (childHeight > rowHeight) {
                        rowHeight = childHeight;
                        totalHeight += childHeight - rowHeight;
                    }
                }
            }
            setMeasuredDimension(widthSize, totalHeight);
        }

    }

    protected void measureChildrenWithMargins(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        int widthSpecSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        int childCount = getChildCount();
        int widthUsed = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
        int heightUsed = getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();
        int rowHeight = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
            View child = getChildAt(i);
            LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
            if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {
                continue;
            }
            if (widthUsed + lp.width + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin > widthSpecSize) {
                widthUsed = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
                rowHeight = 0;
            }
            measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, widthUsed, heightMeasureSpec, heightUsed);
            int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
            int measuredHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
            widthUsed += measuredWidth;
            if (measuredHeight > rowHeight) {
                rowHeight = measuredHeight;
                heightUsed += measuredHeight - rowHeight;
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();
        int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();
        int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();
        int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();

        final int childCount = getChildCount();
        int width = getMeasuredWidth();
        int height = getMeasuredHeight();
        int rowHeight = 0;
        int childTop = paddingTop;
        int childLeft = paddingLeft;

        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
            final View child = getChildAt(i);
            if (child.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {
                int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
                LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

                int left, top, right, bottom;
                if (childLeft + childWidth > width) { // 换行
                    childTop += rowHeight;

                    left = paddingLeft + lp.leftMargin;
                    top = childTop + lp.topMargin;
                    right = left + childWidth;
                    bottom = top + childHeight;
                    child.layout(left, top, right, bottom);
                    childLeft = right + lp.rightMargin;

                    rowHeight = childHeight + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin;
                } else {
                    left = childLeft + lp.leftMargin;
                    top = childTop + lp.topMargin;
                    right = left + childWidth;
                    bottom = top + childHeight;
                    child.layout(left, top, right, bottom);
                    childLeft = right + lp.rightMargin;

                    rowHeight = Math.max(rowHeight, childHeight + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {
        return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);
    }

    @Override
    protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {
        return new LayoutParams(p);
    }

    public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams {
        public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {
            super(c, attrs);
        }

        public LayoutParams(int width, int height) {
            super(width, height);
        }

        public LayoutParams(MarginLayoutParams source) {
            super(source);
        }

        public LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams source) {
            super(source);
        }
    }
}

           

5 其他

本文同时发布于简书:https://www.jianshu.com/p/49b89104d828

本章GitHub地址:https://github.com/LittleFogCat/AndroidBookNote/tree/master/chapter04_view