1 使用
首先从一个简单使用例子开始入手，下面的是源码中的一个例子：
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();//步骤1
// Create request for remote resource.
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(ENDPOINT)
.build();//步骤2
// Execute the request and retrieve the response.
try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {//步骤3
// Deserialize HTTP response to concrete type.
ResponseBody body = response.body();
List<Contributor> contributors = CONTRIBUTORS_JSON_ADAPTER.fromJson(body.source());
// Sort list by the most contributions.
Collections.sort(contributors, (c1, c2) -> c2.contributions - c1.contributions);
// Output list of contributors.
for (Contributor contributor : contributors) {
System.out.println(contributor.login + ": " + contributor.contributions);
}
}
步骤1： 创建一个OkHttpClient对象。
步骤2：通过建造者模式创建一个请求，这边可以配置Url等数据。
步骤3：加载请求并执行等待响应。
至此一个基本的请求过程编写完成。
2 同步与异步请求
Call对象由client的newCall生成，其中有两种方式。第一种是execute()，它会阻塞当前线程。第二种是enqueue，它并不会阻塞线程，而是将任务交给线程池去处理，处理完再将结果 返回回来。那么接下来看看client.newCall(request)是怎么一回事：
@Override public Call newCall(Request request) {
return RealCall.newRealCall(this, request, false /* for web socket */);
}
可见它是通过OKHttpClient,Request等创建了一个新的RealCall对象。那么这个实际执行请求回调操作的也就是RealCall对象。先看看它的同步方式：
@Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
transmitter.timeoutEnter();
transmitter.callStart();
try {
client.dispatcher().executed(this);
return getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
runningSyncCalls.add(call);
}
流程如下：execute() --> client.dispatcher().executed(this) --> runningSyncCalls.add(call) --> getResponseWithInterceptorChain() --> client.dispatcher().finished(this)
首先是将该call加入runningSyncCalls，这表示该任务已经子啊执行了。然后调用getResponseWithInterceptorChain方法也就是开始请求了。这都是发生在当前线程所以会阻塞线程。最后会调用dispatcher的finish方法，该方法会去通知线程池开始去运行等待任务，这个finish方法方法后面会分析。
@Override public void enqueue (Callback responseCallback) {
。。。
client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
}
void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
synchronized (this) {
readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
// Mutate the AsyncCall so that it shares the AtomicInt2 同步与异步请求eger of an existing running call to
// the same host.
if (!call.get().forWebSocket) {
AsyncCall existingCall = findExistingCallWithHost(call.host());
if (existingCall != null) call.reuseCallsPerHostFrom(existingCall);
}
}
promoteAndExecute();
}
流程如下：client.dispatcher().enqueue --> readyAsyncCalls.add(call) --> promoteAndExecute()
解释一下，就是先把call加入到readyAsyncCalls中去，然后promoteAndExecute()通知线程池去取出一个call来处理。
那么就有必要看下promoteAndExecute()方法是如何实现的：
private boolean promoteAndExecute() {
assert (!Thread.holdsLock(this));
List<AsyncCall> executableCalls = new ArrayList<>();
boolean isRunning;
synchronized (this) {
for (Iterator<AsyncCall> i = readyAsyncCalls.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {//步骤1
AsyncCall asyncCall = i.next();
if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) break; // Max capacity.
if (asyncCall.callsPerHost().get() >= maxRequestsPerHost) continue; // Host max capacity.
i.remove();
asyncCall.callsPerHost().incrementAndGet();
executableCalls.add(asyncCall);
runningAsyncCalls.add(asyncCall);
}
isRunning = runningCallsCount() > 0;
}
for (int i = 0, size = executableCalls.size(); i < size; i++) {//步骤2
AsyncCall asyncCall = executableCalls.get(i);
asyncCall.executeOn(executorService());
}
return isRunning;
}
步骤1：遍历readyAsyncCalls，有两种特殊情况会停止或者继续循环。
- 当runningAsyncCalls超过maxRequests的话说明线程要处理的任务已经满了直接跳出循环。
- 当asyncCall.callsPerHost().get()也就是当前call所对应的host已经接收了足够过的call请求，那么循环继续。
如果这两个都不满足执行下面的步骤，主要是往executableCalls中添加要执行的请求以及往runningAsyncCalls里添加要执行的请求。
步骤2：遍历刚才的得到的executableCalls，并用调用线程池执行任务。具体是调用AsyncCall的executeOn(executorService())方法实现的。
现在看看异步回调AsyncCall的源码：
final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
private final Callback responseCallback;
private volatile AtomicInteger callsPerHost = new AtomicInteger(0);
。。。
/**
* Attempt to enqueue this async call on {@code executorService}. This will attempt to clean up
* if the executor has been shut down by reporting the call as failed.
*/
void executeOn(ExecutorService executorService) {
assert (!Thread.holdsLock(client.dispatcher()));
boolean success = false;
try {
executorService.execute(this);
success = true;
} catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
InterruptedIOException ioException = new InterruptedIOException("executor rejected");
ioException.initCause(e);
transmitter.noMoreExchanges(ioException);
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, ioException);
} finally {
if (!success) {
client.dispatcher().finished(this); // This call is no longer running!
}
}
}
@Override protected void execute() {
boolean signalledCallback = false;
transmitter.timeoutEnter();
try {
Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
。。。
} catch (Throwable t) {
。。。
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
}
public abstract class NamedRunnable implements Runnable {
protected final String name;
public NamedRunnable(String format, Object... args) {
this.name = Util.format(format, args);
}
@Override public final void run() {
String oldName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
Thread.currentThread().setName(name);
try {
execute();
} finally {
Thread.currentThread().setName(oldName);
}
}
protected abstract void execute();
}
AsyncCall继承自NamedRunnable。所以调用流程如下所示：
executeOn --> executorService.execute(this) --> run() --> execute()
此时就开始在线程池中取一个线程执行,先调用getResponseWithInterceptorChain()执行请求，再调用responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response)将的到的响应数据回调回去。
和同步execute一样最后都会执行finished(this)，那么看下finished里面是怎么操作的：
/** Used by {@code AsyncCall#run} to signal completion. */
void finished(AsyncCall call) {//步骤1
call.callsPerHost().decrementAndGet();
finished(runningAsyncCalls, call);
}
/** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal completion. */
void finished(RealCall call) {//步骤2
finished(runningSyncCalls, call);
}
private <T> void finished(Deque<T> calls, T call) {//步骤3
Runnable idleCallback;
synchronized (this) {
if (!calls.remove(call)) throw new AssertionError("Call wasn't in-flight!");
idleCallback = this.idleCallback;
}
boolean isRunning = promoteAndExecute();
if (!isRunning && idleCallback != null) {
idleCallback.run();
}
}
不管是步骤1还是步骤2，最后都会跳到步骤3.而步骤3最主要的一步就是 promoteAndExecute()。也就是说每个任务完成之后都会执行promoteAndExecute()，以确保等待列表中的任务会被不断的执行。
3 拦截器原理
从上面的分析可知，getResponseWithInterceptorChain()方法用于获取网络数据，那么看看源码：
Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
// Build a full stack of interceptors.
List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
interceptors.add(new RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(client));
interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
if (!forWebSocket) {
interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
}
interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));
Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, transmitter, null, 0,
originalRequest, this, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis());//步骤1
boolean calledNoMoreExchanges = false;
try {
Response response = chain.proceed(originalRequest);//步骤2
if (transmitter.isCanceled()) {
closeQuietly(response);
throw new IOException("Canceled");
}
return response;
} catch (IOException e) {
calledNoMoreExchanges = true;
throw transmitter.noMoreExchanges(e);
} finally {
if (!calledNoMoreExchanges) {
transmitter.noMoreExchanges(null);
}
}
}
用户定义的拦截器再加上系统自带的6个拦截器一共有全部塞如interceptors中去。
步骤1 直观的比喻就是将这些拦截器用链条连接起来，这个是链条的第一个节点他的 index = 0。
步骤2 开始往链条上传递请求参数。层层传递过去获取到数据之后层层传递回来：
那么就看看proceed是怎么处理的：
@Override public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
return proceed(request, transmitter, exchange);
}
public Response proceed(Request request, Transmitter transmitter, @Nullable Exchange exchange)
throws IOException {
。。。
// Call the next interceptor in the chain.
RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, transmitter, exchange,
index + 1, request, call, connectTimeout, readTimeout, writeTimeout);//步骤1
Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);//步骤2
Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);//步骤3
。。。
return response;
}
步骤1：封装index，RealInterceptorChain对象next的indext在每次递归调用之后都会加1
步骤2：这边的index是指当前Interceptor对应的下一个Interceptor。
步骤3：将包含当前Interceptor对应的下下个Interceptor的index以及请求等参数封装成next对象，让下一个interceptor处理next中的请求并继续递归。
比如说RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor。如果没有用户自定义的拦截器，那么这将是第一个拦截器，看看它的intercept方法：
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
。。。//步骤1
RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;
response = realChain.proceed(request, transmitter, null);//步骤2
。。。//步骤3
}
步骤1：对请求的数据进行处理
步骤2：将请求抛给下个拦截器。此时realChain的index是1。它调用RealInterceptorChain的proceed方法，此时去看下是怎么变化的：
@Override public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
return proceed(request, transmitter, exchange);
}
public Response proceed(Request request, Transmitter transmitter, @Nullable Exchange exchange)
throws IOException {
。。。
RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, transmitter, exchange,
index + 1, request, call, connectTimeout, readTimeout, writeTimeout);//此时的next对应的index是2，他对应的是CacheInterceptor拦截器
Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index );//此时的值是1，他对应的是BridgeInterceptor拦截器
Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);
。。。
return response;
}
可以看到此时interceptor.intercept(next)方法的功能是执行BridgeInterceptor拦截器，并且下一个递归到的是CacheInterceptor拦截
步骤3：对响应的数据进行处理
这种递归到最后肯定是直接返回的，看看最后一个拦截器是怎么操作的：
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
。。。
Response response = responseBuilder
.request(request)
.handshake(exchange.connection().handshake())
.sentRequestAtMillis(sentRequestMillis)
.receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
.build();
。。。
return response;
}
可见proceed没有被调用它直接处理了请求并将响应反馈回来（并没有执行proceed操作也就是说没有递归了），那么接下来响应也会层层的递归回来。最终反馈到getResponseWithInterceptorChain()得到结果。
整体流程如下图所示：
先是将请求数据层层递归下去，最后在RealInterceptorChain做最终的处理，得到结果后又层层递归回来。
![与专家面对面：Android开发入门问与答[图]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)