组网需求
如图1所示,FW_A通过主备两条链路接入Internet,主备接口使用固定的公网IP地址;FW_B通过一条链路接入Internet,出接口同样使用固定的公网IP地址。
图1 IPSec主备链路备份组网图
要求实现如下需求:
- FW_A和FW_B之间通过IPSec方式建立安全通信隧道,实现总部与分支之间的互访。
- FW_A上的主链路发生故障时,业务可以自动切换到备链路;主链路恢复时,业务会自动回切到主链路。
数据规划
项目 | 数据 |
FW_A | 接口号:GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 IP地址:10.1.1.1/24 安全区域:Trust |
接口号:GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 IP地址:1.1.3.1/24 安全区域:Untrust | |
接口号:GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 IP地址:1.1.4.1/24 安全区域:Untrust | |
IPSec配置 对端地址:2.2.2.2 认证方式:预共享密钥 预共享密钥:Test!1234 本端ID类型:IP 对端ID类型:Any | |
FW_B | 接口号:GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 IP地址:2.2.2.2/24 安全区域:Untrust |
接口号:GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 IP地址:10.2.1.1/24 安全区域:Trust | |
Tunnel1和Tunnel2接口 IP地址:2.2.2.2/24 FW_B通过Tunnel接口与FW_A在公网上建立IPSec隧道,因此需要使用公网地址,本例中Tunnel1和Tunnel2接口借用了GigabitEthernet 1/0/1接口的地址。 安全区域:Untrust | |
IPSec配置 对端地址:1.1.3.1 认证方式:预共享密钥 预共享密钥:Test!1234 本端ID类型:IP 对端ID类型:Any |
配置思路
在本例中,FW_A需要与FW_B建立两条隧道,而FW_B只有一个物理接口,所以需要在FW_B上配置两个Tunnel接口,来分别与FW_A的主备接口建立隧道。当FW_A发生主备链路切换时,FW_B也会切换Tunnel接口,双方重新进行IPSec隧道协商。
- 配置FW_A。
a.基本配置,包括配置接口IP地址,将接口加入相应的安全域。
b.配置路由。
配置两条FW_A到FW_B的路由,两条路由的优先级不同,实现路由备份。同时,为主路由绑定IP-Link,用于检测主路由上的链路状态。当主路由上的链路发生故障时,系统会自动切换到备用路由。
c.配置IPSec策略相关参数。
d.在接口上应用IPSec安全策略。
FW_A的GigabitEthernet 1/0/1、GigabitEthernet 1/0/2分别为主接口和备接口。需要在主备接口上应用相同的IPSec安全策略,当主接口发生故障时,系统自动将IPSec隧道切换至备接口。
- 配置FW_B。
a.基本配置,包括配置接口IP地址,将接口加入相应的安全区域。
在FW_B上配置Tunnel1(主接口)和Tunnel2(备接口)两个Tunnel接口,分别与FW_A上的主备接口对应。当FW_A发生主备链路切换时,FW_B也会切换到对应的Tunnel接口。
b.配置路由。
在FW_B上将需要保护的数据流通过路由引流到Tunnel接口。因为FW_B上有两个Tunnel接口,所以需要配置两条到总部的路由,出接口为Tunnel1和Tunnel2,两条路由的优先级不同,实现路由备份。同时,为主路由绑定IP-Link,用于检测主路由上的链路状态。当主路由上的链路发生故障时,系统会自动切换到备用路由。
c.配置IPSec策略相关参数。
FW_B需要与FW_A的主备接口建立IPSec隧道,所以需要创建两个IPSec策略。
d.在接口上应用IPSec策略。
在Tunnel1和Tunnel2上分别应用IPSec安全策略,当主接口发生故障时,系统自动将IPSec隧道切换至备接口。
操作步骤
- 配置FW_A(总部)。
a.基本配置。配置接口IP地址。
<sysname> system-view
[sysname] sysname FW_A
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 1.1.3.1 24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 1.1.4.1 24
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
将接口加入相应安全区域。
[FW_A] firewall zone trust
[FW_A-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW_A-zone-trust] quit
[FW_A] firewall zone untrust
[FW_A-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW_A-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[FW_A-zone-untrust] quit
b.配置防火墙策略。
配置Trust域与Untrust域的转发策略,允许封装前和解封后的报文能通过FW_A。
[FW_A] security-policy
[FW_A-policy-security] rule name 1
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-1] source-zone trust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-1] destination-zone untrust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-1] source-address 10.1.1.0 24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-1] destination-address 10.2.1.0 24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-1] action permit
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-1] quit
[FW_A-policy-security] rule name 2
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-2] source-zone untrust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-2] destination-zone trust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-2] source-address 10.2.1.0 24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-2] destination-address 10.1.1.0 24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-2] action permit
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-2] quit
配置Local域与Untrust域的本地策略,允许IKE协商报文能正常通过FW_A。
Local和Untrust的域间策略用于控制IKE协商报文通过FW,该域间策略可以使用源地址和目的地址作为匹配条件,也可以在此基础上使用协议、端口作为匹配条件。本例中是以源地址和目的地址为例介绍,如果需要使用协议、端口作为匹配条件,则需要放开ESP服务和UDP 500端口(NAT穿越场景中还需要放开4500端口)。
[FW_A-policy-security] rule name 3
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-3] source-zone local
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-3] destination-zone untrust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-3] source-address 1.1.0.0 16
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-3] destination-address 2.2.2.0 24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-3] action permit
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-3] quit
[FW_A-policy-security] rule name 4
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-4] source-zone untrust
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-4] destination-zone local
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-4] source-address 2.2.2.0 24
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-4] destination-address 1.1.0.0 16
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-4] action permit
[FW_A-policy-security-rule-4] quit
[FW_A-policy-security] quit
c.配置IP-Link,用于检测FW_A到FW_B的主链路是否正常。
[FW_A] ip-link check enable
[FW_A] ip-link name n1
[FW_A-iplink-n1] destination 2.2.2.2 interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 next-hop 1.1.3.2
[FW_A-iplink-n1] quit
d.配置到分支的路由。
配置两条到分支的路由,主路由的优先级为10,绑定IP-Link功能;备用路由的优先级为20。当设备检测到主链路故障时,将自动启用备用路由。
[FW_A] ip route-static 10.2.1.0 24 1.1.3.2 preference 10 track ip-link n1
[FW_A] ip route-static 10.2.1.0 24 1.1.4.2 preference 20
[FW_A] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.3.2 preference 10 track ip-link n1
[FW_A] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.4.2 preference 20
e.配置访问控制列表,定义需要保护的数据流。
[FW_A] acl 3000
[FW_A-acl-adv-3000] rule 5 permit ip source 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255
[FW_A-acl-adv-3000] quit
f.配置名称为tran1的IPSec安全提议。
[FW_A] ipsec proposal tran1
[FW_A-ipsec-proposal-tran1] encapsulation-mode tunnel
[FW_A-ipsec-proposal-tran1] transform esp
[FW_A-ipsec-proposal-tran1] esp authentication-algorithm sha2-256
[FW_A-ipsec-proposal-tran1] esp encryption-algorithm aes-256
[FW_A-ipsec-proposal-tran1] quit
g.配置序号为10的IKE安全提议。
[FW_A] ike proposal 10
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] authentication-method pre-share
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] prf hmac-sha2-256
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] encryption-algorithm aes-256
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] dh group14
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] integrity-algorithm hmac-sha2-256
[FW_A-ike-proposal-10] quit
h.配置IKE Peer。
[FW_A] ike peer b
[FW_A-ike-peer-b] ike-proposal 10
[FW_A-ike-peer-b] pre-shared-key Test!1234
[FW_A-ike-peer-b] remote-address 2.2.2.2
[FW_A-ike-peer-b] quit
i.配置IPSec安全策略。
[FW_A] ipsec policy map1 10 isakmp
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] security acl 3000
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] proposal tran1
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] ike-peer b
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] quit
[FW_A] ipsec policy map2 10 isakmp
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map2-10] security acl 3000
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map2-10] proposal tran1
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map2-10] ike-peer b
[FW_A-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map2-10] quit
j.在出接口上应用安全策略组。
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ipsec policy map1
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
[FW_A] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ipsec policy map2
[FW_A-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
2.配置FW_B(分支)。
a.基础配置。配置接口IP地址。
<sysname> system-view
[sysname] sysname FW_B
[FW_B] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 10.2.1.1 24
[FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[FW_B] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 2.2.2.2 24
[FW_B-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
[FW_B] interface tunnel 1
[FW_B-Tunnel1] ip address unnumbered interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW_B-Tunnel1] tunnel-protocol ipsec
[FW_B-Tunnel1] quit
[FW_B] interface tunnel 2
[FW_B-Tunnel2] ip address unnumbered interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW_B-Tunnel2] tunnel-protocol ipsec
[FW_B-Tunnel2] quit
将接口加入相应安全区域。
[FW_B] firewall zone trust
[FW_B-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW_B-zone-trust] quit
[FW_B] firewall zone untrust
[FW_B-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW_B-zone-untrust] add interface Tunnel 1
[FW_B-zone-untrust] add interface Tunnel 2
[FW_B-zone-untrust] quit
b.配置防火墙策略。
配置Trust域与Untrust域的转发策略,允许封装前和解封后的报文能通过FW_B。
[FW_B] security-policy
[FW_B-policy-security] rule name 1
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-1] source-zone trust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-1] destination-zone untrust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-1] source-address 10.2.1.0 24
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-1] destination-address 10.1.1.0 24
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-1] action permit
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-1] quit
[FW_B-policy-security] rule name 2
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-2] source-zone untrust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-2] destination-zone trust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-2] source-address 10.1.1.0 24
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-2] destination-address 10.2.1.0 24
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-2] action permit
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-2] quit
配置Local域与Untrust域的本地策略,允许IKE协商报文能正常通过FW_B。
Local和Untrust的域间策略用于控制IKE协商报文通过FW,该域间策略可以使用源地址和目的地址作为匹配条件,也可以在此基础上使用协议、端口作为匹配条件。本例中是以源地址和目的地址为例介绍,如果需要使用协议、端口作为匹配条件,则需要放开ESP服务和UDP 500端口(NAT穿越场景中还需要放开4500端口)。
[FW_B-policy-security] rule name 3
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-3] source-zone local
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-3] destination-zone untrust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-3] source-address 2.2.2.0 24
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-3] destination-address 1.1.0.0 16
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-3] action permit
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-3] quit
[FW_B-policy-security] rule name 4
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-4] source-zone untrust
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-4] destination-zone local
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-4] source-address 1.1.0.0 16
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-4] destination-address 2.2.2.0 24
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-4] action permit
[FW_B-policy-security-rule-4] quit
[FW_B-policy-security] quit
配置安全策略时应注意,需要配置FW接收和发送IKE协商报文的实际物理接口所在安全区域和Local安全区域之间的安全策略,而不是Tunnel口所在安全区域和Local之间的安全策略。
c.配置IP-Link,用于检测FW_B到FW_A的链路是否正常。
[FW_B] ip-link check enable
[FW_B] ip-link name n1
[FW_B-iplink-n1] destination 1.1.3.1 interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 next-hop 2.2.2.1
[FW_B-iplink-n1] quit
d.配置到Tunnel接口的路由。分支访问总部的数据流被首先引流到Tunnel接口。
[FW_B] ip route-static 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel 1 preference 10 track ip-link n1
[FW_B] ip route-static 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel 2 preference 20
e.配置到总部的路由,假设到总部的下一跳是2.2.2.1。
[FW_B] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2.2.2.1
f.配置访问控制列表,定义需要保护的数据流。
[FW_B] acl 3000
[FW_B-acl-adv-3000] rule 5 permit ip source 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[FW_B-acl-adv-3000] quit
g.配置名称为tran1的IPSec安全提议。
[FW_B] ipsec proposal tran1
[FW_B-ipsec-proposal-tran1] encapsulation-mode tunnel
[FW_B-ipsec-proposal-tran1] transform esp
[FW_B-ipsec-proposal-tran1] esp authentication-algorithm sha2-256
[FW_B-ipsec-proposal-tran1] esp encryption-algorithm aes-256
[FW_B-ipsec-proposal-tran1] quit
h.配置序号为10的IKE安全提议。
[FW_B] ike proposal 10
[FW_B-ike-proposal-10] authentication-method pre-share
[FW_B-ike-proposal-10] prf hmac-sha2-256
[FW_B-ike-proposal-10] encryption-algorithm aes-256
[FW_B-ike-proposal-10] dh group14
[FW_B-ike-proposal-10] integrity-algorithm hmac-sha2-256
[FW_B-ike-proposal-10] quit
i.配置IKE Peer。
需要在FW_B上配置两个对等体。当FW_A主备切换时,FW_B将切换对等体与FW_A进行协商。
[FW_B] ike peer a1
[FW_B-ike-peer-a1] ike-proposal 10
[FW_B-ike-peer-a1] remote-address 1.1.3.1
[FW_B-ike-peer-a1] pre-shared-key Test!1234
[FW_B-ike-peer-a1] quit
[FW_B] ike peer a2
[FW_B-ike-peer-a2] ike-proposal 10
[FW_B-ike-peer-a2] remote-address 1.1.4.1
[FW_B-ike-peer-a2] pre-shared-key Test!1234
[FW_B-ike-peer-a2] quit
j.配置IPSec安全策略组map1和map2。
[FW_B] ipsec policy map1 10 isakmp
[FW_B-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] security acl 3000
[FW_B-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] proposal tran1
[FW_B-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] ike-peer a1
[FW_B-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map1-10] quit
[FW_B] ipsec policy map2 10 isakmp
[FW_B-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map2-10] security acl 3000
[FW_B-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map2-10] proposal tran1
[FW_B-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map2-10] ike-peer a2
[FW_B-ipsec-policy-isakmp-map2-10] quit
k.在接口Tunnel1和Tunnel2上分别应用安全策略组map1和map2。
[FW_B] interface tunnel 1
[FW_B-Tunnel1] ipsec policy map1
[FW_B-Tunnel1] quit
[FW_B] interface tunnel 2
[FW_B-Tunnel2] ipsec policy map2
[FW_B-Tunnel2] quit
结果验证
- 配置完成后,在总部的PC1上执行ping命令,看能否ping通分支下的PC2。如果配置正确,则PC1和PC2可以相互ping通。
- 分别在FW_A、FW_B上执行display ike sa命令会显示IKE安全联盟的建立情况。以FW_A为例,出现以下显示说明IKE安全联盟建立成功。
<FW_A> display ike sa
IKE SA information :
Conn-ID Peer VPN Flag(s) Phase RemoteType RemoteID
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
40002 2.2.2.2:500 RD|ST|A v2:2 IP 2.2.2.2
40001 2.2.2.2:500 RD|ST|A v2:1 IP 2.2.2.2
Number of IKE SA : 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flag Description:
RD--READY ST--STAYALIVE RL--REPLACED FD--FADING TO--TIMEOUT
HRT--HEARTBEAT LKG--LAST KNOWN GOOD SEQ NO. BCK--BACKED UP
M--ACTIVE S--STANDBY A--ALONE NEG--NEGOTIATING
3.分别在FW_A、FW_B上执行display ipsec sa命令会显示IPSec安全联盟的建立情况。以FW_A为例,出现以下显示说明IPSec安全联盟建立成功。
<FW_A> display ipsec sa
===============================
Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/1
===============================
-----------------------------
IPSec policy name: "map1"
Sequence number : 10
Acl group : 3000
Acl rule : 5
Mode : ISAKMP
-----------------------------
Connection ID : 40002
Encapsulation mode: Tunnel
Tunnel local : 1.1.3.1
Tunnel remote : 2.2.2.2
Flow source : 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0 0/0
Flow destination : 10.2.1.0/255.255.255.0 0/0
[Outbound ESP SAs]
SPI: 120037772 (0x727a18c)
Proposal: ESP-ENCRYPT-AES-256 SHA2-256-128
SA remaining key duration (bytes/sec): 1887436464/3549
Max sent sequence-number: 5
UDP encapsulation used for NAT traversal: N
SA decrypted packets (number/kilobytes): 4/0
[Inbound ESP SAs]
SPI: 38742361 (0x24f2959)
Proposal: ESP-ENCRYPT-AES-256 SHA2-256-128
SA remaining key duration (bytes/sec): 1887436464/3549
Max received sequence-number: 4
UDP encapsulation used for NAT traversal: N
SA decrypted packets (number/kilobytes): 4/0
Anti-replay : Enable
Anti-replay window size: 1024
4.执行命令display ipsec statistics可以查看被加密的数据包的变化,即它们之间的数据传输将被加密。以FW_A为例。
<FW_A> display ipsec statistics
IPSec statistics information:
the security packet statistics:
input/output security packets: 4/4
input/output security bytes: 400/400
input/output dropped security packets: 0/0
the encrypt packet statistics:
send chip: 4, recv chip: 4, send err: 0
local cpu: 4, other cpu: 0, recv other cpu: 0
intact packet: 4, first slice: 0, after slice: 0
the decrypt packet statistics:
send chip: 4, recv chip: 4, send err: 0
local cpu: 4, other cpu: 0, recv other cpu: 0
reass first slice: 0, after slice: 0
dropped security packet detail:
can not find SA: 0, wrong SA: 0
authentication: 0, replay: 0
front recheck: 0, after recheck: 0
change cpu enc: 0, dec change cpu: 0
fib search: 0, output l3: 0
flow err: 0, slice err: 0, byte limit: 0
negotiate about packet statistics:
IKE fwd packet ok: 23300, err: 0
IKE ctrl packet inbound ok: 22100, outbound ok: 1105
SoftExpr: 0, HardExpr: 0, DPDOper: 0
trigger ok: 0, switch sa: 2, sync sa: 0
recv IKE nat keepalive: 0, IKE input: 0
5.断开FW_A的GigabitEthernet 1/0/1接口,查看是否完成链路切换。通过以下操作来判断:
执行display ike sa、display ipsec sa命令,查看到新的安全联盟已经存在。
总部和分支之间依然能够成功发送和接收报文。且执行display ipsec statistics命令,能看到报文数量在增长。