Junit单元测试使用

• • 1.简单测试
  • 2.DAO未完成时的测试
  • 3.测试方法
  • 4.覆盖率查看

1.简单测试

先创建springBoot项目，选择javaWeb进行创建

创建实体类、DAO、Service

实体类

public class Student {
    private int id;
    private int age;
    private String name;
    public Student(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

           

对应的DAO类

import com.zxm.mockito.domain.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class StudentDao {
    public Student getStudentById(int id){
        return new Student(id,10,"Tony");
    }
}
           

对应的Service类

import com.zxm.mockito.dao.StudentDao;
import com.zxm.mockito.domain.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class StudentService {
    @Autowired
    StudentDao studentDao;
    public Student getStudentById(int id){
        return studentDao.getStudentById(id);
    }

}
           

对需要测试的类，按ctrl + shift +T，生成测试类

或者鼠标右键Generate再选择test

接下来就是选择好测试的方法

在测试类里进行方法测试的内容，该类用于测试一般不需要公开，对测试类添加@SpringBootTest注解，再@Autowired自动装配StudentService对象

@Test
    void getStudentById() {
        Student student =studentService.getStudentById(1);
        Assertions.assertNotNull(student);
        Assertions.assertEquals(18,student.getAge());
        Assertions.assertEquals("cattle",student.getName());
       
        //lambda表达式一次检测全部的断言
        //Assertions.assertAll(()->Assertions.assertNull(student),
                            //()->Assertions.assertEquals(12,student.getAge()),
                            //()->Assertions.assertEquals("Tom",student.getName())
                           // );
  
    }
           

lamda表达式的查看，第一个是期望参数，第二个是实际参数

2.DAO未完成时的测试

用Mockito执行when方法返回Mock数据,在when里的方法执行前返回一个对象

MockBean的作用：创建一个虚拟的对象替代那些不易构造或不易获取的对象。

@MockBean
    StudentDao studentDao;
    @BeforeEach
    void setUp(){
        Mockito.when(studentDao.getStudentById(1)).thenReturn(new Student(1,18,"cattle"));
    }
           

再进行上面方法测试。

3.测试方法

假设测试，Assumptions.assumeTrue()只有假设成立才进行断言，否则忽略或跳过

@Test
    @DisplayName("Should only run test if some criteria are met")
    void shouldOnlyRun(){
        Assumptions.assumeTrue(20<10);
        Assertions.assertEquals(1,1);
    }
           

数据驱动测试，将ValueSource里的数据都带入参数进行测试

//数据驱动测试
    @ParameterizedTest(name="{0}")
    @DisplayName("should create shapes with different number of size")
    @ValueSource(ints={3,5,4,9,7,8})
    void shouldCreateShape(int expectedInt){
        List<Integer> list =new ArrayList<Integer>();
        list.add(0,expectedInt);
        Assertions.assertEquals(expectedInt,list.get(0));
    }
           

异常值检测，所有ValueSource的值都需要异常抛出才能正常通过

//无效值异常检测
    @ParameterizedTest
    @DisplayName("check invalid nums")
    @ValueSource(ints={-1,0,2,Integer.MAX_VALUE})
    void checkInvalidNums(int expectedInt){

        Assertions.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
                ()->normalNums(expectedInt));
    }
    //检测方法
    public void normalNums(int num){
        if(num<=0||num==Integer.MAX_VALUE){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
    }
           

嵌套测试，对多个相似或不同的模块进行测试,@Nested对类进行嵌套说明。

assertNotSame与assertNotEquals不同，后者更擅长对比数字和boolean值，前者的语义要求更严格一些

//嵌套测试  相似的类进行串联测试
    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Whem a List has been create")
    class WhenListCreate{
        private final List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();
        @Nested
        @DisplayName("Should allow")
        class ShouldAllow{
            @Test
            @DisplayName("See the size")
            void seeTheSide(){
                Assertions.assertEquals(0,list.size());
            }

            @Test
            @DisplayName("See the description")
            void seeTheDescription(){
                Assertions.assertEquals("[]",list.toString());
            }
        }


        @Nested
        @DisplayName("Should not allow")
        class ShouldNotAllow{
            @Test
            @DisplayName("be equal to another list with the same size")
            void beEqualAnotherList(){
                Assertions.assertNotSame(new ArrayList<String>(),list);
            }
        }
    }
           

4.覆盖率查看

在整个项目目录上右键选择测试覆盖，

从自己的包中找到对应的类

每个包对应的类的覆盖率、方法覆盖率、行覆盖率都可以查看