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自定义属性详细介绍

在android相关应用开发过程中,固定的一些属性可能满足不了开发的需求,所以在一些特殊情况下,需要自定义控件与属性,本文将以此问题进行详细介绍,需要的朋友可以参考下 自定义控件在android中无处不见,自定义控件给了我们很大的方便。比如说,一个视图为imageview ,imagebutton ,textview 等诸多控件的组合,用的地方有很多,我们不可能每次都来写3个的组合,既浪费时间,效率又低。在这种情况下,我们就可以自定义一个view来替换他们,不仅提升了效率并且在xml中运用也是相当的美观。 

一、控件自定义属性介绍 

以下示例中代码均在values/attrs.xml 中定义,属性均可随意命名。 

1. reference:参考某一资源ID。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> 

<attr name = "background" format = "reference" /> 

<attr name = "src" format = "reference" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

2. color:颜色值。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> 

<attr name = "textColor" format = "color" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

3. boolean:布尔值。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> 

<attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

4. dimension:尺寸值。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> 

<attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

5. float:浮点值。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> 

<attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" /> 

<attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

6. integer:整型值。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> 

<attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" /> 

<attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

7. string:字符串。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> 

<attr name = "text" format = "string" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

8. fraction:百分数。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name="名称"> 

<attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" /> 

<attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

9. enum:枚举值。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name="名称"> 

<attr name="orientation"> 

<enum name="horizontal" value="0" /> 

<enum name="vertical" value="1" /> 

</attr> 

</declare-styleable> 

10. flag:位或运算。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name="名称"> 

<attr name="windowSoftInputMode"> 

<flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" /> 

<flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" /> 

<flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" /> 

<flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" /> 

</attr> 

</declare-styleable> 

11.多类型。 

示例: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> 

<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

二、属性的使用以及自定义控件的实现 

1、构思控件的组成元素,思考所需自定义的属性。 

比如:我要做一个 <带阴影的按钮,按钮正下方有文字说明>(类似9宫格按钮) 

新建values/attrs.xml 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 

<resources> 

<declare-styleable name="custom_view"> 

<attr name="custom_id" format="integer" /> 

<attr name="src" format="reference" /> 

<attr name="background" format="reference" /> 

<attr name="text" format="string" /> 

<attr name="textColor" format="color" /> 

<attr name="textSize" format="dimension" /> 

</declare-styleable> 

</resources> 

以上,所定义为custom_view,custom_id为按钮id,src为按钮,background为阴影背景,text为按钮说明,textColor为字体颜色,textSize为字体大小。 

2、怎么自定义控件呢,怎么使用这些属性呢?话不多说请看代码,CustomView : 

复制代码代码如下:

package com.nanlus.custom; 

import com.nanlus.custom.R; 

import android.content.Context; 

import android.content.res.TypedArray; 

import android.graphics.Color; 

import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; 

import android.util.AttributeSet; 

import android.view.Gravity; 

import android.view.View; 

import android.view.View.OnClickListener; 

import android.widget.FrameLayout; 

import android.widget.ImageButton; 

import android.widget.ImageView; 

import android.widget.TextView; 

public class CustomView extends FrameLayout implements OnClickListener { 

private CustomListener customListener = null; 

private Drawable mSrc = null, mBackground = null; 

private String mText = ""; 

private int mTextColor = 0; 

private float mTextSize = 20; 

private int mCustomId = 0; 

private ImageView mBackgroundView = null; 

private ImageButton mButtonView = null; 

private TextView mTextView = null; 

private LayoutParams mParams = null; 

public CustomView(Context context) { 

super(context); 

public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { 

super(context, attrs); 

TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, 

R.styleable.custom_view); 

mSrc = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_src); 

mBackground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_background); 

mText = a.getString(R.styleable.custom_view_text); 

mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_textColor, 

Color.WHITE); 

mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.custom_view_textSize, 20); 

mCustomId = a.getInt(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_id, 0); 

mTextView = new TextView(context); 

mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize); 

mTextView.setTextColor(mTextColor); 

mTextView.setText(mText); 

mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER); 

mTextView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, 

LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); 

mButtonView = new ImageButton(context); 

mButtonView.setImageDrawable(mSrc); 

mButtonView.setBackgroundDrawable(null); 

mButtonView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, 

LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); 

mButtonView.setOnClickListener(this); 

mBackgroundView = new ImageView(context); 

mBackgroundView.setImageDrawable(mBackground); 

mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams( 

LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); 

addView(mBackgroundView); 

addView(mButtonView); 

addView(mTextView); 

this.setOnClickListener(this); 

a.recycle(); 

@Override 

protected void onAttachedToWindow() { 

super.onAttachedToWindow(); 

mParams = (LayoutParams) mButtonView.getLayoutParams(); 

if (mParams != null) { 

mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP; 

mButtonView.setLayoutParams(mParams); 

mParams = (LayoutParams) mBackgroundView.getLayoutParams(); 

if (mParams != null) { 

mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP; 

mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(mParams); 

mParams = (LayoutParams) mTextView.getLayoutParams(); 

if (mParams != null) { 

mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM; 

mTextView.setLayoutParams(mParams); 

public void setCustomListener(CustomListener l) { 

customListener = l; 

@Override 

public void onClick(View v) { 

if (customListener != null) { 

customListener.onCuscomClick(v, mCustomId); 

public interface CustomListener { 

void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id); 

代码很简单,就不多说,下面来看看我们的CustomView是怎么用的,请看: 

3、自定义控件的使用 

话不多说,请看代码,main.xml: 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 

xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom" 

android:layout_width="fill_parent" 

android:layout_height="fill_parent" > 

<LinearLayout 

android:layout_width="wrap_content" 

android:layout_height="wrap_content" 

android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" 

android:layout_centerVertical="true" 

android:orientation="horizontal" > 

<com.nanlus.custom.CustomView 

android:id="@+id/custom1" 

android:layout_width="wrap_content" 

android:layout_height="wrap_content" 

android:layout_weight="1" 

nanlus:background="@drawable/background" 

nanlus:custom_id="1" 

nanlus:src="@drawable/style_button" 

nanlus:text="按钮1" > 

</com.nanlus.custom.CustomView> 

</LinearLayout> 

</RelativeLayout> 

在这里需要解释一下, 

xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom" 

nanlus为在xml中的前缀,com.nanlus.custom为包名 

4、在Activity中,直接上代码 

[java] 

复制代码代码如下:

package com.nanlus.custom; 

import android.os.Bundle; 

import android.view.View; 

import android.widget.ImageButton; 

import android.widget.ImageView; 

import android.widget.TextView; 

import android.widget.Toast; 

import com.nanlus.BaseActivity; 

import com.nanlus.custom.R; 

import com.nanlus.custom.CustomView.CustomListener; 

public class CustomActivity extends BaseActivity implements CustomListener { 

@Override 

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 

setContentView(R.layout.main); 

((CustomView) this.findViewById(R.id.custom1)).setCustomListener(this); 

@Override 

public void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id) { 

switch (custom_id) { 

case 1: 

Toast.makeText(this, "hello !!!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); 

break; 

default: 

break; 

}  学习日志:学习自定义View的过程中有好多东西,就查了一下,就找到有自定义属性这一个东西,然后就看了,发现有多个需要注意的地方,例如在哪里定义attrs文件,不同属性的不同定义方式。