7.1 鼠标的基础知识
| 功能 | GetSysMetrics的 参数 | 返回值 |
| 判断是否安装鼠标 | SM_MOUSEPRESENT | WINNT以上：TRUE己安装。0未安装 Windows98：总是TRUE。 |
| 鼠标按钮个数 | SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS | WINNT以上：0为未安装鼠标 Windows98：有安装鼠标返回按钮个数，没安装鼠标返回2。 |
| 鼠标按钮是否被切换 | SM_SWAPBUTTON |
设定鼠标其他参数（如双击）：用SystemParametrsInfo函数获取或设定
（2）鼠标指针：wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW)。
7.2 客户区的鼠标消息
（1）客户区鼠标消息（10个）
| 事件 | 消息 |
| 鼠标经过 | WM_MOUSEMOVE |
| 左键 | WM_LBUTTONDOWN、WM_LBUTTONUP、WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK(双击) |
| 中键 | WM_MBUTTONDOWN、WM_MBUTTONUP、WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK（第二次按下） |
| 右键 | WM_RBUTTONDOWN、WM_RBUTTONUP、WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK |
说明：①双击事件的处理只有窗口类定义接收时，才起作用：即
| 差异 | 没包含双击事件 | 包含双击事件 |
| wndClass.style | CS_HREDRAW| CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW|CS_DBLCLKS |
| 消息顺序 | WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_LBUTTONUP | WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK |
②MBUTTON只对三键鼠标起作用。单键鼠标只处理LBUTTON消息。
③WM_MOUSEMOVE：消息的个数取决于鼠标硬件和窗口处理的速度。Windows不会为
经过的每个像素位置都产生一个WM_MOUSEMOVE消息。
④WM_LBUTTONDOWN和WM_LBUTTONUP并不一定会成对出现。可能只收到其中的一种
消息。
⑤键盘消息发送到当前具有输入焦点的窗口。鼠标消息发送给被单击的窗或鼠标经
过的窗口，即使该窗口处于非活动或不带输入焦点。两种例外：A、“捕获鼠标”
时，鼠标离开窗口仍继续接收鼠标消息;B、模式对话框处于活动状态时，其他
程序不能接收鼠标消息。
（2）鼠标消息的参数
| wParam(按钮、Shift、Ctrl键状态) | lParam（鼠标位置） |
| MK_LBUTTON（0x0001）：按下左键 MK_RBUTTON（0x0002）：按下右键 MK_SHIFT （0x0004）：按下Shift MK_CONTROL（0x0008）：按下Ctrl MK_MBUTTON（0x0010）：按下中键 ★或运算结果 | x = LOWORD(lParam); y = HIWORD(lParam); |
eg.当WM_LBUTTONDOWN时，是否同时按下Shift键：wParam & MK_SHIFT。
7.2.1 简单的鼠标处理示例
【Connect程序】
（1）操作方法：
①第一种——在客户区按下左键，略微移动，再松开左键
②第二种——在客户区按下左键，快速移动鼠标。
（2）己知的问题：在客户区外释放左键，Connnect不会连接这些点，因为没收到WM_LBUTTONUP消息。
（3）该程序较耗时，绘制时，鼠标变沙漏形，处理WM_PAINT完后回原来的状态。用SetCursor来切换鼠标。ShowCursor隐藏或显示鼠标指针。
【效果图】
/*------------------------------------------------------------
CONNECT.C -- Connect-the-Dots Mouse Demo program
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
------------------------------------------------------------*/
#define MAXPOINTS 1000
#include <windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Connect");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, // window class name
TEXT("Connect-the-Points Mouse Demo"), // window caption
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x size
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y size
NULL, // parent window handle
NULL, // window menu handle
hInstance, // program instance handle
NULL); // creation parameters
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
static POINT pt[MAXPOINTS];
static int iCount = 0;
switch (message)
{
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
iCount = 0;
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE); //每次按下左键时，先消屏
return 0;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE: //验证移动时，并不是每个像素都产生WM_MOUSEMOVE消息。
if (wParam & MK_LBUTTON && iCount<MAXPOINTS) //只有按下左键+鼠标移动时，才画点
{
pt[iCount].x = LOWORD(lParam);
pt[iCount++].y = HIWORD(lParam);
//画点
hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
SetPixel(hdc, LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam), 0);
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
}
return 0;
case WM_LBUTTONUP: //鼠标放开时，开始连线
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, FALSE); //FALSE，不擦除背景，可以保留WM_MOUSEMOVE里画下的点。
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
SetCursor(LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_WAIT));
ShowCursor(TRUE); //鼠标指针显示为等待状态
for (int i = 0; i < iCount; i++) //每一点而其他各点的连线
for (int j = i + 1; j < iCount; j++)
{
MoveToEx(hdc, pt[i].x, pt[i].y, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, pt[j].x, pt[j].y);
}
ShowCursor(FALSE);
SetCursor(LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW));
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
} 7.2.2 处理Shift键
| 处理过程依赖Shift和Ctrl键的逻辑处理 | 单键鼠标模拟双键鼠标 |
| if (wParam & MK_SHIFT) //按下Shift { if (wParam & MK_CONTROL) { [按下Shift + Ctrl键]; } else{ [只按下Shift键]; } }else{ //未按Shift [只按下Ctrl键]; }else{ [Shift和Ctrl都没被按下]; } | case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: //未按Shift时，直接处理左键 if (!(wParam & MK_SHIFT)) [这里处理左键]; return 0; } //注意，这里没有return。 //用户按下了鼠标左键+Shift，执行以下代码，模拟右键。 case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: [这里处理右键]; return 0; ★注意：双键鼠标也是可以正常处理的。单键鼠标可以通过按住鼠标左键+Shift，来模拟鼠标右键的功能。 |
注意：GetKeyState可以通过VK_LBUTTON、VK_RBUTTON、VK_SHIFT、VK_CONTROL等获取鼠标当前状态。但鼠标或键盘未被按下的键不能使用GetKeyState。只有被按下时才会报告其按下状态。（while(GetKeyState(VK_LBUTTON)>=0)）是错误的代码。
7.3 非客户区的鼠标消息
（1）非客户区鼠标消息（11个）
| WM_NCMOUSEMOVE | |
| 击中测试 | WM_NCHITTEST |
| WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN、WM_NCLBUTTONUP、WM_NCLBUTTONDBLCLK(双击) | |
| WM_NCMBUTTONDOWN、WM_NCMBUTTONUP、WM_NCMBUTTONDBLCLK（第二次按下） | |
| WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN、WM_NCRBUTTONUP、WM_NCRBUTTONDBLCLK |
（2）非客户区鼠标消息的参数
| wParam（窗口的哪个部位） （20多个位置，见MSDN） | lParam（鼠标屏幕坐标） |
| HTCLINET 客户区 HTNOWHERE 不在任何窗口 HTRANSPARENT 被另一个窗口覆盖 HTERROR 使函数DefWindowProc产生警示声 …… | Pt.x =LOWORD(lParam); Pt.y =HIWORD(lParam); //屏幕坐标与客户区坐标转换 ScreenToClient(hwnd,&pt); ClientToScreen(hwnd,&pt); |
7.3.1 击中测试消息：WM_NCHITTEST
（1）消息优先级高于其他鼠标消息
（2）wParam参数如上表所示。
（3）DefWindowProc在处理WM_NCHITTEST后，如果返回HTCLIENT，则会把屏幕坐标转成客户区坐标，并产生一个客户区鼠标消息。
（4）使鼠标按钮操作失效——阻止系统向窗口发送所有客户区和非客户区鼠标消息：
case WM_NCHITTEST:return (LRESULT)HTNOWHERE;
7.3.2 消息引发的消息
（1）Windows利用WM_NCHITTEST来产生其他所有的鼠标消息。
（2）举例：双击系统图标来关闭窗口，由WM_NCHITTEST引发的消息
| 顺序 | 当前消息 | wParam | 返回 |
| 1、双击系统图标，产生WM_NCHITTEST，由DefWindowProc处理后，产生下一条消息。 | Not used | HTSYSMENU | |
| 2、默认处理后，再产生下条消息 | WM_NCLBUTTONDBLCLK | ||
| 3、默认处理后，产生下条消息 | WM_SYSCOMMAND | SC_CLOSE | |
| 4、DefWindowProc调用DestroyWindow处理这条消息，并产生下条消息 | WM_CLOSE | ||
| 5、默认处理或用户处理，并销毁。 | WM_DESTROY |
7.4 程序中的击中测试
7.4.1 一个简单的程序
（1）矩形宽度为cxBlock，高度为cyBlock
（2）WM_LBUTTONDOWN判断鼠标落在哪个矩形内
（3）如果客户区宽度和长度不能被5整除，会在左边和底部出现一个空白区。
（4）点击鼠标时产生一个无效区（矩形），并发送WM_PAINT重新绘制该无效区。
【效果图】
/*------------------------------------------------------------
CHECKER1.C -- Mouse Hit-Test demo Program No.2
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
#define DIVISIONS 5
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Checker1");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, // window class name
TEXT("Checker1 Mouse Hit-Test Demo"), // window caption
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x size
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y size
NULL, // parent window handle
NULL, // window menu handle
hInstance, // program instance handle
NULL); // creation parameters
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
static cxBlock, cyBlock;
static BOOL fState[DIVISIONS][DIVISIONS];
int x, y;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
cxBlock = LOWORD(lParam) / DIVISIONS;
cyBlock = HIWORD(lParam) / DIVISIONS;
return 0;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
//单击的矩形索引
x = LOWORD(lParam) / cxBlock;
y = HIWORD(lParam) / cyBlock;
if (x < DIVISIONS && y < DIVISIONS)
{
fState[x][y] ^= 1; //即fState[x][y] =!fState[x][y];
rect.top = y*cyBlock;
rect.bottom = (y + 1)*cyBlock;
rect.left = x*cxBlock;
rect.right = (x + 1)*cxBlock;
InvalidateRect(hwnd, &rect, TRUE); //因用透明绘制，所以要清除背景
}
else{
//当宽度和长度不是5个倍数时，会在左或底侧出现个空白区，让其发出错误的声音。
MessageBeep(0);
}
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
RECT tmpRect;
SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH));//透明绘制
for (int x = 0; x < DIVISIONS; x++)
for (int y = 0; y < DIVISIONS; y++)
{
rect.top = y*cyBlock;
rect.bottom = (y + 1)*cyBlock;
rect.left = x*cxBlock;
rect.right = (x + 1)*cxBlock;
IntersectRect(&tmpRect, &rect, &ps.rcPaint);
if (IsRectEmpty(&tmpRect)) continue;//判断当前矩形区是否在无效区内
Rectangle(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
if (fState[x][y])
{
MoveToEx(hdc, x*cxBlock, y*cyBlock, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, (x + 1)*cxBlock, (y + 1)*cyBlock);
MoveToEx(hdc, x*cxBlock, (y + 1)*cyBlock, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, (x + 1)*cxBlock, y*cyBlock);
}
}
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
} 7.4.2 使用键盘模仿鼠标操作
（1）显示或隐藏鼠标
ShowCursor（TRUE）；//增加鼠标显示计数，默认0，只有在>=0时，才显示。
ShowCursor(FALSE)；//减少鼠标计数，只有在<0时才隐藏。
（2）获取和设置鼠标位置
①Get、Set鼠标位置
GetCursorPos(&pt);//屏幕坐标（因为没有hwnd参数），可与客户区坐标转换
SetCursorPos(&pt);
②GetCursorPos与鼠标消息的参数lParam的差别。
A、GetCursorPos坐标并转成客户区坐标，返回的鼠标当前位置
B、lParam包含的坐标是指产生消息的那一刻的鼠标位置。
（3）在CHECKER中增加键盘接口
①用空格与Enter键模拟鼠标按钮；方向键每按一次切换到另一个矩形。
②Home键回到左上角的矩形，End键鼠标落到右下角矩形。
【Checker2程序】
/*------------------------------------------------------------
CHECKER2.C -- Mouse Hit-Test demo Program No.2
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
#define DIVISIONS 5
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Checker2");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, // window class name
TEXT("Checker2 Mouse Hit-Test Demo"), // window caption
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x size
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y size
NULL, // parent window handle
NULL, // window menu handle
hInstance, // program instance handle
NULL); // creation parameters
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
static cxBlock, cyBlock;
static BOOL fState[DIVISIONS][DIVISIONS];
int x, y;
POINT pt;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
cxBlock = LOWORD(lParam) / DIVISIONS;
cyBlock = HIWORD(lParam) / DIVISIONS;
return 0;
case WM_SETFOCUS:
ShowCursor(TRUE); //显示鼠标，现在都安装了鼠标，可以省略
return 0;
case WM_KILLFOCUS:
ShowCursor(FALSE);
return 0;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
GetCursorPos(&pt); //因wParam为虚拟键，lParam为击键的6个字段，没鼠标坐标。
ScreenToClient(hwnd, &pt);
//当前选中的矩形
x = max(0, min(DIVISIONS - 1, pt.x / cxBlock)); //限定在[0-4]之间
y = max(0, min(DIVISIONS - 1, pt.y / cyBlock));
switch (wParam)
{
case VK_UP:
y--;
break;
case VK_DOWN:
y++;
break;
case VK_LEFT:
x--;
break;
case VK_RIGHT:
x++;
break;
case VK_HOME:
x = y = 0;
break;
case VK_END:
x = y = DIVISIONS - 1;
case VK_SPACE:
case VK_RETURN:
SendMessage(hwnd, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, MK_LBUTTON, MAKELONG(x*cxBlock, y*cyBlock));
return 0;//也可以break，执行下面代码，将鼠标设置到当前矩形中央位置。
}
x = (x + DIVISIONS) % DIVISIONS; //x原区间为[0，4]，移到[5,9]区间，防止x--后出现负数区间。
y = (y + DIVISIONS) % DIVISIONS;
//设置鼠标位置到矩形中央位置
pt.x = x*cxBlock + cxBlock / 2;
pt.y = y*cyBlock + cyBlock / 2;
ClientToScreen(hwnd, &pt); //客户区坐标转成屏幕坐标
SetCursorPos(pt.x, pt.y);
return 0;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
//单击的矩形索引
x = LOWORD(lParam) / cxBlock;
y = HIWORD(lParam) / cyBlock;
if (x < DIVISIONS && y < DIVISIONS)
{
fState[x][y] ^= 1; //即fState[x][y] =!fState[x][y];
rect.top = y*cyBlock;
rect.bottom = (y + 1)*cyBlock;
rect.left = x*cxBlock;
rect.right = (x + 1)*cxBlock;
InvalidateRect(hwnd, &rect, TRUE); //因用透明绘制，所以要清除背景
}
else{
//当宽度和长度不是5个倍数时，会在左或底侧出现个空白区，让其发出错误的声音。
MessageBeep(0);
}
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
RECT tmpRect;
SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH));//透明绘制
for (int x = 0; x < DIVISIONS; x++)
for (int y = 0; y < DIVISIONS; y++)
{
rect.top = y*cyBlock;
rect.bottom = (y + 1)*cyBlock;
rect.left = x*cxBlock;
rect.right = (x + 1)*cxBlock;
IntersectRect(&tmpRect, &rect, &ps.rcPaint);
if (IsRectEmpty(&tmpRect)) continue;//判断当前矩形区是否在无效区内
Rectangle(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
if (fState[x][y])
{
MoveToEx(hdc, x*cxBlock, y*cyBlock, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, (x + 1)*cxBlock, (y + 1)*cyBlock);
MoveToEx(hdc, x*cxBlock, (y + 1)*cyBlock, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, (x + 1)*cxBlock, y*cyBlock);
}
}
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
} 7.4.3 在击中测试中使用子窗口
（1）包含25个子窗口，两个窗口过程：WndProc和ChildWndProc
（2）子窗口类的cbWndExtra设置4个字节，用来保存该窗口绘画状态，打“X”用1表示。
（3）WndProc中创建子窗口时须调用GetWindowsLong,从注册的窗口结构中提取hInstance.
（4）hwndChild数组为每个子窗口保存了窗口句柄，MoveWindows函数中要用到。
（5）CreateWindows主窗口与子窗口参数的比较
| 主窗口 | 子窗口 | |
| 窗口类 | “Checker3” | “Checker3_Child” |
| 窗口标题 | “Checker3…” | NULL |
| 窗口风格 | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_CHILDWINDOW|WS_VISIBLE |
| 水平位置 | CW_USEDEFAULT | |
| 垂直位置 | ||
| 宽度 | ||
| 高度 | ||
| 父窗口句柄 | hwnd | |
| 菜单句柄/子ID | （HMENU）（y<<8 | x）（唯一标识子窗口的数值） | |
| 实例句柄 | hInstance | (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLong(hwnd,GWL_INSTANCE) |
| 额外参数 |
【Checker3程序】
/*------------------------------------------------------------
CHECKER3.C -- Mouse Hit-Test demo Program No.3
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
#define DIVISIONS 5
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); //主窗口过程
LRESULT CALLBACK ChildWndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); //子窗口的窗口过程
TCHAR szChildClass[] = TEXT("Checker_Child"); //须定义为全局变量，因为WinMain和WndProc中都要用到。
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Checker3");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
//主窗体
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
//子窗口类
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = ChildWndProc;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = sizeof(long); //也可以为设置，直接保存在窗体的GWL_USERDATA中
wndclass.hIcon = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szChildClass;
RegisterClass(&wndclass); //己经是NT了，不需要再检查了。
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, // window class name
TEXT("Checker3 Mouse Hit-Test demo"), // window caption
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x size
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y size
NULL, // parent window handle
NULL, // window menu handle
hInstance, // program instance handle
NULL); // creation parameters
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HWND hwndChild[DIVISIONS][DIVISIONS];
static int cxBlock, cyBlock;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
for (int x = 0; x < DIVISIONS; x++)
for (int y = 0; y < DIVISIONS; y++)
{
hwndChild[x][y] = CreateWindow(szChildClass, NULL,
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, //没WS_VISIBLE时，创建好窗口，要自己ShowWindow
0, 0, 10, 10,
hwnd,
(HMENU)(y << 8 | x),
(HINSTANCE)GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE), //从主窗体获得hInstance
NULL);
}
return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
cxBlock = LOWORD(lParam) / DIVISIONS;
cyBlock = HIWORD(lParam) / DIVISIONS;
for (int x = 0; x < DIVISIONS; x++)
for (int y = 0; y < DIVISIONS; y++)
{
MoveWindow(hwndChild[x][y], x*cxBlock, y*cyBlock, cxBlock, cyBlock, TRUE);
}
return 0;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
MessageBeep(0);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
LRESULT CALLBACK ChildWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
SetWindowLong(hwnd, 0, 0);//开/关标记，保存cbWndExtra空间
//SetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA, 0);//保存在USERDATA中
return 0;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
SetWindowLong(hwnd, 0, 1 ^ GetWindowLong(hwnd, 0));
//SetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA, 1 ^ GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA));
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, FALSE); //因为矩形默认是填充白色的，会覆盖之前绘画，所以用False
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
Rectangle(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
if (GetWindowLong(hwnd, 0)) //if (GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_USERDATA))
{
MoveToEx(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, rect.right, rect.bottom);
MoveToEx(hdc, rect.left, rect.bottom, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, rect.right, rect.top);
}
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
} 7.4.4 子窗口和键盘
（1）单击子窗口时，得到输入焦点的是父窗口，而不是子窗口。（记这点很重要）。鼠标但键盘消息只给被具有焦点的窗口接收。（父子窗口如何共享键盘消息呢？如，当按空格或回车键时，接收消息的是子窗口，要反转选中状态。按方向键时，接收消息的是父窗口，要将焦点移到另一个子窗口上？方法：父窗口直接将焦点转移给子窗口，让子窗口接管键盘消息，子窗体先处理回车键和空格键等键盘消息。但遇到方向键时，将消息通过SendMessage返给父窗口，注意这个过程不必将焦点还给父窗口。整个过程，即父窗口将键盘消息让给子窗口去接管，子窗口处理自己兴趣的消息，把不处理的消息重新分发给父窗口）
（2）父窗口中操作子窗口
| 操作 | 函数 |
| 获取子窗口ID的方法 | idChild = GetWindowLong(hwndChild，GWL_ID); idChild = GetDlgCtrlID(hwndChild) |
| 获取子窗口的句柄 | hwndChild = GetDlgItem(hwndParent,idChild) |
/*------------------------------------------------------------
CHECKER4.C -- Mouse Hit-Test demo Program No.3
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
#define DIVISIONS 5
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); //主窗口过程
LRESULT CALLBACK ChildWndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); //子窗口的窗口过程
TCHAR szChildClass[] = TEXT("Checker_Child"); //须定义为全局变量，因为WinMain和WndProc中都要用到。
int idFocus; //当前选中的矩形（用子窗口ID来标识）
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Checker4");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
//主窗体
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
//子窗口类
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = ChildWndProc;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = sizeof(long);
wndclass.hIcon = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szChildClass;
RegisterClass(&wndclass); //己经是NT了，不需要再检查了。
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, // window class name
TEXT("Checker4 Mouse Hit-Test demo"), // window caption
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x size
CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y size
NULL, // parent window handle
NULL, // window menu handle
hInstance, // program instance handle
NULL); // creation parameters
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HWND hwndChild[DIVISIONS][DIVISIONS];
static int cxBlock, cyBlock;
int x, y;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
for (int x = 0; x < DIVISIONS; x++)
for (int y = 0; y < DIVISIONS; y++)
{
hwndChild[x][y] = CreateWindow(szChildClass, NULL,
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, //没WS_VISIBLE时，创建好窗口，要自己ShowWindow
0, 0, 10, 10,
hwnd,
(HMENU)(y << 8 | x),
(HINSTANCE)GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE), //从主窗体获得hInstance
NULL);
}
return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
cxBlock = LOWORD(lParam) / DIVISIONS;
cyBlock = HIWORD(lParam) / DIVISIONS;
for (int x = 0; x < DIVISIONS; x++)
for (int y = 0; y < DIVISIONS; y++)
{
MoveWindow(hwndChild[x][y], x*cxBlock, y*cyBlock, cxBlock, cyBlock, TRUE);
}
return 0;
case WM_SETFOCUS:
SetFocus(GetDlgItem(hwnd, idFocus)); //将子窗体设置为窗口窗体，以便接管键盘消息。
return 0;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
x = idFocus & 0xFF;
y = idFocus >> 8;
switch (wParam)
{
case VK_UP: y--; break;
case VK_DOWN: y++; break;
case VK_LEFT: x--; break;
case VK_RIGHT: x++; break;
case VK_HOME: x = y = 0; break;
case VK_END: x = y = DIVISIONS - 1; break;
default: return 0; //其它按键不处理，直接返回
}
x = (x + DIVISIONS) % DIVISIONS;
y = (y + DIVISIONS) % DIVISIONS;
idFocus = y << 8 | x;
SetFocus(GetDlgItem(hwnd, idFocus));
return 0;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
MessageBeep(0);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
LRESULT CALLBACK ChildWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
SetWindowLong(hwnd, 0, 0);//开/关标记，保存cbWndExtra空间
return 0;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
//将绝大部分的键盘消息还给父窗口处理
if (wParam != VK_RETURN && wParam != VK_SPACE)
{
SendMessage(GetParent(hwnd), message, wParam, lParam);
return 0;
}
//继续执行下去，处理回车和空格键
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
SetWindowLong(hwnd, 0, 1 ^ GetWindowLong(hwnd, 0));
SetFocus(hwnd);
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, FALSE); //因为矩形默认是填充白色的，会覆盖之前绘画，所以用False
return 0;
case WM_SETFOCUS:
idFocus = GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_ID);
//继续执行下去，用虚线框表示焦点窗口
case WM_KILLFOCUS:
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
Rectangle(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
if (GetWindowLong(hwnd, 0))
{
MoveToEx(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, rect.right, rect.bottom);
MoveToEx(hdc, rect.left, rect.bottom, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, rect.right, rect.top);
}
if (hwnd == GetFocus())
{
rect.left += rect.right / 20;
rect.right -= rect.left;
rect.top += rect.bottom / 20;
rect.bottom -= rect.top;
SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH));
SelectObject(hdc, CreatePen(PS_DOT, 0, 0));
Rectangle(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);
DeleteObject(SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject(BLACK_PEN)));
}
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}