通过浏览器的检查元素
要想爬取这些数据，就必须在使用requests库时设置好请求的头部（headers）特别是cookie。
接下来开始分析：
首先是找到网易云音乐歌手网页：
在左侧我们可以看到歌手的分类，每个分类都对应一个url的id参数，同一类歌手又通过歌手名字的首字母进行排序，对应url中的initial参数。这里以华语歌手，A打头的网页的url为例。
url='http://music.163.com/#/discover/artist/cat?id=1001&initial=65'
1 ls1 = [1001, 1002, 1003, 2001, 2002, 2003, 6001, 6002, 6003, 7001, 7002, 7003, 4001, 4002, 4003] # id的值
2 ls2 = [-1, 0, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90] # initial的值
3 for i in ls1:
4 for j in ls2:
5 url = 'http://music.163.com/discover/artist/cat?id=' + str(i) + '&initial=' + str(j) 这里我们创建两个列表来存储id和initial的值，从而构建爬取全部歌手信息的网页url。
接着我们开始设置请求的头（即headers的值），打开浏览器的开发者工具栏（鼠标右键点击检查），点击network,再点击Doc,找到原始请求返回的文件（即网址对应的文件），点击headers,里面有Request Headers,把里面的值全部设置为请求的头部的值。
一定不能漏了cookie的值。
1 import requests
2 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
3 import csv
4
5
6 # 构造函数获取歌手信息
7 def get_artists(url):
8 headers={'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
9 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
10 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
11 'Connection': 'keep-alive',
12 'Cookie': '_iuqxldmzr_=32; _ntes_nnid=0e6e1606eb78758c48c3fc823c6c57dd,1527314455632; '
13 '_ntes_nuid=0e6e1606eb78758c48c3fc823c6c57dd; __utmc=94650624; __utmz=94650624.1527314456.1.1.'
14 'utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); WM_TID=blBrSVohtue8%2B6VgDkxOkJ2G0VyAgyOY;'
15 ' JSESSIONID-WYYY=Du06y%5Csx0ddxxx8n6G6Dwk97Dhy2vuMzYDhQY8D%2BmW3vlbshKsMRxS%2BJYEnvCCh%5CKY'
16 'x2hJ5xhmAy8W%5CT%2BKqwjWnTDaOzhlQj19AuJwMttOIh5T%5C05uByqO%2FWM%2F1ZS9sqjslE2AC8YD7h7Tt0Shufi'
17 '2d077U9tlBepCx048eEImRkXDkr%3A1527321477141; __utma=94650624.1687343966.1527314456.1527314456'
18 '.1527319890.2; __utmb=94650624.3.10.1527319890',
19 'Host': 'music.163.com',
20 'Referer': 'http://music.163.com/',
21 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
22 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
23 'Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36'}
24 r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
25 soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'html5lib')
26 for artist in soup.find_all('a', attrs={'class': 'nm nm-icn f-thide s-fc0'}):
27 artist_name = artist.string
28 artist_id = artist['href'].replace('/artist?id=', '').strip()
29 try:
30 writer.writerow((artist_id, artist_name))
31 except Exception as msg:
32 print(msg)
33
34
35 ls1 = [1001, 1002, 1003, 2001, 2002, 2003, 6001, 6002, 6003, 7001, 7002, 7003, 4001, 4002, 4003] # id的值
36 ls2 = [-1, 0, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90] # initial的值
37 csvfile = open('F://歌手信息.csv', 'a', encoding='utf-8') # 文件存储的位置
38 writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
39 writer.writerow(('artist_id', 'artist_name'))
40 for i in ls1:
41 for j in ls2:
42 url = 'http://music.163.com/discover/artist/cat?id=' + str(i) + '&initial=' + str(j)
43 get_artists(url) View Code
至此利用Python爬取网易云音乐全部歌手信息的爬虫就完成了，这里我把信息存储成了csv 文件。来看一下结果：