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CCNA--LAB-4:配置OSPF路由协议

拓扑如上:

R1:

Router>en

Router#conf t

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#interface f0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#int f0/1

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 1     --进入OSPF配置模式,进程号为1

R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1     --路由器ID为1.1.1.1

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0     --发布直连网络,反掩码,区域号(注:OSPF必需有骨干区域,为区域0)

R1(config-router)#network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0     --发布直连网络,反掩码,区域号

R1(config-router)#end

R1#

查看OSPF邻居表:

R1#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri     State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

2.2.2.2           1     FULL/DR         00:00:38    12.1.1.2        FastEthernet0/1

邻居ID号//   优先级//   状态//          死亡时间//  对端地址//      通过F0/1接口建立//

查看路由表:

R1#show ip route 

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O    192.168.2.0/24 [110/2] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/1

验证在PC0拼PC1:

PC>ping 192.168.2.1

Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=48ms TTL=126

Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=33ms TTL=126

Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=32ms TTL=126

Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=38ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1:

    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

    Minimum = 32ms, Maximum = 48ms, Average = 37ms

PC>

R2:

Router(config)#hostname R2

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

查看邻居表:

R2#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

1.1.1.1           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:38    12.1.1.1        FastEthernet0/1

R2#

R2#show ip route 

O    192.168.1.0/24 [110/2] via 12.1.1.1, 00:03:08, FastEthernet0/1

C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

验证在PC1拼PC0:

PC>ping 192.168.1.1

Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=48ms TTL=126

Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=30ms TTL=126

Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=37ms TTL=126

Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=40ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:

    Minimum = 30ms, Maximum = 48ms, Average = 38ms

总结:

1、使用区域的概念,有效的减少路由选择协议对cpu和内存的占用。还可以降低路由选择协议的通信量。

2、完全无类别的处理地址问题。

3、支持无类别。vlsm和超网技术。

4、支持无大小限制的、任意的度量值。(cost=默认是10的8次方[参考带宽]/ BW[接口配置带宽])

5、支持多条路径的高效率的等价负载均衡。(默认4条,最多6条)

6、使用保留的组播地址来减小对不宣告OSPF报文的设备的影响。(DR Others :224.0.0.5 DR:224.0.0.6)

7、支持更安全的路由选择认证。(null、明文、md5)

8、使用可跟踪外部路由的路由标记。(E1/E2 默认为E2忽略内部的开销值)

本文转自 meiyanaa 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/justim/234968,如需转载请自行联系原作者