1、理论基础
1.1、概念
RHDS是Red Hat Directory Service的简称，如果基于CentOS系统其别名为centos-ds或389目录服务，是一套基于openldap的企业目录服务。
1.2、功能
- 代替LDAP
- 同步微软的活动目录信息
1.3、目录结构
<a href="http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/7F/5F/wKioL1ccdkGi-8X5AABkShordpI912.png" target="_blank"></a>
1.4、服务的控制
1.4.1、启动目录控制台命令
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<code>redhat-idm-console</code>
<code>redhat-idm-console -a http:</code><code>//localhost</code><code>:9830</code>
<code>centos-idm-console</code>
<code>centos-idm-console -a http:</code><code>//localhost</code><code>:9830</code>
<code>389-console</code>
注：以上由于历史原因，命令需根据系统的版本选择
1.4.2、命令行方式
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<code>service dirsrv {start|stop|restart} instance</code>
<code>/usr/sbin/</code><code>{start|stop|restart}-dirsrv instance</code>
<code>/etc/dirsrv/slapd-instance_name/</code><code>{start|stop|restart}-slapd</code>
<code>/usr/sbin/</code><code>{start|stop|restart}-ds-admin</code>
<code>service dirsrv-admin {start|stop|restart}</code>
1.5、工具的使用
<code>ldapmodify -a -D </code><code>"cn=directory manager"</code> <code>-w secret -p 389 -h server.example.com</code>
2、实践部分
2.1、环境配置
2.1.1、主机名称和IP配置
OS=CentOS-5 x86_64 或 CentOS-6 x86_64
hostname=ds.cmdschool.org
ipaddress=10.168.0.155
2.1.2、yum的配置
1）CentOS 5的安装默认版本
默认版本安装
<code>yum groupinstall -y </code><code>'X Window System'</code> <code>'GNOME Desktop Environment'</code>
<code>yum </code><code>install</code> <code>-y centos-ds*</code>
2）CentOS 5安装8.1版
vim编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Extras.repo指定yum源
<code>[CentOS-Extras]</code>
<code>name=CentOS-Extras</code>
<code>baseurl=http:</code><code>//vault</code><code>.centos.org</code><code>/5</code><code>.4</code><code>/extras/x86_64/</code>
<code>gpgcheck=0</code>
<code>enabled=1</code>
安装8.1版
<code>yum </code><code>install</code> <code>-y centos-ds-8.1.0 centos-ds-admin-8.1.0 centos-ds-base-8.1.0 centos-ds-base-devel-8.1.0 centos-ds-console-8.1.0 centos-admin-console-8.1.0</code>
3）CentOS 6的安装默认版本
<code>yum groupinstall -y </code><code>'X Window System'</code> <code>Desktop</code>
<code>yum </code><code>install</code> <code>-y tigervnc-server</code>
<code>yum </code><code>install</code> <code>-y 389*</code>
2.1.3、配置域名解析和主机名称
vim /etc/hosts
<code>127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ds.cmdschool.org ds</code>
<code>::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6</code>
<code>10.168.0.155 ds.cmdschool.org ds</code>
vim /etc/sysconfig/network
<code>HOSTNAME=ds.cmdschool.org</code>
注意（DNS全域名要写前面）
2.1.4、检查进程可打开文件句柄数量
<code>cat</code> <code>/proc/sys/fs/file-max</code>
修改如下参数让其大于64000配置
<code>fs.</code><code>file</code><code>-max = 64000</code>
2.1.5、增加打开文件最大数目限制
vim编辑/etc/security/limits.conf
<code>* - nofile 8192</code>
2.1.6、配置密码复杂度
vim编辑/etc/pam.d/system-auth，增加如下内容：
<code>session required </code><code>/lib/security/</code><code>$ISA</code><code>/pam_limits</code><code>.so</code>
2.1.7、重启系统
<code>reboot</code>
2.1.8、配置VNC
1） 配置VNC服务
vim编辑/etc/sysconfig/vncservers
去掉以下两行的注释并修改VNCSERVERS 的参数，详见如下：
<code>VNCSERVERS=</code><code>"1:root"</code>
<code>VNCSERVERARGS[2]=</code><code>"-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -nohttpd -localhost"</code>
设置VNC密码
<code>vncpasswd</code>
启动服务并
<code>/etc/init</code><code>.d</code><code>/vncserver</code> <code>start</code>
<code> </code><code>chkconfig vncserver on</code>
2）CentOS 5配置
vim编辑~/.vnc/xstartup
并修改如下：
<code>#twm &</code>
<code>gnome-session &</code>
vim编辑/etc/sysconfig/iptables配置防火墙规则
<code>-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5901 -j ACCEPT</code>
3）CentOS 6 配置
<code>-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5901 -j ACCEPT</code>
4）重启防火墙
<code>/etc/init</code><code>.d</code><code>/iptables</code> <code>restart</code>
2.2、实例初始化
使用如下命令初始化：
<code>setup-ds-admin.pl</code>
向导如下：
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<code>==============================================================================</code>
<code>This program will </code><code>set</code> <code>up the CentOS Directory and Administration Servers.</code>
<code>It is recommended that you have </code><code>"root"</code> <code>privilege to </code><code>set</code> <code>up the software.</code>
<code>Tips </code><code>for</code> <code>using this program:</code>
<code> </code><code>- Press </code><code>"Enter"</code> <code>to choose the default and go to the next </code><code>screen</code>
<code> </code><code>- Type </code><code>"Control-B"</code> <code>then</code> <code>"Enter"</code> <code>to go back to the previous </code><code>screen</code>
<code> </code><code>- Type </code><code>"Control-C"</code> <code>to cancel the setup program</code>
<code>Would you like to </code><code>continue</code> <code>with </code><code>set</code> <code>up? [</code><code>yes</code><code>]:</code>
<code>BY SETTING UP AND USING THIS SOFTWARE YOU ARE CONSENTING TO BE BOUND BY</code>
<code>AND ARE BECOMING A PARTY TO THE AGREEMENT FOUND IN THE</code>
<code>LICENSE.TXT FILE. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS</code>
<code>OF THIS AGREEMENT, PLEASE DO NOT SET UP OR USE THIS SOFTWARE.</code>
<code>Do you agree to the license terms? [no]: </code><code>yes</code>
<code>Your system has been scanned </code><code>for</code> <code>potential problems, missing patches,</code>
<code>etc. The following output is a report of the items found that need to</code>
<code>be addressed before running this software </code><code>in</code> <code>a production</code>
<code>environment.</code>
<code>CentOS Directory Server system tuning analysis version 10-AUGUST-2007.</code>
<code>NOTICE : System is x86_64-unknown-linux2.6.18-164.el5 (1 processor).</code>
<code>WARNING: 998MB of physical memory is available on the system. 1024MB is recommen ded </code><code>for</code> <code>best performance on large production system.</code>
<code>NOTICE : The net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time is </code><code>set</code> <code>to 7200000 milliseconds</code>
<code>(120 minutes). This may cause temporary server congestion from lost</code>
<code>client connections.</code>
<code>Would you like to </code><code>continue</code><code>? [no]: </code><code>yes</code>
<code>Choose a setup </code><code>type</code><code>:</code>
<code> </code><code>1. Express</code>
<code> </code><code>Allows you to quickly </code><code>set</code> <code>up the servers using the most</code>
<code> </code><code>common options and pre-defined defaults. Useful </code><code>for</code> <code>quick</code>
<code> </code><code>evaluation of the products.</code>
<code> </code><code>2. Typical</code>
<code> </code><code>Allows you to specify common defaults and options.</code>
<code> </code><code>3. Custom</code>
<code> </code><code>Allows you to specify </code><code>more</code> <code>advanced options. This is</code>
<code> </code><code>recommended </code><code>for</code> <code>experienced server administrators only.</code>
<code>To accept the default shown </code><code>in</code> <code>brackets, press the Enter key.</code>
<code>Choose a setup </code><code>type</code> <code>[2]: 2</code>
<code>Enter the fully qualified domain name of the computer</code>
<code>on </code><code>which</code> <code>you're setting up server software. Using the form</code>
<code><</code><code>hostname</code><code>>.<domainname></code>
<code>Example: eros.example.com.</code>
<code>Computer name [ds.cmdschool.org]:</code>
<code>The servers must run as a specific user </code><code>in</code> <code>a specific group.</code>
<code>It is strongly recommended that this user should have no privileges</code>
<code>on the computer (i.e. a non-root user). The setup procedure</code>
<code>will give this user</code><code>/group</code> <code>some permissions </code><code>in</code> <code>specific paths</code><code>/files</code>
<code>to perform server-specific operations.</code>
<code>If you have not yet created a user and group </code><code>for</code> <code>the servers,</code>
<code>create this user and group using your native operating</code>
<code>system utilities.</code>
<code>System User [nobody]:</code>
<code>System Group [nobody]:</code>
<code>Server information is stored </code><code>in</code> <code>the configuration directory server.</code>
<code>This information is used by the console and administration server to</code>
<code>configure and manage your servers. If you have already </code><code>set</code> <code>up a</code>
<code>configuration directory server, you should register any servers you</code>
<code>set</code> <code>up or create with the configuration server. To </code><code>do</code> <code>so, the</code>
<code>following information about the configuration server is required: the</code>
<code>fully qualified host name of the form</code>
<code><</code><code>hostname</code><code>>.<domainname>(e.g. </code><code>hostname</code><code>.example.com), the port number</code>
<code>(default 389), the suffix, the DN and password of a user having</code>
<code>permission to write the configuration information, usually the</code>
<code>configuration directory administrator, and </code><code>if</code> <code>you are using security</code>
<code>(TLS</code><code>/SSL</code><code>). If you are using TLS</code><code>/SSL</code><code>, specify the TLS</code><code>/SSL</code> <code>(LDAPS) port</code>
<code>number (default 636) instead of the regular LDAP port number, and</code>
<code>provide the CA certificate (</code><code>in</code> <code>PEM</code><code>/ASCII</code> <code>format</code><code>).</code>
<code>If you </code><code>do</code> <code>not yet have a configuration directory server, enter </code><code>'No'</code> <code>to</code>
<code>be prompted to </code><code>set</code> <code>up one.</code>
<code>Do you want to register this software with an existing</code>
<code>configuration directory server? [no]:</code>
<code>Please enter the administrator ID </code><code>for</code> <code>the configuration directory</code>
<code>server. This is the ID typically used to log </code><code>in</code> <code>to the console. You</code>
<code>will also be prompted </code><code>for</code> <code>the password.</code>
<code>Configuration directory server</code>
<code>administrator ID [admin]:</code>
<code>Password:</code>
<code>Password (confirm):</code>
<code>The information stored </code><code>in</code> <code>the configuration directory server can be</code>
<code>separated into different Administration Domains. If you are managing</code>
<code>multiple software releases at the same </code><code>time</code><code>, or managing information</code>
<code>about multiple domains, you may use the Administration Domain to keep</code>
<code>them separate.</code>
<code>If you are not using administrative domains, press Enter to </code><code>select</code> <code>the</code>
<code>default. Otherwise, enter some descriptive, unique name </code><code>for</code> <code>the</code>
<code>administration domain, such as the name of the organization</code>
<code>responsible </code><code>for</code> <code>managing the domain.</code>
<code>Administration Domain [cmdschool.org]:</code>
<code>The standard directory server network port number is 389. However, </code><code>if</code>
<code>you are not logged as the superuser, or port 389 is </code><code>in</code> <code>use, the</code>
<code>default value will be a random unused port number greater than 1024.</code>
<code>If you want to use port 389, </code><code>make</code> <code>sure that you are logged </code><code>in</code> <code>as the</code>
<code>superuser, that port 389 is not </code><code>in</code> <code>use.</code>
<code>Directory server network port [389]:</code>
<code>Each instance of a directory server requires a unique identifier.</code>
<code>This identifier is used to name the various</code>
<code>instance specific files and directories </code><code>in</code> <code>the </code><code>file</code> <code>system,</code>
<code>as well as </code><code>for</code> <code>other uses as a server instance identifier.</code>
<code>Directory server identifier [ds]:</code>
<code>The suffix is the root of your directory tree. The suffix must be a valid DN.</code>
<code>It is recommended that you use the </code><code>dc</code><code>=domaincomponent suffix convention.</code>
<code>For example, </code><code>if</code> <code>your domain is example.com,</code>
<code>you should use </code><code>dc</code><code>=example,</code><code>dc</code><code>=com </code><code>for</code> <code>your suffix.</code>
<code>Setup will create this initial suffix </code><code>for</code> <code>you,</code>
<code>but you may have </code><code>more</code> <code>than one suffix.</code>
<code>Use the directory server utilities to create additional suffixes.</code>
<code>Suffix [</code><code>dc</code><code>=cmdschool, </code><code>dc</code><code>=org]:</code>
<code>Certain directory server operations require an administrative user.</code>
<code>This user is referred to as the Directory Manager and typically has a</code>
<code>bind Distinguished Name (DN) of cn=Directory Manager.</code>
<code>You will also be prompted </code><code>for</code> <code>the password </code><code>for</code> <code>this user. The password must</code>
<code>be at least 8 characters long, and contain no spaces.</code>
<code>Press Control-B or </code><code>type</code> <code>the word </code><code>"back"</code><code>, </code><code>then</code> <code>Enter to back up and start over.</code>
<code>Directory Manager DN [cn=Directory Manager]:</code>
<code>The Administration Server is separate from any of your web or application</code>
<code>servers since it listens to a different port and access to it is</code>
<code>restricted.</code>
<code>Pick a port number between 1024 and 65535 to run your Administration</code>
<code>Server on. You should NOT use a port number </code><code>which</code> <code>you plan to</code>
<code>run a web or application server on, rather, </code><code>select</code> <code>a number </code><code>which</code> <code>you</code>
<code>will remember and </code><code>which</code> <code>will not be used </code><code>for</code> <code>anything </code><code>else</code><code>.</code>
<code>Administration port [9830]:</code>
<code>The interactive phase is complete. The script will now </code><code>set</code> <code>up your</code>
<code>servers. Enter No or go Back </code><code>if</code> <code>you want to change something.</code>
<code>Are you ready to </code><code>set</code> <code>up your servers? [</code><code>yes</code><code>]:</code>
<code>Creating directory server . . .</code>
<code>Your new DS instance </code><code>'ds'</code> <code>was successfully created.</code>
<code>Creating the configuration directory server . . .</code>
<code>Beginning Admin Server creation . . .</code>
<code>Creating Admin Server files and directories . . .</code>
<code>Updating adm.conf . . .</code>
<code>Updating admpw . . .</code>
<code>Registering admin server with the configuration directory server . . .</code>
<code>Updating adm.conf with information from configuration directory server . . .</code>
<code>Updating the configuration </code><code>for</code> <code>the httpd engine . . .</code>
<code>Starting admin server . . .</code>
<code>The admin server was successfully started.</code>
<code>Admin server was successfully created, configured, and started.</code>
<code>Exiting . . .</code>
<code>Log </code><code>file</code> <code>is </code><code>'/tmp/setupcf5R61.log'</code>
2.3、检查和设置服务自动启动
<code> </code><code>/etc/init</code><code>.d</code><code>/dirsrv</code> <code>status</code>
<code> </code><code>/etc/init</code><code>.d</code><code>/dirsrv-admin</code> <code>status</code>
<code> </code><code>chkconfig dirsrv on</code>
<code> </code><code>chkconfig dirsrv-admin on</code>
2.4、防火墙配置
2.4.1、编辑防火墙规则
1）CentOS 5
vim编辑/etc/sysconfig/iptables
<code>-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 389 -j ACCEPT</code>
<code>-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 9830 -j ACCEPT</code>
2）CentOS 6
<code>-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 389 -j ACCEPT</code>
<code>-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 9830 -j ACCEPT</code>
2.4.1、重启防火墙
2.5、启动控制台
1）官方资料
官方文档
<a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en/red-hat-directory-server/" target="_blank">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en/red-hat-directory-server/</a>
<a href="http://directory.fedoraproject.org/docs/389ds/releases/release-passsync-1-1-6.html" target="_blank">http://directory.fedoraproject.org/docs/389ds/releases/release-passsync-1-1-6.html</a>
<a href="https://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc773087(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">https://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc773087(WS.10).aspx</a>
官方yum源：
<a href="https://wiki.centos.org/Download" target="_blank">https://wiki.centos.org/Download</a>
2）非官方资料：
<a href="http://candon123.blog.51cto.com/704299/578504/" target="_blank">http://candon123.blog.51cto.com/704299/578504/</a>
3）实例损毁的修复
<a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Directory_Server/8.1/html/Installation_Guide/Installation_Guide-Advanced_Configuration-Reregistering-with-Config-DS.html" target="_blank">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Directory_Server/8.1/html/Installation_Guide/Installation_Guide-Advanced_Configuration-Reregistering-with-Config-DS.html</a>
4）DS之间的复制
<a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Directory_Server/8.1/html/Administration_Guide/Managing_Replication.html" target="_blank">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Directory_Server/8.1/html/Administration_Guide/Managing_Replication.html</a>
5）DS与AD的同步程序下载
<a href="http://directory.fedoraproject.org/docs/389ds/download.html" target="_blank">http://directory.fedoraproject.org/docs/389ds/download.html</a>
6）DS与AD同步程序的配置
<a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Directory_Server/8.1/html/Administration_Guide/Windows_Sync-Configuring_Windows_Sync.html" target="_blank">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Directory_Server/8.1/html/Administration_Guide/Windows_Sync-Configuring_Windows_Sync.html</a>
7）DS与AD同步非官方教程
<a href="http://www.leo-zh.com/70" target="_blank">http://www.leo-zh.com/70</a>
8) 目录结构
<a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Directory_Server/8.1/html/Installation_Guide/Installation_Guide-Common_Usage.html" target="_blank">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Directory_Server/8.1/html/Installation_Guide/Installation_Guide-Common_Usage.html</a>
9）项目源代码
<a href="http://directory.fedoraproject.org/docs/389ds/development/source.html" target="_blank">http://directory.fedoraproject.org/docs/389ds/development/source.html</a>
10)win2008证书服务器的派发
<a href="http://wangchunhai.blog.51cto.com/225186/139451/" target="_blank">http://wangchunhai.blog.51cto.com/225186/139451/</a>
本文转自 tanzhenchao 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/cmdschool/1761441，如需转载请自行联系原作者
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