乐在其中设计模式(C#) - 命令模式(Command Pattern)

乐在其中设计模式(C#) - 命令模式(Command Pattern)

介绍

将一个请求封装为一个对象，从而使你可用不同的请求对客户进行参数化；对请求排队或记录请求日志，以及支持可取消的操作。

示例

有一个Message实体类，某个类对它的操作有Insert()和Delete()方法。现在要求可以对之前的所有操作做撤销和重复。

MessageModel

using System; 

using System.Collections.Generic; 

using System.Text; 

namespace Pattern.Command 

{ 

        /// <summary> 

        /// Message实体类 

        /// </summary> 

        public class MessageModel 

        { 

                /// <summary> 

                /// 构造函数 

                /// </summary> 

                /// <param name="msg">Message内容</param> 

                /// <param name="pt">Message发布时间</param> 

                public MessageModel(string msg, DateTime pt) 

                { 

                        this._message = msg; 

                        this._publishTime = pt; 

                } 

                private string _message; 

                /// Message内容 

                public string Message 

                        get { return _message; } 

                        set { _message = value; } 

                private DateTime _publishTime; 

                /// Message发布时间 

                public DateTime PublishTime 

                        get { return _publishTime; } 

                        set { _publishTime = value; } 

        } 

}

Action

        /// enum 

        /// 定义操作的两种方法Insert和Delete 

        public enum Action 

                /// Insert 

                Insert, 

                /// Delete 

                Delete 

SqlMessage

        /// 接收者（Receiver）角色 

        /// Sql方式操作Message 

        public class SqlMessage 

                /// 操作 

                /// <param name="action">操作的方法</param> 

                /// <param name="mm">Message实体对象</param> 

                public void Operation(Action action, MessageModel mm) 

                        switch (action) 

                        { 

                                case Action.Insert :    

                                        Insert(mm);    

                                        break; 

                                case Action.Delete : 

                                        Delete(mm); 

                        } 

                /// 插入Message 

                private void Insert(MessageModel mm) 

                        // 代码略 

                /// 删除Message 

                private void Delete(MessageModel mm) 

ICommand

        /// 命令（Command）角色 

        public interface ICommand 

                /// 执行 

                /// <returns>操作的方法及操作的信息</returns> 

                string Execute(); 

                /// 取消执行 

                string UnExecute(); 

SqlMessageCommand

        /// 具体命令（ConcreteCommand）角色 

        public class SqlMessageCommand : ICommand 

                /// 操作的方法 

                private Action _action; 

                /// Message实体对象 

                private MessageModel _mm; 

                public SqlMessageCommand(Action action, MessageModel mm) 

                        this._action = action; 

                        this._mm = mm; 

                public string Execute() 

                        new SqlMessage().Operation(_action, _mm); 

                        return _action.ToString() + "：" + _mm.Message; 

                /// 取消执行（调用一个方法，以决定取消执行的算法） 

                public string UnExecute() 

                        _action = GetUndoAction(_action); 

                /// 获得取消执行的算法 

                /// <returns></returns> 

                private Action GetUndoAction(Action action) 

                        Action undo; 

                                        undo = Action.Delete;    

                                        undo = Action.Insert; 

                                // 这句没啥用 

                                default : 

                        return undo; 

Message

        /// 请求者（Invoker）角色 

        public class Message 

                /// 命令集合（保存每次操作） 

                private List<ICommand> _listCommand = new List<ICommand>(); 

                /// 命令集合中当前要执行的命令的索引 

                private int current = 0; 

                /// 执行Sql 

                public string Do(Action action, MessageModel mm) 

                        string rtn = ""; 

                        ICommand cmd = new SqlMessageCommand(action, mm); 

                        rtn = cmd.Execute(); 

                        _listCommand.Add(cmd); 

                        current++; 

                        return rtn; 

                /// 撤销 

                /// <param name="levels">执行撤销操作的次数</param> 

                /// <returns>操作的方法及操作的信息（用空格分开多条记录）</returns> 

                public string Undo(int levels) 

                        for (int i = 0; i < levels; i++) 

                                if (current > 0) 

                                { 

                                        ICommand cmd = _listCommand[--current]; 

                                        rtn += cmd.UnExecute() + " "; 

                                } 

                /// 重复 

                /// <param name="levels">执行重复操作的次数</param> 

                public string Redo(int levels) 

                                if (current < _listCommand.Count - 1) 

                                        ICommand cmd = _listCommand[current++]; 

client

using System.Data; 

using System.Configuration; 

using System.Collections; 

using System.Web; 

using System.Web.Security; 

using System.Web.UI; 

using System.Web.UI.WebControls; 

using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; 

using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; 

using Pattern.Command; 

public partial class Command : System.Web.UI.Page 

        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 

                Message m = new Message(); 

                Response.Write("操作"); 

                Response.Write("<br />"); 

                Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第1条", DateTime.Now))); 

                Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第2条", DateTime.Now))); 

                Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第3条", DateTime.Now))); 

                Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第4条", DateTime.Now))); 

                Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Delete, new MessageModel("第2条", DateTime.Now))); 

                Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第5条", DateTime.Now))); 

                Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Delete, new MessageModel("第3条", DateTime.Now))); 

                Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第6条", DateTime.Now))); 

                Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第7条", DateTime.Now))); 

                Response.Write("撤销4次操作"); 

                Response.Write(m.Undo(4)); 

                Response.Write("重复2次操作"); 

                Response.Write(m.Redo(2)); 

                Response.Write("撤销3次操作"); 

                Response.Write(m.Undo(3)); 

运行结果

操作

Insert：第1条

Insert：第2条

Insert：第3条

Insert：第4条

Delete：第2条

Insert：第5条

Delete：第3条

Insert：第6条

Insert：第7条

撤销4次操作

Delete：第7条 Delete：第6条 Insert：第3条 Delete：第5条

重复2次操作

Insert：第5条 Delete：第3条

撤销3次操作

Insert：第3条 Delete：第5条 Insert：第2条 

参考

<a href="http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternCommand.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternCommand.aspx</a>

OK

<a href="http://down.51cto.com/data/100859" target="_blank">[源码下载]</a>

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