The Eight Flags Poetry is represented by the Northern Poetry School, these poets have lived in the north for a long time, have distinct national characteristics, and their poetic works reflect the heroic spirit, optimistic spirit and love for northern customs. The creation of Eight Flags poetry has enriched and developed grassland literature, which helps us to construct an all-round, multi-level and diversified history of Chinese literature.
Among the many ethnic minority poetry in the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners poet group occupies a particularly important position, including Cao Xueqin, Naran Zhide, Gu Taiqing, French Shishan, Dun Min, Dun Cheng, etc., who are very familiar with us. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese nation entered a new period of great national integration. Eight Flags literature shows distinct national cultural characteristics. The living habits, religious ethics, family affection, moral concepts, cultural psychology, regional scenery, etc. of the Eight Flags make the Eight Flags literature reflect the characteristics different from the traditional Han literature.
Yang Zhongxi believes that the Northern Poetry School has been formed in the Qing Dynasty, and the Northern Poetry School he proposed refers to the Eight Banners poets as the mainstay, as well as individual Northern poets. The Northern Poetry School is a poetic genre that originated in the Qing Dynasty, and their poems have similar styles, and specific writers have their own characteristics. The Eight Flags poetry, represented by the Northern Poetry School, has the following two characteristics:
1. Sing the praises of the spirit of the Eight Flags
The group spirit of one group is the outward sign that distinguishes them from other groups. This group spirit stems from group consciousness and its psychological identity. "The spirit of the Eight Flags is manifested in many aspects, among which the main ones are tenacious and enterprising, unremitting self-improvement, inclusive spirit and patriotic spirit."
(1) Sing the praises of the glorious entrepreneurship of the ancestors
Eight Flags writers have a strong ancestral worship complex. NaranJande recalled the glory of his ancestors' entrepreneurship in "Shengjing" and enthusiastically praised his ancestors: "Dragon House in Pandi, when the tiger and leopard city is closed." The mountain company is long Bai Xiu, and the river is mixed with the Qing. The temple society is spiritually strong, and Kawahara is fierce. Huanghuang opened a business, and Wangu accompanied Beijing. ”
The writers of the Northern Poetry School recalled the heroic feelings of their ancestors by creating poems describing the deeds of their ancestors, and the group pride and high spirit they embodied in their conquests were exactly what other ethnic groups lacked at this stage, and they were also important spiritual wealth for future generations, and Yang Zhongxi hoped that they could be passed on among the flag people.
(2) Express the martial spirit of the group
One of the important characteristics of the poetry of the Northern Poetry School that distinguishes it from other poetry in the Qing Dynasty is the martial spirit unique to the northern nomads who are different from other groups expressed by the Eight Banners Poets. In the late Ming Dynasty, with the continuous Sinicization of various ethnic groups in China, the ethnic spirit that symbolized their vitality was gradually lost; By the end of the Qing Dynasty, with the Manchus as the core of the Qi people deepening, the life characteristics contained in their groups were or had disappeared.
Through the poem "Apricot Mountain Trip", Selch recreates the founding history of the Qing Dynasty, full of strong group pride. Selch recounted that Huang Taiji annihilated 130,000 Ming troops in that year, took the initiative, as if returning to the battlefield of that year, full of pain and happiness as if entering no man's land, "two thousand iron horses like heavenly people, big arrows and longbows are ten thousand", The apricot mountain is stained red with blood, "the sand and soil behind the mountain are red, it is suspected that it was the blood of the army in that year", "the frost destroyed the leaves and grass, the blood flowed and the sea was red", praised the Qing army as a benevolent teacher, "the achievement is not a pit and a long pawn, only now the bamboo is praised yuangong." ”
Second, love the wind and things of the north
When northern poets write poems, the emotional outpouring is sometimes straightforward and concise; Sometimes through the capture of everyday genres to place their emotions. Northern poets used poetry as a tool to record a large number of Qing Dynasty customs and products.
The twelve poems of Qianlong's "Imperial Shengjing Native Miscellaneous Songs" introduce five grains, Dongzhu, ginseng, pine flower jade, mink, deer, bear and koan, kandahan, haidongqing, pomfret, pine nuts, and Winp. There are also twelve poems of the Imperial Jilin Tufeng Miscellaneous Songs, which introduce Weihu, Hulan, Fara, Fei, Saifei, Erlin, Shihan, Laha, Xia, Cutshan, Luodan, and Zhou Fei. These poems sincerely praise the products of Shengjing and the customs of Jilin and pour out their affection at the bottom of the pen.
The seven poems of Yinglian's "Eastbound Poems", composed in the eleventh year of Qianlong (1746), made a detailed description of the customs and customs of the northeast, and the bottom of the pen was full of love, and this feeling was also the original intention of the poet's creation. Among them, the fourth poem praises the entrepreneurial history of the ancestors east of the Liaohai Sea, and still reads it with anger, "the dust of war has been sold for a hundred years, the good atmosphere is depressed and the three tombs", "the east of the Liaohai is the ancestral Tige entrepreneurship, several poems in the Ying and Qi terroirs, slightly dafan, reading the fourth poem, especially in the heart." ”
The Eight Flags poetry is the product of the exchange and mutual infiltration of various ethnic groups, and the eight flags poetry embodies the heroic spirit and shows the characteristics of the northern customs. At the same time, the history of the Eight Flags was taken as the object of lyricism, which enriched and developed grassland literature and played a strong exemplary role in the history of grassland literature.
(Author Affilications: School of Liberal Arts, Chifeng University.) Frontiers, No. 6, 2018, China Social Science Network, Li Zhongping/Excerpt)
Original title: [Wen Cui] Li Zhongwei Han Lixia: On the Contribution of Eight Flags Poetry to Grassland Literature
Source: Frontiers, No. 6, 2018
Author: Li Zhongwei Han Lixia
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