The so-called "prison of words" is defined by the Hanyu Da Dictionary as "in the old days, rulers deliberately extracted words and sentences from their writings to persecute intellectuals, and woven them into crimes", while the Encyclopedia of China defined it as "a prison set up in the Ming and Qing dynasties for forbidden writing or the elimination of dissidents by the crime of weaving words." ”
The purpose of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Dashi Literary Prison was to suppress the Han people's sense of national independence and resistance, establish the authority of the Qing Dynasty's rule, and strengthen the central authoritarian centralization.
In all modern people's research on the Manchu Qing character prison, the author believes that the content of the Qing Dynasty Text Prison File is the most worth reading. In this book, almost all known cases of literal prison are included, and the process of the formation of the literal prison in this period is well documented.
We all live in the twenty-first century, examining history from the perspective of "latecomers.". On the surface of Kangqian's prosperous world, we can see the glorious triumph, but we don't know that there is still a blood pool hell hidden behind the rainbow, leaving a huge stain on the prosperity created by the three emperors.
Chinese have always been good at handling things, and it can be said that we are the most philosophical group in the world. However, after carefully analyzing the Manchu Qing text prison, the author can't help but speculate that it is because of the emergence of the text prison that Chinese attach so much importance to "dealing with people" and regard it as a technology. After all, living under that kind of sky is simply too difficult to be human.
The author also lists a case that occurred during the Manchu Qing Dynasty prison period for the benefit of readers.
The forty-sixth year of Qianlong, that is, 1781 in the Western calendar. Restless, Qianlong left the palace again and came to Wutai Mountain to inspect. The emperor's life was quite related to Mount Wutai, and this was his third time to visit Mount Wutai. In the past few months, Qianlong's mood has been quite good.
After all, at the age of seventy-one, he did not like to live in the cage-like Forbidden City, and the environment outside the palace could make him feel more comfortable. However, immediately something happened that made Qianlong uncomfortable. There was a young man named Yin Shaochun who insisted on facing the saint and brought two copies of the sonata.
Of course, this young man is not a commoner, his father is the retired Dali Temple Secretary Yin Jiaquan. It is estimated that Qianlong's mood is very unhappy, after all, every time he goes out of the palace to distract himself, not to deal with these requests. What's more, why did Yin Jiaquan's son come with him, isn't this looking down on Yuan? Qianlong Tieqing's face opened the song.
Fortunately, the number of words in the first recital was not much, and Qianlong read it patiently. However, whenever a chapter is played, there must always be two pieces of at the beginning advocating how to be wise and divine today, and Qianlong selectively skipped it. It turned out that this Yin Jiaquan's father had also served as the inspector of Henan in the Qing Dynasty.
Qianlong thought about it carefully, and finally found Yin Jiaquan's father in the image of a thousand ministers in his mind. This was indeed a hard-working magistrate, and he himself praised him for his benevolence and filial piety, and wrote a poem to give to The Yin Mansion. Yin Jiaquan said that the family wrote the poem as a yanglian and pasted it at the gate for the villagers to admire. After seeing it, the villagers of the eight villages of Ten Mile said that they could not live up to the expectations of Grandpa Banzai, and that they should work hard and study to become a useful person for the Great Qing.
Having said a whole lot, this is how to get to the point.
It turned out that Yin Jiaquan's father had been driving the crane to the west for more than thirty years, but when he died, the imperial court did not take the old man seriously, and did not give him honors such as titles and titles. Yin Jiaquan saw that Qianlong's grandfather was inspecting Wutai Mountain this year, and wanted to take advantage of Qianlong's interest to make some small requests and ask him to give his father an honorary title.
In order to make QianlongYe not embarrassed, Yin Jiaquan said very "sensibly" that even the matter of sealing the title did not need to be used by Grandpa Banzai, just pick a few words from the poems given to his family in that year! Immediately after that, there was another holy and wise. "Pleading with the Emperor Ruijian to carry out the execution, the subjects are overwhelmed with eagerness to wait."
Qianlong who is also?
Not to mention how many ministers he had seen over the years, his seventy-one years of age alone was enough to give him sufficient life experience. Qianlong had finished reading this recital in a few glances, how could he not know the little cleverness that Yin Jiaquan was playing? However, it should also be that this Yin Jiaquan has no self-awareness at all.
Just imagine, Qianlong Ye came to Hebei for a cruise, made such a big move, and summoned hundreds of retired ministers from Hebei, why didn't he look for this Yin Jiaquan?
Any minister who took the initiative to ask for merit and reward would not be liked by the ruler. Admittedly, the title is only a medal of honor, and it has no practical significance, after all, whether Yin Jiaquan's father, who has been dead for many years, can present his feelings or not has to be said twice. Qianlong hated this kind of guy who always wanted to take advantage of him without making a contribution, so even if it was a title that had no practical significance, he resolutely refused to give it.
After reading the song, the fire in Qianlong's stomach had accumulated eight points. However, the young man in front of him was polite and polite, and he was not good at having a seizure on the spot.
Qianlong did not say a word, and wrote in a Zhu pen on the song chapter: Sealing is a major state affair, and you cannot make a decision based on your words, "How can you ask for it in vain?" Originally, Shuo could have sentenced you to a great crime of rebellion with this sonata, but Nian Nian had worked for the Qing Dynasty for so many years and had a filial piety to your father, so he would not deal with you. After you have read the reply of yuan, "settle down and stay at home", and stay where it is cool, otherwise, you will be punished for your sins.
History cannot be repeated, otherwise Yin Jiaquan, who had a prophetic vision, would not dare to send the second seal even if he had the courage of Bao Tiangu. This Yin Jiaquan is a greedy guy, and after asking emperor Lao Tzu for a title for his father, he still wants to get more. It is said that "if you don't die, you won't die", Yin Jiaquan's behavior perfectly explains what is called "death", and also leaves a cruel public case in the history of the Qing Dynasty.
After Qianlong made a reply to the first sonata, he saw that Yin Jiaquan's son had sent another sonata, and he suppressed his anger and read it.
Who knows, this sonata made him more and more angry the more he read, and even directly exploded.
The beginning is still the same as the first piece of, but it is just a change of expression of Qianlong's wise divine martial arts. Qianlong patiently continued to read, only to see that the song chapter read:
Viva Grandpa do you remember? When my father was alive, he introduced to His Majesty a contemporary Jie Tangbin, and proposed to His Majesty that this person's tablet be worthy of the Confucius Temple, so that this person could become a moral model like The Confucian Sage for all to be admired by all. However, at that time, your mood was not good, so I did not agree to this file. My father has been obsessed with this since he retired, and when he died, he left me with his regrets. Forty years have passed, and I have never dared to forget this wish of my father.
This time, just in time for His Majesty's tour of Mount Wutai, can you ask Your Majesty to look at the love of his father who has been working for the imperial court for many years, fulfill his old man's last wish, and offer Mr. Tang Bin's tablet to the Confucius Temple? Of course, the minister personally believes that the father who can introduce talents like Tang Bin is also a moral model. Therefore, if it is convenient for Your Majesty, you can put my father's spiritual seat together with Tang Bin's spiritual seat, so that his old man also deserves to enjoy the Confucius Temple. "Emperor Fu begs the emperor to carry out the decree of the special edict."
This behavior can be said to be quite "inching forward", and it is not an exaggeration to call it "inching forward". Yin Jiaquan was simply too faceless, and even Qianlong was laughed at. Who was Confucius? A moral model for thousands of years, a saint-like existence. Who has the opportunity to enjoy the Confucius Temple after death, which is not the great talent of the world? Moreover, even if he could be with Confucius and his old man, it was mostly because a certain great Confucian had passed away, and in order to respect the deceased, he was given this honor.
Who is Yin Jiaquan's father? Qianlong almost forgot about him, such a cat and a dog are also eligible to sit with Kong Shengren? Don't say that Yin's father had served as an inspector, even if he was not qualified to live in an official residence. Look at the later Zeng Guofan, this is a rare talent in the Manchu Qing Dynasty. This man created the ZTE of the Qing Dynasty, and who can match it in terms of merit?
With Zeng Guofan's noble sentiments and skills, after a hundred years, many ministers invited him to take credit, and wanted to put Zeng Guofan's tablet in the Confucius Temple to receive worship, but what was the result? Although Zeng Guofan made countless achievements in his lifetime, he did not make any achievements in the academic field and did not leave any academic monographs, so he was not eligible to enjoy the Confucius Temple.
Yin Jiaquan's father, Yin Huiyi, his merits could not be compared with Zeng Guofan, and his talent was far less than zeng guofan, so why should he enjoy the confucius temple that even Zeng Guofan could not enter?
From the modern point of view, this matter can be understood as follows: a contemporary second-rate novelist has passed away, but people will compare it with Dumas and Hugo and open a monument for him.
If such a thing happens, that is the biggest thing to do.
Whether Qianlong broke his mouth and scolded after reading the recital, we don't know, anyway, Yin Jiaquan was thrown into the big prison within a few days. Immediately afterward, the officers and soldiers who raided the house searched for some of Lord Yin's old works in the Yin Mansion and saw some inappropriate texts from them.
Although it is said that at this time, the climax of the literary prison atmosphere has passed, but if Qianlong wants to deal with this person, he is still worried that he will not find a reason?
What happened next is very interesting, and from Yin Jiaquan's approach, we can see that this person is very concerned about "name". The minister in charge of investigating and handling the case was very "aware of the Holy Will" and put a lot of effort into Yin Jiaquan's false Taoism. The most outrageous thing is that Yin Jiaquan, who has always been clean and tall, has been exposed to many men and women who violate the norm.
Suddenly, the streets and alleys were filled with rumors that Yin Jiaquan was a hypocrite with a straight face, and the reputation of a generation of Confucians was destroyed.
After some investigation, the relevant departments determined that Yin Jiaquan was involved in rebellion, so it was planned to execute him and exterminate the three tribes. Perhaps the Qianlong Emperor at this time had passed the age of ancient rarity and did not have the murderous intention of his youth, so he was extrajudicial and sentenced Yin Jiaquan to be hanged, and his family was not implicated.
There is also a saying that before Yin Jiaquan's execution, Qianlongnian reduced his punishment after his hard work and high achievements, and sent this old retired cadre home to retire.
Regardless of whether Yin Jiaquan is dead or not, because of his greed for a false name, he has suffered a senseless disaster, this deal is not worth it at all. At that time, people like Yin Jiaquan abounded, and Qianlong killed one batch after another. Since then, or having learned the lessons of Lord Yin, more and more Qing people have learned the importance of being human.
Resources:
【"Ancient Chinese Character Prison", "Qing Dynasty Character Prison File"】