During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, countless sons and daughters of Chongqing participated in the war and fought heroically in various parts of the motherland, in fact, before that, in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of the Qing Dynasty in 1894, there were Chongqing people who heroically resisted the Japanese invasion in the northeast, and their representative was Xu Bangdao, who can be called the first person of the Chongqing Anti-Japanese Soldiers.
From left, Zuo Zhen, Liu Shengxiu, Xu Bangdao
Xu Bangdao was born in 1834, his real name is Jin Xi, the character sees nong, Bang Dao is his number, now Chongqing Fuling Jiangbei Subdistrict (formerly ShizhongXiang Gaomiao Village) people. Xu Bang Daoist family has a tradition of learning martial arts, xiaojia Daozhong fell, and his second brother Xu Jinbi worked as a beggar, and was later taken in by a monk to learn martial arts, in 1855 out of Sichuan to join the Chu army, successively under Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang as an official, is a tough general. In 1862, when Xu Bangdao returned to Fuling Province, he encountered Shi Dakai besieging Fuling and assisted Yao Baoming in Zhizhou to guard you. In 1878, he was promoted to viceroy, and in 1880, the grain of the army stationed in Tianjin was reduced, and he was awarded the general soldier of Zhengding Town, which was Li Hongzhang's concubine.
Map of the northeast situation of the Sino-Japanese War
After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War in August 1894, Li Hongzhang deployed Three Departments of Jiang Guiti, Cheng Yunhe, and Wei Rucheng to guard Lushun in September, Zhao Huaiye to guard Dalian, and the deputy capital to Shun to guard Jinzhou.
In May 1894, Li Hongzhang paraded in Lushun.
On the Japanese side, the japanese second army attacked Dalian Lushun, the commander of the Japanese Army, Oyama Yan, a subordinate named Nogi Kiten, who served as the commander of the first brigade and regiment of the first division, with 25,000 soldiers and 3,000 war horses. In the early morning of October 24, under the cover of the Japanese combined fleet, Oyama Yan commanded the Japanese Second Army to land at the mouth of the Zhuanghe Garden, which lasted 14 days, and the landing was completed on November 6. On October 28, the Japanese invaded qiziwo to prepare for the invasion of Jinzhou.
Jinzhou Lianshun department only has one battalion of infantry and two sentries of cavalry, and the first battalion of the Qing army is full of seven or eight hundred people, in fact, most of the situations there are not so many people, 200 weapons and foreign guns, 100 guns, it seems that the number of defenders is insufficient. For this reason, Lian Shun invited Dalian Zhao Huaiye and Xu Bangdao to Jinzhou to discuss countermeasures, and Xu Bangdao believed that the Qing army had lost a good opportunity by sitting by and watching the Japanese army land, and that it should not be trapped in the brigade now, but should be heavily defended in Jinzhou to defend the brigade, but his superior Zhao Huaiye said that all actions were to listen to Li Hongzhang, and Li ordered him to guard the Dalian Fort and did not tell him to go to Jinzhou.
The military situation was urgent, Xu Bangdao led more than 3,000 people of the Arch Guard Army to Jinzhou, and after arriving in Jinzhou, he twice asked Zhao Huaiye for reinforcements, Zhao Huaiye began to disapprove, and then under the strong request of the battalion officer Zhou Dingchen, 300 people from the Zhou Dingchen battalion were sent to support. Xu Bangdao led his troops to repair fortifications on both sides of the avenue from Qiziwo to Jinzhou and at the top of the mountain. Soon, on the morning of November 5, Nogi Yoshinori commanded two japanese brigades to attack the Xu army's position, and the Xu army wounded the aide-de-camp of the Japanese second brigade, Ohno Naoyoshi, and two soldiers, and the Japanese army retreated after three hours of fierce fighting. At 4 p.m., the second Japanese attack was repelled. On the morning of the 6th, the Japanese army changed its tactics, occupied a mountainous area 1,000 meters away from the Xu army, set up artillery to bombard the Xu army's position, followed by infantry charge, and the Xu army suffered heavy casualties. Two hours later, the Japanese army broke through the position of Zhou Dingchen on the thirteen-mile platform of the North Road and attacked Xu Jun from front to back. Xu Bangdao was forced to abandon his position and retreat to the city to defend the city in coordination with Lian Shun, and Jinzhou was in danger. Xu Bangdao hurried to Dalian and knelt down to ask Zhao Huaiye for reinforcements, while Zhao was busy stealing military supplies as a plan to escape, and simply ignored it, and Xu Bangdao had to return in tears.
Xu Bangdao did not ask for reinforcements, but the Japanese army was still attacking, on the morning of the 6th, it shelled Jinzhou City, after the sappers blew through the north gate, the Japanese army flooded into the city, and the east gate was also captured by the Japanese army. After fierce street fighting, Xu Bangdao led his troops to retreat from the West Gate and the South Gate to Lushun, and the Japanese army occupied Jinzhou and Dalian on the 7th. On the 6th, Gong Zhaoyu changed his plain clothes and fled to Yantai, the dragons were leaderless, and the generals who guarded Lushun fought separately. On the morning of the 15th, Xu Bangdao's troops were hungry and ambushed at Tuchengzi, ten kilometers north of Lushun City, to block the Japanese troops who invaded Lushun, and at noon the Japanese cavalry search team came, and Xu Bangdao commanded the troops to repel it. In the evening, Xu Jun, who had no food, returned to Lushun to eat.
Monument to the Battle of Tuchengzi
On the 17th, Xu Bangdao, together with Lian Shun, Wei Rucheng, Cheng Yunhe, and more than 5,000 men under his command, attacked the Japanese army at Tuchengzi, and on the 18th, surrounded the Japanese cavalry search team and the third squadron of the third squadron of the second brigade regiment of Nishikuhiro's regiment, and killed 11 people below the infantry lieutenant squadron leader with superior strength, and wounded 35 people under the cavalry lieutenant Asakawa Toshiya and infantry lieutenant Nakayuki Mitsuya. The Japanese army rushed out of the siege and retreated to Shuangtaigou, and Xu Bangdao led his troops to pursue the fleeing enemy. The number of Japanese troops destroyed in the Battle of Tuchengzi is not known whether it is true, but the Japanese army is the forward, the number of two or three hundred people, with superior troops to annihilate, it is possible that the Japanese casualties are larger. The Battle of Tuchengzi was a rare major victory for the Qing army in the Sino-Japanese War, which shattered the myth of the invincibility of the Japanese army and inspired the confidence of the people to resist Japan, and the local people sang: "There are cannons in the Wokou, we have Xu Bangdao... Xu Bangdao, destroying the cannon, the officers and men started to move together at dawn, killing The Wokou screamed. ”
Overlooking the first battery of Lushunkou Chair Mountain
However, Li Hongzhang, who was at the highest level, did not understand modern warfare, did not understand the significance of the battle method of Tuchengzi, or blindly retreated, did not support Xu Bangdao's initiative to attack, Xu Bangdao was forced to return to Lushun, and was enthusiastically rewarded by the local people on the return trip. On the 21st, the Japanese army launched a general attack on Lushun, and Gong Zhaoyu fled in plain clothes, making the army unstable and demoralized. Xu Bangdao guarded the fortress of Jiguan Mountain, heroically resisted, and killed the first commander of the 14th Japanese Regiment, Hanaoka Masasada Shōsa. At noon, the case mountain chair Shan Cheng Yunhe defense line and the ErlongShan Jiang Guiti defense line were successively breached by the Japanese army, the Baiyu Mountain One YuanFangbao Defense Line Wei Rucheng, the West Bank Battery Zhang Guangqian did not move, passively avoiding the battle, Xu BangDao was attacked from front to rear, the lone army was difficult to defend, and retreated into the city. In the afternoon, the Japanese army entered the city and engaged in fierce street battles with Xu Bangdao and other troops, and the Qing army was defeated. In the evening, Xu Bang's Daoist troops returned to Song Qing along the Nanguan Ridge via Gaiping, and Lushunkou fell into the hands of the Japanese army. A few days later, Li Hongzhang's order to appoint Jiang Gui as the chief general arrived, the yellow broccoli was cold, and Xu Bangdao was dismissed from office.
On January 10, 1895, Xu Bangdao was ordered by Song Qing to lead an army to support Gaiping, and before the reinforcements reached Gaiping, Xu Bangdao and Zhang Gaoyuan joined forces to counterattack, but did not retake Gaiping because Zhang Guangqian escaped from the battlefield. From February 21 to the end of the month, Xu Bangdao participated in the fourth and fifth counter-attacks on Haicheng, fighting bravely and wounded, but failed to win because of the overall situation. On March 5, the army defeated Niuzhuang, on the 7th, it was defeated and retreated to Yingkou, and on the 9th, it was again defeated at Tianzhuangtai, so that the Liaodong front line was occupied by the Japanese army, and Xu Bangdao was indignant about it.
On April 17, the Treaty of Maguan was signed, and the Sino-Japanese War ended. In this year, due to the pain of defeat, Xu Bangdao died in Southern Liaoning due to a carbuncle and was buried in jiangbei subdistrict of Fuling District, Chongqing.