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Liang Dingfen (1859-1919), a native of Panyu, Guangdong. The word Xinghai, a word of heart sea, also the word Bo Lie, the number of the festival of the temple, called the festival of Mr. An, do not return to the mountain people, lonely nunnery, sick man, wandering lyricist, Aoi Frost, Tibetan Mountain, Tibetan Sorcerer and so on. The names of the rooms are Shame Hall, Kui Shuang Pavilion, Qi Feng Lou, Anti-Anger Hall and so on. In the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), he entered the priesthood and served as an editor. During the Sino-French War, Li Hongzhang was demoted five times in a row. He resigned at the age of twenty-seven and successively served as the president of Fenghu, Duanxi and other colleges. When Zhang Zhidong was supervising Yue, he set up the Guangya Bookstore and was hired as the first dean. Zhang transferred liangjiang and re-employed the main Zhongshan Academy. He also accompanied Zhang Huan to participate in the affairs of the shogunate. Later, he served as a political envoy in Hubei Province. Kang Youwei set up a strong society in Shanghai, and he senated the constitution. During the period of the change of law, kang liang was slandered. After the Xinhai Revolution, he was left behind and participated in Zhang Xun's restoration. Wang Senran's "Commentary on Mr. Liang Dingfen" (in "Commentary on Modern Masters", Sanlian Bookstore November 1998 Edition) Yun: "In addition to Mr. Liang Dingfen's study, he is most fond of poetry... Mr. Book style, nearly yellow and willow in the early years, and became a family of his own in middle age. In his later years, he wrote the Chongling Quanhui Monument, and his heroism became a prudent one. Mr. Xue's calligraphers, Hu Yuanchu (Xianchun) and Yang Ziyuan (Qiguan) Ershi, were similar to their gods. Hu lost zhu rou, Yang lost zhu gang, each has its own shortcomings also. If you take the thin gold calligraphy of Emperor Huizong of Song and write for Mr. Qiang, it is sincere and can also be! And: "Sir, good books, every short book, one thing and one paper, if dozens of things, dozens of papers, and at the beginning of the book, stamped." Or ask, "I have prepared the frame of the precious ones of the other day for the hand-scrolled album ears." Speaking of Liang Dingfen's calligraphy, it must be mentioned that because of Liang's experience in the curtain (in the autumn and winter of 1884 he was a guest of Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Liangguang; from 1889 to 1894 and from 1896 to 1900, he was able to communicate with Yang Shoujing, Shen Zengzhi, Zheng Xiaoxu, Zhang Taiyan, etc., who were also under the zhang zhidong curtain, and influenced each other. From a correspondence written to him by his classmate Shen Zengzhi, we can see a certain similarity between the two of them and the calligraphy pen and knot.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Liang Dingfen lived in seclusion in Shanghai and maintained himself with the Qing Festival. After Lu Run's death, he was recruited as the master of Xuantong, although he was not constant in the inner court, he was eventually the most feared teacher of The Puyi Emperor. Si Shi also supervised the Guangxu Mausoleum Fortifications, with Shanghai as the center, interacted with comrades, and planned the restoration movement. After Yuan Shikai's death, he hid in Jiaoshan Mountain in Zhenjiang, avoiding the attack of the world. In 1917, he participated in Zhang Xun's restoration, but after his failure, he fled. Liang Dingfen's office does not return to the mountain people and the Tibetan mountain, and the names of the room are shame hall and anti-indignation hall, including his commonly used printing of "do not change his degree" and "one hundred folds and no return", which reflect his political stance and firm will to be loyal to the previous dynasty and swear to die and remain unchanged. Even the fall of the work is even written as "Eight Years of Reunification". From the perspective of calligraphy, these letters are quite the beauty of the bookish temperament, on the surface it seems to be handy, regardless of the law, regardless of the clumsiness, in essence, it is just the natural eruption of the poet's inner depression, so the size of the knots throughout the text is uneven, and the momentum is coherent. In addition to the line and cursive writing, Liang Dingfen's calligraphy and line calligraphy are extremely refined, and the two Pieces of Liang Dingfen's collection by Mr. Zhu Jia were made in 1896 and 1909 respectively, or the fly-headed small kai, or the line kai, which is called a fine product. There is still a title of "Hoe Moon" in the Suzhou Master of Nets Garden, which is also a rare and good structure.
Among the widows who were loyal to the Qing Dynasty after Xinhai, Liang Dingfen was the most famous one. After the founding of the Republic of China, Li Yuanhong served as vice president and governor of Hubei, and was stationed in Wuchang. Duan Fang was killed in the Sichuan Baolu Movement, and the body was transported back from Sichuan in July; Liang Dingfen traveled up the river to Wuhan to meet the coffin. In order to protect his precious braids, Liang Wears a hood every day when he goes out, which is tightly covered. Vice President Lai chatted with his subordinates one day and said: I plan to invite him to the Governor's Mansion for a banquet, and I took the opportunity to cut his braids. Ding Fen was already on guard and returned the invitation. The revolutionary Cao Aber volunteered to take people to the hostel to see Liang Dingfen and said: The weather is too hot, sir, don't be too formal, or take off your hat. Liang Dingfen ignored it. The people on this side actually moved their hands, pulled down their hoods, cut off Lao Liang's braids, and whistled away. Liang wept bitterly and fled Wuhan by ship that night. Life in the world has its own "façade"; insisting on removing the "façade" of others seems to be "progress", but in fact it is also interfering with the freedom of others, which must not be ignored.
Please kill Li Hongzhang, please abolish the "Big Brother", please dismiss Yuan Shikai
Liang shi was full of reading history, worshipped the loyal and righteous soldiers in history, and aspired to be a "famous minister of science". In 1883, when France invaded Vietnam, a vassal state of China, Li Hongzhang vigorously advocated peace and became the target of the "Qingliu" attack between the DPRK and China. In 1884, Liang Dingfen impeached Li Hongzhang for six "murderable crimes." After the next year's decision, for the crime of "slandering the minister", he was demoted to the fifth level, from the compilation of the seven products of the zhengqi pin to the Taichang Temple Si le, and had to hang up the crown and leave, when he was only 27 years old.
After liang Dingfen was deposed, he served as the chief of Huizhou Fenghu Academy, Zhaoqing Duanxi Academy, and Guangzhou Guangya Academy, and from 1892 onwards, he became the governor of Huguang, Zhang Zhidong, and became a powerful general under Zhang. Under the prestige of Zhang's voice, Liang Dingfen no longer provoked wrongdoing, worked diligently, and studied and trained troops and ran industries in Hubei Province, attracting and cultivating a large number of talents, including the revolutionary yuan medals Taiyan, Huang Xing, and Li Yuanhong.
In 1900, the earth-shattering Gengzi Incident broke out, Cixi xi fled to Xi'an, Duanwang Zaiyi was recognized by the great powers as the "culprit", and how to deal with Duanwang's son "Big Brother" Pu Yan became a big problem. After the coup d'état, Cixi had plans to abolish Guangxu, and in early 1900 he established Pu Yan as the "Great Elder Brother", ready to inherit the throne at any time. During the negotiation of the Treaty of Xinugu, the great powers had hinted at the abolition of the "Big Brother", but none of the ministers dared to report upwards. Zhang Zhidong was very anxious about this, and Liang Dingfen took the initiative to ask for help and went to Xi'an to "walk in" to persuade Cixi.
According to the ancestral system of the Qing Dynasty, Han Chen was not allowed to have a major affair with Wen Lichu, and those who violated the law were killed without forgiveness. Liang Dingfen set off from Wuhan, thinking about how to phrase along the way, the closer to Xi'an, the more empty his heart became, often reading a paragraph in his mouth, and denying it in his heart. When I arrived at Tongguan Mountain, I suddenly had inspiration and chanted words in my mouth: "It is better that we cook ourselves." "Finally got a good night's sleep that night. When he went to Xi'an to see Cixi, Liang Dingfen calmly and calmly said: When the minister was in Wuhan, I heard that foreigners were going to propose to Lafayette to abolish the big brother; if we wait until others propose it, we will do it again, and what kind of national system will it become? In the opinion of the courtiers, it is better to take care of themselves. Cixi sighed and said, "I am afraid that there is an edge to this matter." Sure enough, when he returned to Kaifeng, Cixi ordered Pu Yan to be driven out of the palace.
Who knew that in 1907, Zhang Zhidong was summoned to Beijing, Liang Dingfen had already been sent to Hubei as an envoy, and he became a wild horse, and the Prince of Qing, Yi Xi, who was directly subordinate to the viceroy, was summoned to the throne, reprimanding him for "intentionally selling his name." Zhang Zhidong has relied heavily on Liang Dingfen for many years, and his friendship is extremely deep, and everyone knows that when this Zhang Zhidong entered Beijing and will be reused, as Zhang Zhidong's subordinate for many years to make this move, outsiders think that he is Zhang Zhidong's mastermind, in an embarrassing situation, very passive, and "too restless". Seeing that the words were not accepted, Liang Shi once again hung up the crown and left.
Persuaded Li Yuanhong to surrender, but was humiliated
On October 10, 1911, the first shot was fired in Wuchang Shouyi, and the revolution was victorious, but the revolutionary army was leaderless, and had to invite Li Yuanhong, who had a high prestige in the military circles in Hubei, to lead it. Li Yuanhong thought about it for three days and finally agreed. On October 13, Li Yuanhong took office as the governor and gave a speech proposing to "overthrow the Qing court, restore Han territory, abolish autocracy, and establish a republic" and become the leader of the revolutionary army.
Li Yuanhong and Liang Dingfen have been friends in Hubei for more than ten years, although they have a lot of business contacts, although they are all in arms. Liang Dingfen assisted Zhang Zhidong in managing Hubei's academic affairs, and the Wenwu Academy was under his jurisdiction, and many of the officers of the Hubei New Army were nominally Liang Dingfen's students. Seeing that his former colleagues were now the leaders of the rebel army, Liang Shi was in Guangzhou, impatient, and took the initiative to serve as a lobbyist for the Qing court, sending a telegram to Li Yuanhong, intending to persuade him to surrender:
Brother Song Qingren: The contemptible people have lived in Hubei for seventeen years, and they know that Brother Ren will be rare, and Zhang Gongzhidong also agrees with me. When I suddenly heard that something had happened in Wuchang, I was shocked, thinking that Song Qing's feet had been unfortunately martyred; then I was even more surprised to hear that I had been forced to serve as the governor of the capital. Song Qing, you are originally a loyal and filial piety person, and you have no contact with the rebel party, and today's events are not out of your own heart. In the past, everyone said that only the Hubei Army could be insulted by a strong country, but now it is the Hubei Army that betrays the imperial court and brings calamity to the country and the people, and Song Qing, you have actually become the leader, this is at ease? I know that Song Qing's feet will inevitably lead the Hubei disciples to submit to the imperial court, and the emperor will only blame himself, not you. If I am not at ease, I can send my only son to Wuchang as a hostage. He advised Song Qing to be a "first-class loyal minister of the Great Qing Dynasty". (For the original text, see "The Chronology of Mr. Liang Jie'an")
Liang Dingfen is known for his poetry, but writing articles is not a strong point, and this letter has no momentum, and both love and reason are weak. In contrast, the reply written by Li Yuanhong's staff is magnificent, and liang Dingfen, the old Hanlin, is completely compared:
"Your Excellency, when the Great Han restored Shenzhou, he did not know that he had come to han to do righteous deeds, but instead wanted to tempt the contemptible people to submit, in order to invite the people to rejoice, which was what the tiger and the wolf could not bear, and your excellency resolutely did it." Woohoo! Jie'an Confucians, and high-ranking officials, Young Chengting Xun, reciting the Book of Kong Meng, do you not know that this uprising, in order to save the Han compatriots, for the snow two hundred and sixty years of deep shame? (Compilation of Hubei Military Government Literature)
"Guangdong for Guangdong people"
Liang Dingfen was unable to persuade Hubei to surrender, but he turned his head and wanted to manipulate Guangdong into engaging in fake independence. The Battle of Huanghuagang in March made the qing court's high-ranking officials in Guangdong panic for the rest of their lives. Since the Wuchang incident, the provinces have become independent, and the people's hearts and minds have been clearly revealed. Liang Dingfen and Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Liangguang, established an "offensive and defensive alliance" and wanted to take advantage of Liang's popularity in Guangdong to engage in false independence and "wait for change".
On October 10, the Wuchang Incident began, and the Guangdong Revolutionary Party was eager to try and prepare to respond. On October 25, the new Guangzhou general Fengshan arrived at tianzi wharf by boat, passing through Cangqian Straight Street, when he was attacked by a bomb by revolutionaries, killing Fengshan and many of his entourage, injuring more than 30 people. On the same day, the major groups in Guangzhou held a meeting at Wenlan College to discuss the independence of Guangdong. The meeting elected Deng Huaxi as chairman and Leung Ting-fen as vice chairman. Liang Dingfen made an impromptu speech: "To preserve Guangdong, non-individuals can save it, and when the strength of tens of millions of people is combined to protect it, and the hearts of tens of millions of people are united to protect it." Guangdong is the Guangdong of Guangdong people, the official is only in charge, the good official approves of it, the bad one goes, and the official who cannot be arrested assists him. The doctrines held by the revolutionary parties today are reforming the political ear. If the politics are good, the Revolutionary Party should not come, and even if it comes, it can also deal with it. His speech was vague, in fact, hoping that the masses would continue to support the governor Zhang Mingqi, in the name of independence, and in fact still obey the orders of the imperial court, so as to resist the revolutionary party. The next day, Liang Dingfen wrote a secret letter to Zhang Mingqi, indicating his heart: "The two of us swear not to be negative. ”
Governor Zhang Mingqi lost all his prestige, and rumors flew all over Guangzhou. Liang Dingfen stepped forward and issued anthony notice in his personal name. On November 1, Liang Dingfen wrote two wooden tablets and sent people to the front of the palace, to the effect that there was a rumor that there was an incident on the ninth day of the first month of Guangdong, and now that it has passed, nothing has happened. Everyone is a common people of the Great Qing Dynasty, do not listen to rumors, and each should live and work in peace and contentment. My family lives in Fried Powder Street, my family is not relocated, if there is a false statement, check the penalty. In the past few days, a decision has been made at the Wenlan Academy, and the Manchu Han Dynasty has been reconciled, and there are no cannons in the city, and the Revolutionary Party has not attacked. Residents of various shopping malls can open shops quickly and regularly, and trade as usual without panicking. However, by November 9, when the Guangdong Consultative Bureau announced guangdong independence, Liang Dingfen himself sneaked to Shanghai.
Prince Qing had no conscience Sun Baoqi was not a thing
On February 12, 1912, the Qing Emperor abdicated, and Liang Dingfen was like a mourner, "wearing filial piety on the same day, so for life" . After that, he wandered between Beijing, Shanghai, and Sui, and worked for the tomb project and burial of the Guangxu Emperor. In December 1913, neither the Guangxu Emperor nor Houfeng An Chongling, the once-powerful Prince of Qing, and his son Zaizhen did not appear. Liang Dingfen looked up at the sky and sighed, "Where is Yi Li going?" Zai Zhen also did not come. Something like this, Heavenly Conscience, is really nothing at all, and Qianqing used such courtiers to immortalize? ”
The Government of the Republic of China sent a delegation headed by Zhao Bingjun, minister of internal affairs, to pay tribute. Most of the members of the mission changed into the robes of Qing courtiers, and only Sun Baoqi, the chief minister of foreign affairs, wore suits. Liang Dingfen stepped forward, pointed at Sun's nose and asked, "Who are you?" What country are you from? Sun Baoqi was stunned when asked. Liang Dingfen's fingers trembled, and he continued to point at Sun Baoqi, and his voice became louder and louder: "Have you forgotten that you are the son of Sun Baojing?" You have been an official of the Qing Dynasty, and you are wearing clothes today, performing such a ceremony, and coming to see the first emperor, do you have any shame? What are you? Attracted a large group of people to watch, scared Sun Baoqi to no face, bowed his mistake: "Not bad, I am not a thing, I am not a thing." ”
Liang Dingfen appointed himself as a lone loyalist of the Qing Dynasty, guarded the tomb for the Guangxu Emperor, was named "Chongling Tree Planting Minister", and later became Puyi's master, participating in Zhang Xun's restoration. Liang's lifelong loyalty to the Qing dynasty and the courage to impeach the magnates only earned a personal reputation; in the seventeenth year of Hubei, he assisted Zhang Zhidong in training new troops and students studying in Japan, but this group of people just became the vanguard of subverting the Qing Dynasty. In his later years, his heart was extremely miserable, and he burned a lot of manuscripts, "Don't leave a word in the world." My heart is desolate, and the words cannot be heard. ”
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