New Hainan client, Nanhai Net, Nanguo Metropolis Daily November 4 news (reporter Meng Yao) meteorological experts predict that this year's La Niña phenomenon has returned, it is expected that the La Niña phenomenon will maintain a certain intensity throughout the winter, and will weaken after entering the spring. That is to say, there will be a cold winter in the winter of 2021-2022. So, what is La Niña?
La Niña, which means "little girl" in Spanish, also known as anti-El Niño, refers to the phenomenon of continuous abnormal cooling in the eastern and central parts of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, manifested as the surface temperature of the sea water is more than 0.5 below the average climate, and lasts for more than 6 months. The symptoms of La Niña are hurricanes, torrential rains and severe cold, and it, along with El Niño, can cause serious anomalies in the global climate.
It will make the sea water in the central and eastern Pacific ocean abnormally cold, the southeast trade wind will also blow the surface of the sea water that is hot by the sun to the western Pacific Ocean, resulting in the west being nearly 60 cm higher than the eastern sea level, the western sea temperature increases, the air pressure drops, the humid air accumulates to form typhoons and tropical storms, and the eastern bottom sea water turns up, causing the eastern Pacific sea to become cold.
In 2008, China encountered the La Niña phenomenon, when the probability of natural disasters was high, which will directly affect the yield of betel nut fruit.
According to the Anhui Agricultural Bulletin, No. 14, 2008, a "Betel Nut Cold Damage Investigation and Research" published by the Coconut Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Thermal Sciences expounded the disaster situation of betel nut in Hainan during the low temperature and cold damage from January to February 2008. The actual situation of the disaster is bounded by the first line of Wanning and Wuzhishan, the north is heavier, the south is lighter, the degree of betel nut damage in high altitude areas is heavier than that in low altitude places at the same latitude, and betel nuts that are not well managed offshore and water and fertilizer are vulnerable.
In addition, according to the "Betel Nut Cold Harm" published by the diversified betel nut industry platform, the impact of cold on betel nut is also mentioned:
1. The lower the temperature in the area, the greater the impact on the growth of betel nut.
2. Under low temperature conditions, the pregnant flower buds are weak in the tree and insufficient nutrient supply, and it will be more difficult to preserve flowers and fruits in the future, and the yield will be reduced.
3. Mountain betel nut is more affected than betel nut on flat and sloped land. Mountain betel nut soil conditions are relatively poor, coupled with high management difficulties, most of them belong to the sky to eat, the tree potential is weak, in the case of continuous low temperature, the plant can carry cold is weak, so the degree of yellowing of the leaves is higher than that of betel nut on flat land and slopes.
4. Threat of pests and diseases. In addition to yellowing disease, other common pests and diseases have appeared in planting areas everywhere, including red-veined panicle borer, coconut heart leaf beetle, bacterial stripe disease, leaf spot fungus leaf spot disease, parasitic ferns and microorganisms.
5. Most farmers do not take preventive and remedial measures.
In the absence of an increase in the overall production of the industry this year, if there is a cold damage to betel nut, next year's betel nut production will be affected, so we interviewed betel nut planting technicians from multiple companies to provide farmers with better cold protection solutions.
Betel nut cold protection measures:
1. Before winter, apply less nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and combine organic fertilizer to apply calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate (or potassium chloride).
2. Before or at the beginning of the occurrence of cold infestation, foliar spray (500 times liquid, equivalent to 15 kg of 1 sprayer added 30 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 g of 500 = 15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate) with 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
3. Apply Bordeaux liquid to the betel nut trunk.
4. Irrigate with well water in the evening (the temperature of well water in winter is higher than that of other waters, and the ground temperature is increased to achieve the role of cold protection).
5. Smoke and prevent freeze in the betel nut garden, avoid open flames.
6. Due to the potential impact of cold on the flowering and fruiting of betel nut, after 3-4 months, a small amount of boron fertilizer trace elements can be applied, and 75 grams of borax can be applied per plant to improve the fertilization ability of female flowers and the quality of male flowers. After flowering, spray boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other fruit preserving agents to reduce flowering and fruit drops and increase yield.