▲Empress Dowager Cixi
preface
Kang Youwei has always regarded Empress Dowager Cixi as a major obstacle to the restoration and reform of the law, and it must be eliminated quickly. On the eve of the Coup d'état, there was also a plan to unite with Yuan Shikai to "encircle the garden and rob the queen", and after the Wushu coup, Kang Youwei still did not give up sending people to assassinate Cixi at the beginning of his flight overseas. Even in the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904), Liang Tiejun was sent to Beijing for assassination, but because the Kang and Liang chronicles were unknown, they could not tell the truth. Only Zhang Shizhao's article "The Beginning and End of the Wu Daoming Case" (according to the following: Wu Daoming is Liang Tiejun's pseudonym) written in 1961 talks about this matter in more detail, only because Zhang Shizhao has seen Liang Tiejun's son Liang Yuan and his collection of Four Seals of Liang Tiejun's Testament and the inscriptions of Kangmen disciples Xu Qin, Luo Pu, Wu Zhuang, Tang Enpu and others, of course, he can grasp more historical materials and present some historical truths. This precious letter was obtained a few years ago by Mr. Hui Liping, the owner of the Hong Kong collector Han Mo Xuan, who provided me with a photocopy for me to read, and I made an explanation and proofread it, and I am grateful. See also Kang Youwei's relics of Liang Tiejun in the collection of The Family of Kang Baoyan (see the second volume of the "Outer Edition of the Manuscript of Wanmu Caotang") and the scholar Kong Xiangji found a letter from Liang Tiejun to Kang Youwei, and the author re-sorted this historical fact based on these letters, and referred to Kang Youwei's poetry collection, Liang Qichao's letters, and the personal experience of Kangmen's disciples Xu Qin, Wu Zhuang and others, and detailed the ups and downs of this matter. Kang Youwei's deeds in Xin and Ma also rely on the research works of Singaporean scholars Li Qingnian and Zhang Kehong, and other scholars such as Li Yongsheng to find out the report of the "Zhonghua Bao" on Liang Tiejun's arrest that year, which are extremely precious historical materials and are of great help to restore the historical truth.
Acted as an assassin for Cixi
According to the "Liang Qichao Chronicle Chronicle" Yun: "After the failure of the Gengzi Nianqinwang Movement, Mr. Nanhai planned an assassination plan, and his main target was of course Xihou, and the rest such as Rong Lu, Li Hongzhang, Liu Xueqing, zhang Zhidong, etc. were all among the assassins. This proposition was initiated in the South China Sea and has since become one of the important undertakings of the party. They thought that the Western Queen was the biggest obstacle to the change of law and the restoration of the new emperor to save the country, and the rest such as Rong, Li, Liu, Zhang, etc., were also the obstructionists of the royalist movement, so they did not hesitate to bribe the warriors with huge sums of money and plot to assassinate them. Over the years, tens of thousands of yuan have been spent on this matter, but the results have been fruitless. On May 19, 2006, chen Guoyong, a royalist, wrote to Tan Zhangxiao (Liang), a leader of overseas Americans and a backbone of the royalist party, on May 19, 2016: "It is extremely difficult to recruit dead soldiers to assassinate the thief party. Since last year to the present, it has taken a lot of money to attract such chivalrous soldiers by paying attention to this day and day, but I have never seen a single practical ear. (See Kang Liang and the Royalist Society: A Compilation of Tan Liang's Materials in the United States.)
On September 30, the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu (1903), Liang Qichao sent a letter to Kang Youwei: "... The revolution is difficult to carry out, and the words of the gentleman are also fixed. However, in the matter of Sakurada, the disciple thought that those who gave money to buy a warrior would not be available to them, so they did not advocate it, not to say that this matter was not suitable. For example, if the so-called Lin Xia is now, the disciples have not seen it, and they cannot cut off their people, and why they do not go for months, but they spend money like soil every day, causing mr. Lin to suffer from offerings, but if such people provide for them, they can be used, and non-disciples dare to speak out. Haven't you tasted the suffering of providing for Haojie for years? The breath is soft every day, and if the parents of filial piety are slightly confused, they can immediately be ruthless. Therefore, the disciples often said to Mian and Yun, etc., to provide for Haojie now, if the fox flatters the prostitute Ran, for several years the mountain alliance sea oath, once the bedside is exhausted, and then hold the pipa over the other ship. Therefore, using money to buy people's dead power is the most dangerous and clumsy strategy. ...... The discouragement of the disciple is a discussion, not depressed about its purpose, but also depressed by its means. In addition, Xu Qin's letter to Kang Youwei on the seventh day of September of the same year also said: "Today China wants to do the things of Jing and Nie (which is the first important thing), and there is no one to suffer. (See the book "Kang Youwei and the Royalist Society"))
This forced Kang to abandon the method of enticing the dead and to use the party members as assassinations. Therefore, in the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904), Liang Tiejun traveled east to Japan to discuss with Liang Qichao a plan to assassinate Cixi again. On September 17 of the same year, Liang Tiejun wrote a letter to Kang Youwei.
The letter asked Kang Youwei to raise funds quickly, otherwise it would be abandoned. Liang Qichao's letter to Kang Youwei on October 5 of the same year said: "The festivals that Tie Lao has discussed since his arrival have been slightly honored before. There is a book in detail that does not need to be repeated. Now that Tie, Mo, and Gang have all gone, Park Yi decided to go back and forth day by day. Iron, Ying one branch, Gang, Park one branch, the joint operation will be appropriate. However, according to the budget of the Tie Lao Institute, at least 10,000 yuan (the most economical amount) will be required for those who will be cut off until April next year, and there is no longer any existence here, and now it is all owned by the "Cong Bao", and all the people will be paid for the trip fee, and it is allowed to receive assistance after January. If the gai disciples do not allow it, it will make the clerk chill. However, although it is allowed, there is no real thing. ...... Today's disciple who is riding a tiger is really anxious and cannot be helped, but I hope that Mr. Wang will be able to do it well. Up to this time, with such an arrangement, such a talent, there is really a way to succeed, and if it is not done, it will really be the death of China. "Although the economic conditions are very difficult, everyone is still full of ambition and has to fight hard.
On October 23 of the same year, Liang Tiejun replied to Liang Qichao's letter (see Liang Tiejun's Testament) and asked Kang Youwei to be transferred.
The letter talks about the future deployment in Beijing, using many code words, such as the setting up of zigang garden, and the scholar Li Yongsheng pointed out that it was an assassination organ, and its main task was to "prepare all the manufacturing and advance and retreat paths of Brother Pu", that is, to hide for personnel activities and ammunition. Guangming and Toyo Motors are both organs set up by Liang Tiejun. "If the foreign car does not succeed, it is recommended to enter the small fire wheel, such as The Brother Park can also succeed", which actually refers to the location and method of assassinating Cixi. It is still difficult to understand what "foreign car" means, or it refers to the ride of Cixi. The little steamer is a luxury yacht on which Cixi rides. Zhang Shizhao once asked Zhu Qizhao that this small steamer was "built by the Japanese Mitsubishi Company, with high horsepower and deep draft, it can only drive to the gate of the Gaoliang Bridge, and from the Gaoliang Bridge to reach the Rainbow Hall, it is necessary to change another small steamship to continue driving." From the letter, we can learn about the activities of Liang Tiejun and other members of the assassination group. Liang set up a number of offices in Wuchang, Tianjin, Beijing and other places, and he was also familiar with the whereabouts of the emperor and queen in the palace. The letter also spoke of the painstaking efforts involved in fundraising. "Electric Port should not, I can not not", Zhang Shizhao believes that when referring to the Hong Kong Huayi Company, and said: "The meaning of the word, Erxi runs through the north and south, the great exhibition of economy, there is a sense of overstretchedness, money should not be handy." ”
At the beginning of the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), Liang Tiejun sent a letter to Kang Youwei (see Liang Tiejun's Testament).
In the letter, "Park Chi" refers to Luo Pushi, saying that he is developing a bomb and has a clue, but he has not yet tested it. Liang Zigang, on the other hand, planned to set up a secret agency in October, and when Luo Pushi's experiment was successful, he would transport the bomb to Beijing for hiding. However, if the experiment was not successful, Luo Pushi was asked to return to Guangxi (Luo was the leader of the Guangxi Hui Party) to "find a number of good hands to come to Tianjin and live in the garden of Zigang, thinking that it was a permanent way." It was Liang Tiejun who adopted a two-pronged approach, in addition to bombing it, but also recruiting chivalrous soldiers to wait for opportunities. Regarding Luo Pushi, Liang Qichao wrote to Jiang Guanyun in late June of the thirty-first year of Guangxu (according to the "Long Compilation of The Genealogy of Liang Qichao" that this letter was mistaken for the thirty years of Guangxu, and now corrected from the scholar Li Yongshengzhi's statement): "There was a great disappointment, and the friend Luo Pushi had previously spoken to Zhuan Qing and wanted to hear about it publicly. This duke came to the East last year to learn explosives and hypnosis, and after completing the study, he will be implemented. However, this Gong Xi had been in a position of power in the Guangxi movement, and was recently electrified by an important leader in the Guangdong and Western Parties, and in order to learn that the officials were arrested at the beginning of the Kechu Month, during which the rescue efforts were ineffective, and in the twenty-third day of the month, following the two Liuyang (according to the following: referring to Tan Sitong and Tang Caichang, both of whom were also from Liuyang, Hunan). My brother's pain over this matter was indescribable. This talent is really not easy to get, ten years of ambition, not to do anything, but to die, the abuse of the other heavens, what a thing. When it is known to the public, I think it is also a cry. "Luo Pushi was arrested and killed in Guangdong in June of the 31st year of Guangxu for a power leak, which was a huge loss for comrades in Beijing, which is really incalculable, and the bomb may not have been made.
In order to hide his eyes and ears, Liang Tiejun opened the Toyo Car Company, frequently carried out public relations work, and even had close contacts with Shen Qingting, the pipe belt of the small steam wheel.
The last message before the crime
From the second half of the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905) to May of the following year, since there are no letters and other materials at present, it is impossible to know the details.
Liang Tiejun, with the help of Fan Luxiang (known as Lang Qiu in the letter), a district official in the fourth district of the Western Branch of the Beijing Police Department, communicated with Kang Youwei, Xu Qin, and others who were in exile and reported on the progress of the operation. He befriended Yao Huanqing, Wang Hanzhang, Feng Zhongping, Jianru, Jin Weijiu and other eunuchs through photography and bribery, and communicated with the inner court to learn about Cixi's whereabouts. Jin Weijiu can even contact him with Delufeng (telephone). It was only since August last year that the access control was tightened, so that the plan had to be postponed repeatedly. At that time, Beijingers were most interested in the new gadget of photography, and the eunuchs in the palace preferred to take a picture of it and hang it in the room for themselves to enjoy. Gao Boyu, the founder of Hong Kong, said: "I don't know if anyone bragged to a Shangyi supervisor in the Summer Palace, Ma Guan (Shangyi Jian is a unit in the palace that manages the emperor's clothes, and its general manager is Sipin), saying that the new photo studio opened in Dengshikou has the best technology." Mr. Ma personally took pictures and was very satisfied. Tie Jun tried his best to seduce the eunuch, almost to tie the knot to Jinlan. The two became intimate, and eunuch Ma took him into the Summer Palace to take pictures around. ”
On May 24, Liang Tiejun wrote another letter to Kang Youwei (see the second volume of the "Outer Edition of the Manuscript of Wanmu Caotang").
In this letter, even the emperor's prescription for diagnosing his illness can be listed in detail, which shows that he has close contact with the eunuchs in the palace. The letter about the illness of the Guangxu Emperor must have made Kang Youwei feel excited, so Kang Youwei wrote in the poem "Weeping Friend Martyr Liang Tiejun Hundred Rhymes": "The Holy Lord's living notes, one by one to report the business." It also shows that Liang Tiejun has first-hand information.
Arrested and killed in prison
On June 19, Liang Tiejun was arrested. According to Kang Youwei in the text: "Junyi's name is Wu Daoming, while Dai Wencheng is Junzhi's relative, and the townspeople know a lot." He was suspected of being suspicious of his name, and was arrested for the greed of the complainer. According to Liang Yuan, the son of Liang Tiejun, "Gu Erxu had an old acquaintance with Zhu Qi (according to Zhu Qi), a detective under Yang Yide (according to the tianjin visiting bureau), who occasionally met each other in Qushi, Tianjin. Fu Erxu, who has no heart for the people of the city, Zhu Yu and Qi said, Erxu is also inseparable from the frolic. So that Zhu De took advantage of the gap and searched for Erxu's codebook and other secrets, in order to sell his friends and seek glory, Wen Erxu was arrested in Jingzhuo. This theory is based on Liang Tiejun's June 12 letter to Kang Youwei mentioning Jingsun, that is, Zhu Qi, thus linking Liang Tiejun's arrest to Zhu Qi's whistle-blowing. However, according to Zhang Shizhao's later visit to Zhu Qizhao, who was then serving as the head of the Police Department in Beijing's outer city, Zhu Qizhao said: "Zhu Qi ran the Beijing Daily, and was known for his greed, and at that time he had a reward with Yang Yide and cared about himself. Although Gu Yang Yide was the director of the Tianjin Visiting Bureau, he failed to make a big appearance at that time, and Zhao Bingjun was only a pawn in the account. It seems impossible for him to join forces with Zhu Qi and search for Wu Daoming's secret documents. Shortly after Liang Tiejun's death, Liang Qichao wrote to Kang Youwei in November of the same year: "Whether the iron matter was constructed by Ziyang (according to: referring to Zhu Qi) is still difficult to determine, but according to Bingsan (press: Xiong Xiling), it is indeed a shop companion to report, it seems that it may not be ziyang ye." ”
However, according to Zhang Shizhao's interview with Zhu Qizhao, he learned: "The arrest of Zha Wu Daomingzhi was caused by the investigation team of the Adjutant Yamen, who suspected that the palace supervisor and the photographer had traveled too secretly. When the Governor of Jiumen was Na Tong, the case was sent to Nan Ya for interrogation, and then went to the Dengshikou Photo Studio to search for evidence, and found that Lu Xiang was suspected of colluding with the party. The Outer City Police Department first learned of the seriousness of the case and began to seriously investigate it. Lu Xiang (according to: Fan Luxiang, that is, Liang Xin called Lang Qiu) confessed: Friends with Wu Daoming are still real, usually know that he is a disciple of Kangmen, what his real name is, he does not know, and the confession is very cunning. Finding the remnants of the half-destroyed letters in the dung pit, Wu and Fan were very secretive to each other. The letter of foreign countries arriving in Beijing by passenger mail was mostly handled by Fan, and the suspicion of espionage was reported, and Xuan Huo was exposed, while Lu Xiang and Wu Daoming were jointly sent to the branch bureau to determine. ”
After the Liang case, the newspapers in Beijing and Tianjin were afraid to report for fear of offending the imperial court, but Peng Yizhong's Zhonghua Bao exclusively reported that Peng Yizhong was later convicted of this. According to the report of the "Zhonghua Bao" and combined with Zhu Qizhao's account, the scholar Li Yongsheng sorted out the incident: Liang Tiejun Guangxu was arrested on June 19, 1932. The next day, Fan Luxiang was arrested. He was interrogated for three days at the Admiral's Gate, and then handed over to the Outer City Patrol Police Department. On June 27, the two were taken to the Hanjiashu Lecture Hall in Tianjin for interrogation. On July 5, the two were sent to Tianjin, where they were personally interrogated by Yuan Shikai. Then, the two were sent to the fourth town of the Machang Army and the patrol battalion of the Huai Army in Cangzhou. On July 7, Yuan Shikai entered Beijing. On July 13, the two were executed.
According to the Zhonghua Bao, Yuan Shikai personally interrogated him. Liang Tiejun talked in the hall, and when it came to the critical point, Yuan Shikai was sweating (according to the following: Yuan Shikai was afraid that Liang Tiejun would reveal his own secret dealings with the Guangxu Emperor and the reformists), quickly stopped the interrogation, and ordered his people to put him down and send him to the fourth town of the Machang Army. Report Yun: "At ten o'clock in the morning of July 13, the town suddenly received an emergency telegram from The Beijing Central Code. Wu Mou (press: Wu Daoming, that is, Liang Tiejunye) was executed, and the telegram was limited to one o'clock. The law enforcement officer of the four towns, Lu Mou, knew that Wu Haojie's men did not need to be touched by others. When the future telegraph Wu. Wu Yun: Even so, take the poison quickly, and take the jun and other official affairs. Lu Yi could not die quickly with other drugs, but bought red alum and three coins from the renhe and town drug stores (the town is the first village of the horse factory, and the control of yamen is in Yan. The name of the medicine shop is Sheng Chun Tang, and the surname of Liu in The Shop is dong). The drugs are not allowed to be sold. Later, after the escort soldiers told the original commission, they dared to sell to the guards. After returning to the town, it was immediately opened, and Wu drank it all. The abdomen is not affected, and it is immediately spit out. Wu Yun: You can buy more quickly, buy five dollars again, drink for only a few minutes, that is, the pain is unbearable, rolling on the spot. In less than a minute, the Seven Tricks bled to death. In the twelfth hour, the telegram was restored: Wu had been executed. The Law Enforcement Department was buried in the chaotic soil outside the South Wai Gate of The Horse Factory (there is a section of official land in the place, which is dedicated to the burial of the zhengfa soldiers and the thieves who were executed by Tsu. Outside, Xian Yun died of an emergency. Fan was also executed in Cangzhou at the same time. (Excerpt from "Love and The End of the Gap: Revisiting the Characters of the Late Qing Dynasty", published by Beijing Publishing House) Source: Wenhui Network
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