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Today we want to talk about the Tongzhi Emperor, to say a person clearly, we must first start from his resume, the Tongzhi Emperor's surname is Ai Xin Jueluo, named Zaichun. Born on March 23, 1856 in Chuxiu Palace, Forbidden City, Beijing, he died on January 12, 1875 at the Yangxin Temple, at the age of 19, and reigned for 13 years. The tenth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the era name "Tongzhi". His father was Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty, and his mother was Empress Xiaoqinxian of the Yehenara clan (Empress Dowager Cixi). Temple Number: Mu Zong, Courtesy Name: Ji Tian Kai Yun was buried in the Hui Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty.
Tongzhi Emperor (Ai Xin Jue Luo. Zai Chun)
From his resume, it is not difficult to find that he is an emperor who took the throne at an early age, and since there must be many helplessness in the reign at an early age, we will tell the helplessness of the Tongzhi Emperor through three aspects, divided into three parts (misfortune and luck, post-election storm, and gardening and returning to the government) to fully show the helplessness of the Tongzhi Emperor.
First, misfortune and good fortune
As the saying goes, "Ruthlessness is the most imperial family", which profoundly shows that there is no emotion in the family of ancient emperors at all, and all they have to consider is the change of power and the absorption of self-interest. Therefore, for the Tongzhi Emperor, his greatest misfortune was that he was born in the imperial family. Let's talk about his misfortune and luck in several aspects.
1. Lost his father at an early age
For an ordinary family, the father is the pillar of a family and even a family, and if the protection of the father is lost, everything in the family can be imagined. The Tongzhi Emperor was in such a big family, and when he was 6 years old, his father, the Xianfeng Emperor, died, leaving him a country with many holes. When his father was alive, he did not specially cultivate him, at this time he had no experience in governing the country, he needed someone to assist him in governing the country, and the person who assisted him was no one else, it was his birth mother, Empress Dowager Cixi, who not only did not educate him well, but he became the biggest chip for his mother to compete for power. This is a great misfortune.
Xianfeng Emperor (stills from the movie "Hanging Curtains and Listening to the Government")
2. The queen of the mother of love
During the reign of Emperor Xianfeng, Empress Dowager Cixi (then Yi Guifei) often "assisted" Emperor Xianfeng in approving the reading of the chapters, so that she had a certain degree of understanding of the government, and it was through this period of "political internship" that our Yi Guifei smoothly turned positive, and at the same time was promoted to empress dowager, and she was promoted to the third rank in a row, which can be described as a great achievement, mainly by relying on a trump card, her son, Ai Xin Jueluo. ZaiChun, became emperor, the Tongzhi Emperor at that time was only 6 years old, there was no ability to govern, so he needed external forces to help him govern the country, at that time, the Xianfeng Emperor left eight ministers to praise all government affairs, and gave Ci'an and Cixi two seals to check and balance each other, thus ensuring that the imperial power was stable. But Empress Dowager Cixi was not satisfied with the seal, it was so simple, she wanted to hold the highest power herself. Therefore, prince Yixuan of Gong jointly launched a coup d'état of Xin You, eliminating eight ministers who took care of his orders, and the two empresses bowed to the curtain to listen to the government, and the prince discussed the government. This is the second greatest misfortune. (For the specific process, see the article "The Beginning or Failure of the Xin You's Coup"))
Empress Dowager Cixi
3. Emperor Yuanshi
The teacher of the Tongzhi Emperor was the head of the Xianfeng Dynasty, and Weng Tonggong, who served as the right middle of the Zhan ShiFu, can be described as a famous teacher in the world, he has a very good teacher, he does not need to buy a school district house, and he can get the best education without paying the school choice fee, which is lucky. Unfortunately, the Tongzhi Emperor did not care about these superior conditions at all, the reading was loose, perfunctory, and there was no interest in learning at all, let's take a look at Teacher Weng's class notes: the topic 'Heavy Agriculture and Noble Millet', the poem title 'The East Wind Has Green Yingzhou Grass', dezhou characters. The text is extremely astringent, the first draft has almost no word to leave, and the imaginary words are not smooth, and the repeated word-by-word is taken apart and spoken, but it is still grouped into several paragraphs, and it has not been retired. Re-enter at noon and sit for four moments without a word. So he composed poems, and the poems were not good. Such a situation, why not! Teacher Weng gave the Tongzhi Emperor a topic of attaching importance to agricultural production, asking for poetry, the Tongzhi Emperor's literary thoughts dried up, the first draft did not have a word to leave, the teacher repeatedly opened the lecture, but he could not listen to it, and he left the class. The afternoon continued, sitting for a long time or did not write a word, the teacher sighed what to do? Afterwards, The Tongzhi Emperor also told Teacher Weng that he was so tired of reading, and he must be tired of governing the country, which was really a chore. He actually regarded the management of the country's affairs as a chore, and it is conceivable that the country he governed was not much better! There are also good teachers who do not have the cooperation of good students, and everything is in vain. There is also a good example before the Tongzhi Emperor, that is, Zhang Juzheng and the Wanli Emperor are also the same.
Weng Tonggong
Second, the post-election storm
Because Empress Dowager Cixi was greedy for power, she delayed the time for Emperor Tongzhi to be pro-government on the grounds that Emperor Tongzhi's "classics had not yet succeeded". It was not until September 15, 111 of Tongzhi that a grand wedding ceremony was held for his seventeen-year-old son Zaichun. However, when it came time to choose an empress, Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Dowager Ci'an disagreed, and Empress Dowager Ci'an proposed that the daughter of Shi Tan Chongqi be made empress, and Empress Dowager Cixi advocated that Fu Chashi, the daughter of Shilang Fengxiu, be made empress. Emperor Tongzhi himself liked the former, so he chose the Arut clan regardless of Empress Dowager Cixi's face, because with the support of Empress Dowager Ci'an, Empress Dowager Cixi had no reluctance on the surface, and was somewhat unhappy with her son in her heart, so she let Fucha, who was a concubine, monitor Emperor Tongzhi's every move. At the same time, he asked the Tongzhi Emperor to be closer to Concubine Hui and away from the empress. Our rebellious teenager is not partial, the more you let me get close to whom, the more I will alienate anyone, making the mother and son two people in the same situation, no one will bow their heads and admit their mistakes first, this is not to blame the Tongzhi Emperor, he is in the rebellious period, such a move can be understood. As a mother, Cixi should also guide her son in time, and she only cares about the struggle for power, and does not care about her son's change.
Stemming from the contradiction of the post-election issue, Empress Dowager Cixi was full of anger at this daughter-in-law in her heart, and the same Alut clan did not handle the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law very well, resulting in the tragic end of the Alut clan in the future, which we will share with you in future articles.
Empress Tongzhi (Aluth)
Third, the establishment of the park returns to the government
In 1873, the first month of the twelfth year of Tongzhi, the Tongzhi Emperor was 18 years old at the time, and compared with his ancestors, he was the latest to get married. The family law of the Qing Dynasty stipulated that the emperor could only be pro-government after the big wedding, and the Tongzhi Emperor finally took the government personally. After his nominal pro-government work, he also did some things, such as receiving foreign envoys, accepting foreign envoys' credentials, establishing foreign affairs, cultivating foreign affairs talents, sending students abroad, sending people to investigate abroad, and so on. However, Tongzhi only had more than a year of pro-government time, and one of the major things he personally presided over was the reconstruction of the Yuanmingyuan. Why did he rebuild the Yuanmingyuan in a hurry? Knowing that the mother is like a son, the Tongzhi Emperor is well aware of the mother's love for power, and hopes to make the mother completely abandon the government through the cultivation of the garden, and stay between the landscapes, flowers and birds, which is the real purpose of his garden. On the surface, Cixi returned to the government by withdrawing the curtain, but in fact she still had her heart set on the government. In order to fulfill his mother's wish, the Tongzhi Emperor could not actually fulfill this wish at all, mainly because the treasury was empty. In September, the Tongzhi Emperor issued an edict: The Yuanmingyuan was built as a place for the empress dowager of the two palaces to live and the emperor to listen to the government, and let the princes and officials inside and outside the capital donate to the repairs. Prince Gong Yixun was embarrassed to completely refuse, filial piety silver 20,000 taels, instructed the household department to first allocate 20,000 taels of silver. After the appropriation, the imperial court shook. Then the hundred officials neglected to oppose the reconstruction of the Yuanmingyuan. Yushi Shenhuai asked for a delay in the renovation of the Yuanmingyuan project. The Tongzhi Emperor was furious and immediately summoned Shen Huai to sternly declare his responsibility. Then Yushi You Baichuan went up to the obstruction, and the Tongzhi Emperor issued an edict to dismiss You Baichuan from his post. After a period of preparation, in the first month of the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874), the reconstruction project of the Yuanmingyuan was started successively at the Zhengda Guangming Hall and the Tiandi Family Spring (formerly Cixi's residence). In April, the Tongzhi Emperor inspected the Yuanmingyuan, and Cixi personally looked at the drawings and repaired no less than 3,000 temples. On the sixth day of the first month of July, Li Guangzhao, a Guangdong businessman, claimed to be "Li Supervisor of the Yuanmingyuan" and fraudulently defrauded 300,000 taels of silver by purchasing wood from the garden, which aroused opposition from the courtiers. On July 18, Prince Gong Yixuan, University Scholar Wenxiang and ten other people (three princes and counties, three imperial ministers, three military ministers, and one master) joined hands to stop the Yuanmingyuan project, and the Tongzhi Emperor and the ten important ministers had several face-to-face debates, and he knew that he was wrong and still did not repent.
Prince Gong Yixuan
When everyone repeatedly objected, the Tongzhi Emperor prepared to issue an edict announcing the dismissal of the ten ministers on the charge of "Ponbi for adultery and conspiracy". The empress dowager of the two palaces saw that things were making a big fuss and had to mediate. According to Wu Rulunri, when summoned, "the two palaces wept above, and the emperor knelt down." In the past ten years, why does WugongDi have today? The emperor has not changed anything, and yesterday he wrote an edict to revoke Yunyun." As a result, the edict for the office of the Tenth Minister was not issued, and the Yuanmingyuan was rebuilt and the Sanhai was repaired. Under the obstruction of Yi Xun and others, the Tongzhi Emperor said, "How can I stop working!" Oh wait! "On the 29th, the construction of the Yuanmingyuan project was stopped. The reconstruction of the Yuanmingyuan project was Cixi's will, and Yi Xun's obstruction angered Cixi. On the thirtieth day, ZaiChun issued an edict: "The prince will be hereditary and demoted to the position of king of the county." "This time, there are 100 500 pavilions and pavilions that are basically formed after the roof, construction, gluing, and unveiling. On the first day of August, the Tongzhi Emperor issued an edict: "Emperor Yi of Ci'an Duanyu Kangqing and Empress Dowager Cixi Duanyou Kangyi: The Emperor yesterday sent a decree to depose Prince Gong and depose Prince Gong and demote him to the position of Prince of Junwang,...... The Prince of Grace rewarded prince Shijue for "Yun Yun." The Three Seas Project of xiyuan was repaired.
Tongzhi Emperor writing diagram
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Through a series of analyses, we found that the Tongzhi Emperor, who was an emperor of a generation, did not have the brilliance that ordinary people looked like, and the pain could only be experienced by being in it. In fact, in the end, he was unfortunate, out of the imperial family, everything was not up to himself, including the choice of his own spouse. This choice of his led to many tragic ends for himself and his queen. However, this is an afterthought, and we will share it with you in future articles. I am Yihao, the next article is more exciting, will continue to share history for you, stay tuned!