"Towards Yue Yue,
Huiduanxi College,
There are Guangning Yin Ye Shou Chun, Jie Shi also,
Take the second "canon" and the third "Mo" as a question..."
—— Li Cai's "Book of Chapters with Hong"
As we all know, Duanxi College is the first of the four major colleges in Lingnan, and it is also the earliest one to be founded.
As the founder and first mountain chief of an ancient academy that stretches for hundreds of years, Li Cai is the most insurmountable person.
Li Cai not only founded Duanxi Academy, but also injected a different background color and development genes into this college.
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The first academy, worship the true Confucianism
In the short period of 4 years in Lingxi (1571--1574), Li Cai founded many academies, and Duanxi Academy was the most well-known of the many academies he founded and taught, and the academy itself was a dazzling stroke in his literary and governance deeds.
In the first year of the Wanli Dynasty (1573), Li Cai founded Duanxi Academy at the former site of the Drum Casting Bureau on the west side of the Zhaoqing Fu Xuegong (the northwest corner of The Present-day Zhongzhong Middle School in Guangdong, No. 167 Chengzhong Road, Duanzhou), that is, on the left side of the West Provincial Bureau of the Patrol Ridge.
Ancient End State
When it was, "the second student members of the government and the county submitted a proposal to change the idle private summer of the main province to the academy, and submitted the approval of the Mongolian and Mongolian courts (Zhaoqing Province) to repair it."
These texts and records, in addition to Appearing in Li Cai's own official transfer, also appear in Hu Zhi's "Records of Duanxi Academy" in the second year of the Wanli Calendar, all of which accurately indicate that Li Cai founded the Duanxi Academy with the permission and even support of the official and governor Yin Zhengmao.
For example, Hu Zhi's "Records of Duanxi Academy" said:
"Now Sima Gu She Yin Gong (殷正茂) and Da Zhongcheng (大中丞), Bingyu Came south, moved to Zhenduan Prefecture, the overseer sought peace, and annihilated dozens of caves in the second phase, and the people were restored to an unstoppable. The Gong Nai urged the subordinates to pay attention to the origin of the disorder.
Therefore, Li Jun (Li Cai) of BingXian Fengcheng accepted the will of the public and abolished the Suiying Branch Division to daxing yu indoctrination and asked Yu Gong to allow it.
Nai Yan Qi Tang is known as a certain hall, which is taught in a special meeting; a little benefit is used as a house next to it, so as to be a majority; there is a pond pavilion to swim in the apartment, down to the Ku Li Stables, which is titled Duanxi Academy. Both (Jun) [竣], travel thousands of miles, entrusted to a certain ... After the ancients put up the text after the Jingwu, how to draw jiye. The merits of the present gong regard Jiang Han as both fierce, but also Li Jun, who belongs to Xingwen, and the king does not fake the official, because it is still consistent, and it is completed, and its affairs are traced to the ancients. ”
Floor plan of Duanxi Academy during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (figure from the Internet)
However, the original of "University" is the origin of the publication. A certain former Yue Shi, with Wen Gongzhi, retreated to Li Jun's also."
Hu Zhi's "Li Jun" is Li Cai, and Hu Zhi here says that when he was an envoy in Guangdong in the sixth year of Longqing, he had studied with Yin Zhengmao and heard the purpose of his "University", so he retired to "co-conspire" with Li Cai.
Reading through Hu Zhi's notes helps us understand the historical background of the founding of Duanxi Academy. At that time, Li Cai helped Yin Zhengmao to put down the rebellion and resist the Wu militarily and made significant progress, and at this moment, Yin Zhengmao's demand for the rise of culture and education had become an objective need.
Therefore, Li Cai's petition to create a college at this time may not be a move to his liking. In this way, with the support of Yin Zhengmao, coupled with the efforts of local scholars and other people, Li Cai's Duanxi Academy was finally founded.
Interior furnishings of the ancient academy (picture from the Internet)
For the founding Duanxi Academy, Li Cai established many far-reaching good traditions at the beginning, one of which was to establish the system of "worshiping true Confucianism", the so-called "relying on the disciples of the mind, must be able to express the true Confucianism, and know the zongfan".
During the construction of Duanxi Academy, Li Cai suggested that Zhou Dunyi and Wang Yangming be worshipped in the academy. According to Liu Yong's doctoral dissertation on "Teaching Activities and Genre Construction of the Middle and Late Ming Scholars" - (Li Cai)
"There is an old Lianxi Ancestral Hall in chadefu, secluded in the corner of the box, overlooking the riverbank, and the scale of the compound is shallow and narrow, approaching the city noise, originally rebuilt for the Tianfei Temple, so between the door screens, there is still a statue of the Tianfei. One altar and two ancestors are not only not so proper confucians, but also not so Ning Tianfei.
According to the Eunuch Youling Table, advocating The Taoism, expounding the lineage of the Thousand Saints, and being a teacher of hundreds of generations, there is still Yang Ming outside the Lianxi, which seems to be able to be worshipped and not abandoned. Corresponding to the lecture hall of the college, because the old is the new, the worship of the universe is established. Spring and Autumn ceremonies are held as usual, and the fee for burning and repairing can be summoned when it is seen that there is a ruined site of the teaching site, that is, there is no worry about the lack of care in the years, and the former land will not be wasted. ”
The Lingxi region to which Li Cai belonged was directly under the jurisdiction of Zhaoqing and Gaozhou
This proposal was quickly approved by Zhang Yanxi of Gaoyaozhi County, Ye Zhenyuan, the scholar of Zhaoqing Province, and Teng Jiading, the teaching of Gaoyao County, and soon added the two Confucian shrines in the academy.
It is worth mentioning that this tradition established by Li Cai has been preserved by Duanxi Academy, and after the restoration of Duanxi Academy in the early Qing Dynasty, a special place of worship was opened, MingjingXian Pavilion, with Confucius in the cabinet, and the sages Zhou Zi and Zhu Zi on the upper left. In addition, the famous mountain chief in the history of Duanxi Academy will also become the object of worship, such as the famous Quan Zuwang has Xie Shan Ancestral Hall, and Li Cai, as the founder of the academy, naturally did not fall.
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Daxing Lectures, Cultural and Educational Center
Li Cai liked to run a college all his life and loved to lecture. Everywhere he went, he focused on lecturing, and even when he was in the army, he still enjoyed it.
Later generations of scholars, when it comes to seeing Luo's lectures, often praise him for having the so-called "religious enthusiasm"! It was in Lingxi, centered on Zhaoqing, for several years that Li Cai's lectures also reached a climax of his.
Ancient Academy Lecture Chart (Picture from the Internet)
Li Cai, who first came to Lingxi at the beginning of his tenure, did not forget to give a lecture, "Sir get off the bus, that is, the Confucian disciples in the group, and talk about the study of the mind every day." ”
The Chongzhen "Chronicle of Zhaoqing Province" records it in more detail:
"First of all, the person concerned is afraid of his head and tail, and he is generous and daring, smells the thief, sharpens his body, and the thief annihilates. Gu Yangjiang, Xinxing, Enping, Yangchun are all perceivers. Talk about it, so that the academy will be opened, the disciples will be gathered to give lectures, and the scholars will rise."
Here, he not only lectured in many colleges he founded, but also went to many official schools. Some of his lectures and his lectures in these places have survived.
As far as Duanxi Academy is concerned, after the completion of the academy, Li Cai has successively come here to give lectures on "Knowing the Original Meaning" and "Knowing the Saying", that is, the "Theory of Stopping Cultivation" that he pioneered.
Under the title of the "Book of Seeing Mr. Luo", which is now circulated and printed by later generations of protégés, there is a note that reads "Duanxi Shu Academician Friendly Writings". This shows the weight of Duanxi Academy in Li Cai's heart and his special attention to Duanxi Academy.
From Duanxi Academy to Guangdong Zhaoqing Middle School
In fact, Li Cai's lectures in Lingxi were very popular and well received. At that time, the audience of the academy's lectures was called "scholars", and they not only included students selected from various local officials and scholars, but also many other people to participate.
At that time, many officials, including Yang Shizhong of Deqing Zhizhou, Wang Xuzhi of Dianbaizhi County, Shen Jian of Enpingzhi County, and Wang Minshun of Xinxingzhi County, all gave lectures and exchanges with Li Cai.
It was this kind of grand situation of the academy's lectures that Made Shen Jian, who was also a member of Enpingzhi County, still remember it many years later: "I belong to the hundred deacons, so that Mr. Jinsheng of the township, the scholarly and young people, the benzene gathered together, the four corners were divided, thousands of generations, doubters asked, and enlightened people were questioned." The master also follows the buckle and sounds, and there is no distinction between the wise and the wise, and the words must be detailed, and the hope will be reached. ”
More than 400 years later,
Li Cai's descendants came to Zhaoqing again
Displays genealogies that record li cai's related deeds
More than twenty years after leaving Lingxi, the lectures of Duanxi Academy have never been forgotten.
When he was in Shubian, Fujian Province, Li Cai repeatedly recalled to the disciples, "To Yue Yue, Huiduanxi Academy, there are Guangning Yin Ye Shouchun, Jie Shiye, citing the two "Classics" and the three "Mo" as a question..."
In short, the Duanxi Academy, which has devoted a lot of effort and expectation to Li Cai, has become a cultural and educational center where students, scholars, and even prefectural and county officials from all over Lingxi gather to give lectures and the Tao, and it is not an exaggeration to say that its grandeur is unprecedented.
It is also the multi-faceted soft and hard power laid by Li Cai for the creation and development of the college, so that Duanxi College had the foundation to develop into a Lingnan academic and cultural center in the early Qing Dynasty, and eventually became a veritable Liangguang First College. (To be continued)
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