Tieling Yingang College
At the foot of the scenic Longshou Mountain, there is a historic academy called Yingang Academy. The college is adjacent to the Tieling Museum located on Hongqi Street in Yinzhou District. Nearby points of interest include Lei Feng Primary School and Yinzhou Experimental Primary School. The founder of this academy was Hao Yu, a jinshi during the reign of Qing Shunzhi and the imperial envoy of Huguang Province. Hao Yu character ice polyester, the number of the snow sea, and later more called Fuyang. He has few talents. Be upright. During his reign in Sichuan, he was deposed in September of the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1654) for impeaching the powerful wu Sangui at the time. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, in order to find the remaining monks, he came to Tieling and built this academy in the South Gate, accepted disciples, and made friends with scholars and celebrities. Hao Yu lived in Tieling for nearly eighteen years, until the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1675), when Wu Sangui was accused of opposing the Qing Dynasty, he was reinstated as an official.
After Hao Yu left, in order to commemorate him, people turned his study into Hao Gong Ancestral Hall for worship and sacrifice. Yinggang Academy has always been a famous institution in the Liaohai region. After the suspension of the examination, it was converted into a primary school, and two years later it was changed to an persuasion school.
In the spring of 1910, the 12-year-old Zhou Enlai came to the northeast with his uncle and studied at Yinggang Academy for half a year. Yinggang Academy now covers an area of 1500 square meters, with a construction area of 420 square meters, retaining 15 brick and wood structures of the Qing Dynasty, consisting of a gatehouse, an east-west wing, a main room and a Hao Gong Ancestral Hall. In order to commemorate Comrade Zhou Enlai, in 1979, the college was officially set aside as a memorial hall for the former site of Comrade Zhou Enlai's juvenile reading, and in 1988 it was listed as a cultural relics protection unit in Liaoning Province.
Yinggang Academy is not only the only and most completely preserved ancient academy in northeast China, but also because it was set aside as the memorial hall of comrade Zhou Enlai's former reading site, Yinggang Academy has been designated as a provincial cultural relics protection unit, a provincial patriotic education demonstration base, a national AAA-level tourist attraction, a provincial red tourism base, and a comprehensive memorial hall carrying the ancient academy culture, revolutionary culture, and garden culture.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" > Hao Yu, founder of Yinggang Academy</h1>
The founder of Yinggang Academy was Hao Yu, a northeastern streamer in the early Qing Dynasty. According to the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty", Hao Yuzi Xuehai, Bingdi, Fuyang, directly subordinate to the People of Dingzhou (present-day Dingxian County, Hebei). Shunzhi entered the priesthood for six years, was appointed as the chief of the Punishment Department, changed the imperial history of Huguang Province in eight years, and was ordered to patrol Sichuan. In the ninth year of Shunzhi, when Hao Yu was patrolling Sichuan, he was ordered to supervise the linxiang test in Baoning City, when Zhang Xianzhong's subordinate Liu Wenxiu led tens of thousands of people to besiege Baoning City. And after the liberation of Baoning, a reward was awarded to the generals, and Wu Sangui rewarded Hao Yu with a crown, but Hao Yu refused to accept it, and said in the "Baoning Song Jie Shu" on it, "Ping Thief is the responsibility of the King of Pingxi (Wu Sangui), and the subject (Hao Yu) Si Fengxian is not military." And the courtiers give rewards, and the non-rewarding ministers are jealous of the courtiers", and do Chen Sangui's wait-and-see", by accumulating resentment against Wu Sangui. Two years later, in the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1654), the Three Gui Nai Baths had the phrase "pro-risk Yashi" in the "Baoning Song Jie Shu", which referred to impeachment. "The ministers should sit dead, and the orders should be obeyed, and the exiles should be worshipped." Since then, Hao Yuliu has lived in Shenyang and Tieling, and has spent a long 22 years of exile life.
In September of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Hao Yu came to Shenyang with his whole family, began to live temporarily in the home of a friend named Wang Defu, and moved to the south of Shenyang a few months later, which clearly wrote in his article "The Record of Tieling Yiyan", "Yu Who Shen lived in Nanguo". Hao Yu lived in Shenyang for four years before moving to Tieling. Hao Yu wrote to himself: "In the lower ridge of Wu Shu in May, Bu was built on the right side of the south gate, square ten acres, and there were three study rooms in the middle, with a garden planting vegetables in the front, a garden planting flowers in the back, and a bedroom on the left wall."
In the tenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1671), emperor Xuanye of the Qing Dynasty made his first eastern tour, and Hao Yu heard the news and greeted him on the way to Fengtian, and with Chen's grievances, XuanYe was moved and comforted. Two years later, during the San Francisco Rebellion and the Wu Sangui Rebellion, Hao Yu was able to quell the grievances, and in the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1675), Hao Yu was ordered to "return from his original post". Just when Hao Yu was about to return to the Beijing Division, he sighed with great emotion, "Yu Drama!" Non-my silver gang, I have to have this day also! Non-I Supreme I have to have this silver gang one day also! So he "wept and caressed Yinggang" and left it "as a academy", which is the time when The Yingang Academy was officially named, that is, in the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1675). Hao Yu left an educational place for Tieling, and left books and real estate for use in running schools, which was a major contribution to Tieling culture.
In addition, Hao Yu spent nearly twenty years in Tieling pen cultivation, tongue cultivation. At that time, due to the war in Tieling, the culture was greatly disabled, and Hao Yu, with his profound knowledge, set up a tent at home to run a school, teach the classics of science, train students, popularize culture, and learn from a few scholars, thus making Tieling culture have a new vitality.
Hao Yu wrote many poems in Tieling, reflecting the reality of Tieling and expressing sympathy for the people. He praised the scenery of Longshou Mountain with a strong emotional, romantic and colorful pen. His essays "Guandi Temple Blessing Text", "Yiyan Ji", "Yingang Academy Record", monographs "Mencius Solution", "Yinzhou Quotations", "Ziyang Broken Chapter" and paintings "Yinzhou Snow Map" are all important heritage of Northern Liaoning culture.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="99" > Yinggang Academy and Liaobei Cultural Education</h1>
In the center of Tieling City, Liaoning Province, there is a Qing Dynasty cultural and educational site, Yingang Academy. It has a history of more than 330 years. It is the earliest place in northeast China where the Qing Dynasty studied the history of the classics in preparation for the examination of the imperial examination, and occupies a very important position in the history of the development of culture and education in northern Liaoning. The ruins of the academy sit north and face south, and the existing area is about 7,000 square meters. Its building was originally a three-story layout of east, west and middle, with the atrium being the main body, east and west like the wings of an airplane. Today, only the atrium is well preserved, a two-entry courtyard, all of which are hard mountain buildings. The gate of the college is made of wooden vermilion paint, and the door panel is covered with milk nails. On the rafters of the gate lintel there are four golden seal characters "Wenyun Huichang". In front of the door, there are one horse stone on each side of the door. Opposite the gate, there is a green brick shadow wall about 4 meters high and 5.6 meters wide, and the four characters of "Yingang Academy" are sculpted on the shadow wall. Inside the gate is a courtyard, facing five main halls, and the east and west compartments are three rooms each. The main hall is a hard hill front and back corridor style building, and the frieze frame on the corridor is inlaid with painted peony "pond fang", "goose tail" and "bird substitute". There is a moon gate on the east and west sides in front of the main hall, which is the original passage to the east-west courtyard and into the second courtyard. The five main halls in the second courtyard are the study rooms of the founder of The Yinggang Academy, who was exiled in the Qing Dynasty to the Huguang Province, Yushi Haoyu, who lived in the Qing Dynasty, and in the fifty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty, his son Hao Lin and others rebuilt and expanded the Yinggang Academy. In the second year of Xuanun (1910), the twelve-year-old Zhou Enlai studied at The Yinggang Academy, so the former site of the current Yinggang Academy was set aside as the "Memorial Hall of the Former Site of Zhou Enlai's Youth Reading" and was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Liaoning Province.
The founder of Yingang Academy- Hao Yu (1623-1683), the character Xuehai, Bingdi, the number Fuyang. His ancestral home was Hongdong County, Shanxi, and he later moved to Tangcheng, Ding County, Hebei Province. In 1649, he entered the territory, and in 1651, he was appointed as the inspector of The Imperial History of Huguang Province in Sichuan. In 1653, he was ordered to go to The City of Baoning in Sichuan to supervise the trial of Linxiang, when Wu Xianzhong's troops besieged Liu Wenxiu with tens of thousands of troops, and the situation was critical. Hao Yu wrote a letter to Wu Sangui, the king of Pingxi, asking for help, and Wu delayed for more than a month to send troops to break the siege. Wu Sangui blessed Hao with a crown to cover his mouth. Hao Yu saw through his intentions, refused to accept it, and presented the "Baoning Song Jie Shu" with the emperor, pointing out that the Ping Thief was the king of Pingxi (Wu Sangui) and the subject (Hao Yu) Si Fengxian, and did not use the military, but rewarded him with his subjects, and non-party ministers were jealous of his subjects. The article also fully described wu Sangui's situation at that time. Therefore, he resented Wu Sangui. After Wu Sangui learned of this, he also wrote to the emperor to play a copy of Hao Yu, reprimanding Hao Yu for "pro-risking Yashi language" and should be sentenced to death, but the emperor finally had compassion, spared Hao Yu's death, and moved to heaven from leniency. ①
Hao Yu went to Fengtian with his family in September 1654, and four years later settled in Yinzhou (Tieling) and built three huts. Hao Yu has his own account of this: "Wu shu May Xialing (Tieling), Bu built on the right side of the south gate, fang ten acres, the middle is three libraries, the front has a garden to plant vegetables, the back has a garden to plant flowers, the left wall of my bedroom, the right wall of the area are all my friends and even houses and live." (2) This is the prototype of Ginoka Academy. Hao Yu was exiled to the northeast for 22 years and spent eighteen spring and autumn seasons in Tieling. Later, Wu Sangui rebelled, and Hao Yu was able to quell the injustice. In the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Hao Yu went to Beijing to resume his post, and he was full of emotions, and before leaving, he "wept and caressed Yingang and left it as a academy" (3) The Name of Yinggang Academy was thus given.
Hao Yu was exiled in Tieling, in the face of adversity and not sad, not willing to be silent and full of life, determined to study and teach apprentices. The plaque of the pro-book "To the Hall of Knowledge" hangs above the lintel. Painting Confucian statues on the indoor walls, immersing himself in the exploration of Confucian classics, and annotating mencius's interpretation of the Ziyang Broken Chapter, Phi Xing And Dai Yue tirelessly.
During this period, some celebrities from Fengtian, Anshan, Fushun, Liaoyang, Kaiyuan and other places came one after another, such as Zuo Maotai, who lived in the northeast in the Ming Dynasty, who was a famous poet and writer, and the official went to Huguang to participate in the government. There are also famous monks Han ke (leftover monks) and so on. These people are connected with Hao Yu's fate, because Hao Yu is sincere and enthusiastic in his treatment of people, and he is knowledgeable, so these people often come and go, talk about the past and the present, explore the philosophy of life, sing and sing, deliberate on the text, consider the poetry, and leave many popular poems. Hao Yu is committed to education and is supported by all parties in society. In the Ming Dynasty, the officials Zuo Maotai and Dai Guoshi sent their sons to Hao Yumen to be educated. There were dozens of students, different ages, and different qualities, and Hao Yu did not care at all, and conscientiously preached, taught, and solved puzzles. Comment on the meritorious mistakes of the emperors and generals of the past, analyze the reasons for the Taiping Dynasty, tell the history of the scriptures, guide the writing, and cooperate with the examination. He regarded the new theory formed after the convergence of the ideas of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism in the past as the main content of teaching and teaching, and adhered to the teaching methods of "learning the new from the past" and "knowing the qualities of the past". Day after day, year after year, students have graduated one after another, creating many talents, some engaged in politics and business, and some engaged in culture and education. Such as the Zuo brothers, Zuo Weisheng, Zuo Xinsheng, Zuo Zhesheng. Dai Zunxian, Dai Shengxian, Dai Patrolxian, and other descendants of the Dai clan all became celebrities of Northeast China at that time. Hao Yu was not willing to sink in a difficult situation, had a frank heart, was enthusiastic about cultural and educational undertakings, and won the trust and love of the people of Tieling.
In order to fund local schools, Hao Yu donated three thatched houses, a number of old books, and more than 200 acres of good land to the local government office, waiting for "those who have heeled to Wugang and tacitly understood the purpose of bathing for a day." (4) Hao Yu has been engaged in education at Yingang Academy for 18 years, and the educational seeds he sowed have blossomed and borne fruit in the fertile soil of northern Liaoning. As he wrote in the poem "Silver Gang Xing": "The morning pulpit sings Yao Shun, and the green color of a thousand mountains falls on The Silver Gang can know that the Heavenly Dao will eventually return to the right, and from then on the DanShan will rise from the phoenix." ”
Although Hao Yu himself is gone, the Yingang Academy he founded is becoming more and more prosperous in the land of Northern Liaoning. To this day, there are still stone tablets written by Hao Lin's "Inscription wall of Yinggang Academy" and Jiao Xianyou's "Trek Wall". The revival of Yingang Academy, Fengtian Yin Haolin, Tieling County Ling Jiao Xianyou, and Yiren Xu Yuanbi's meritorious deeds have left an unforgettable impression in the minds of future generations. During the Guangxu years, Zeng Xianwen, who was the general director of the academy at the time of the Penghu Reform Law, also made great contributions to the academy. He was zhou Enlai's teacher when he was a teenager at Yingang Academy, deeply influenced by Western thought, enthusiastic about cultural and educational undertakings, actively advocating new learning, and presiding over the affairs of The Yingang Academy, often working tirelessly to travel around and persuade the children of the people to enroll.
In the 29th year of Guangxu, all parts of the northeast adopted a hesitant and wait-and-see attitude toward running new schools, and Zeng Xianwen, with the support of Zhao Yichen of Zhixian County, took the lead in adopting a Western-style way of running schools and established the Yinggang Academy Primary School, which was established a year earlier than the start-up time of the private Nankai School in Tianjin. (5) After this, the scale of the college gradually expanded, and its influence spread throughout northern Liaoning. The number of students has increased dramatically, reaching more than 300 students at any time. Famous teachers from all over the northeast came to the academy to lecture on scholars who were "full of years." The academy took the lead in implementing educational reforms, breaking the old school-running model. A new school system of seven years of primary school, four years of primary education, and three years of higher education was established. In the 32nd year of Guangxu, a two-year middle school class of "simple teacher training class" was added, followed by courses in Chinese language, mathematics, history, geography and other courses in the curriculum, and third, in terms of management, the scholarship system was implemented to reward students with excellent character and learning. He also used "the income from Hao Gong's inheritance to extend the 'mountain chief', and used daily classes as a reward for the soldiers' anointing fire." During the Republic of China, this clause was supplemented: "Hao Gong's inheritance collects student loan fees in order to achieve shabby children." "Half of the interest on the loan is limited to one year after graduation." (6) This practice is undoubtedly very progressive, inheriting and carrying forward the spirit of Hao Yu's enthusiasm for cultural and educational undertakings.
Hao Yu is the founder and educational practitioner of Yinggang Academy. Hao Lin, Jiao Xianyou, Xu Yuanbi, and Zeng Xianwen inherited and developed Hao Yu's career. It is these people who have made Yinggang Academy play an important role in the history of culture and education in northern Liaoning. Therefore, later generations praised The Silver Gang Academy as "brilliant spirit" and compared it with the famous four major colleges of Songshan, White Deer Cave, Yuelu and Shigu in the country, and listed it as the fifth (7), although this seems to be self-proclaimed, it is not difficult to see from it that the Silver Gang Academy is still quite influential at least in the northeast.
First of all, Yinggang Academy pioneered the cultural education of northern Liaoning and became the cultural and educational center of this place. Before Hao Yu lived in Tieling, the local culture and education were very backward, according to local history records: "Tieling ancient neighbors deserted fresh residents lack of culture and education, lack of scholars. Since Hao Yu who lived here, he founded the Yingang Academy to lecture without quitting, "the first to open the culture of Benyi", "to say lilly, Dun poetry, culture gradually opened, shizhi to learn", "people know that they will multiply and divide, to this day, or for the light of the country, or for the glory of Luli", "the style of writing has risen". (8) Yinggang Academy has brought about major changes in cultural education in northern Liaoning. It ranks first and central in the culture and education of northern Liaoning, and has influenced the urban and rural areas of northern Liaoning. In the three years from the 29th to the 31st year of Guangxu alone, more than 100 regular schools were established successively. At the same time, a new management agency was established in Yinggang Academy to be responsible for the guidance and management of urban and rural schools in northern Liaoning. ⑨
Secondly, Yinggang Academy is the cradle of cultivating talents. Hao Yu has made great contributions to teaching here for eighteen years and cultivating talents. According to the Fengtian Tongzhi, "Hao Yu and others either passed on their families by poetry, or by educating and educating the customs, and civilization imported practical benefits, and wherever they experienced, they smoked their virtue and the good people were innumerable." The "Chronicle of Tieling County" also records: "Tieling culture does not have a public who enlightens it, and after the revival of humanities, the Kodi is continuous, and there are generations of people, called the grandeur of literary style." Most of the students trained by Hao Yu have become celebrities in the cultural circles of northern Liaoning and even northeast China. And there are many poetic works passed down, including "Fengtian Tongzhi", "Thousand Mountains Poetry Collection", "Tieling County Chronicle", "Selected Poems of Northeast Liuren" and other historical works. According to historical statistics, during the Republic of China alone, 132 people graduated from Yinggang Academy and were admitted to domestic colleges and universities, and 26 people studied abroad.
During the Xuan reunification period, the twelve-year-old Zhou Enlai studied in the academy. In 1962, after Premier Zhou Enlai inspected Shenyang, he decided to go to Tieling. Deng Yingchao, who accompanied the premier, recalled that the night before their departure, Premier Zhou could not sleep for a long time. After arriving at Tieling, Premier Zhou mentioned Yinggang Academy again. This shows that Premier Zhou has a special affection for the academy. In September 1946, Zhou Enlai and the American journalist Li Boman mentioned in a conversation: "When I was twelve, I left home to go to Tieling, Northeast China, because my father and uncle were working there. I entered elementary school in Tieling" and began to read revolutionary books, which was the key to my ideological transformation. ”
Ren Fuchen was a student of Ginoka Academy. During the October Revolution, he served as the first head of the Chinese regiment of the Red Army and was awarded the Order of the Highest Red Banner of the USSR. Revolutionary martyr Shi Pu was a student of Yinggang Academy, who died in 1937 on the Yuhuatai in Nanjing. Yinggang Academy cultivated a large number of talents for the society at that time, and also cultivated many talents for new China. Some people use "Old Tree" as the title of the praise of Ginoka Academy, which is quite valuable. His poem says: "The old tree is full of shade, and whenever the wind and rain do the dragon chant, the money is cast year after year, and it is always not found when it falls into the world." "Countless money" refers to the number of talents, and "always not looking" refers to the high quality of talents. This is the historical merit of Ginoka Academy's cultivation of talents. As for the educational purpose of the academy, the content is limited by history, and today's people cannot be harsh on their predecessors.
It is precisely because Yinggang Academy has made great contributions and long-term influence in the history of cultural and educational development in northern Liaoning, so the people will not forget it. Since its official opening in October 1979 as the Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall, Yinggang Academy has received about 170,000 visitors in the past 16 years. Among them, nearly 1,000 visitors from 19 countries in the world. After 1990, some important leaders of the country and audiences from all walks of life expressed great concern for the academy. Premier Li Peng personally inscribed the name of the museum for the academy: "Memorial Hall of the Former Site of Zhou Enlai's Reading in Tieling City." Wang Renzhong, Zhang Aiping, Ma Wenrui and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation have successively given speeches, hoping that the memorial hall will continue to become a "school for cultivating the descendants of the revolution." The message written by Director Wang Chonglu of the Central Propaganda Department after visiting the academy was: "Longshan Liaobei Cuigang Kai, Yuxiu Zhong Ling as a talent, patriotic and patriotic and patriotic and religious, spring wind peach and plum full of doors." Mr. Cui Peng, the eldest son of Mr. Cui Zhenhuan, the defender of Premier Zhou at the time of the Xi'an Double Twelve Incident and the former battalion commander of the Northeast Military Lieutenant Colonel, left a message: "The academy educates talents, its merits are yin and yin through the ages, And China is now hopeful, and the prosperity of the world will be passed down to five continents." The audience's message expressed the common will of the broad masses of the people. Yingang Academy has now become an important window for The City of Tieling in Liaoning Province to publicize Northern Liaoning.
exegesis:
(1) (2) (3) (4) Fengtian Tongzhi Yiwen XIX, vol. 241.
(5) In 1985, the fourth issue of "Literature" "Yan Fansun Self-defined Chronological Order".
(6) The Twenty Years of the Republic of China, "Tieling County Continuation and Education", Volume II.
(7) (9) The Twenty Years of the Republic of China, "History of Tieling County, Education", Volume V.
(8) Twenty Years of the Republic of China, "Tieling County Chronicles, Xiangxian", Volume 10.
Tieling Literature and History Materials Volume III: Hao Yu and Yinggang Academy
Wang Guoxing
Throughout the ages, no matter who it is, as long as he has done something beneficial to the people, the people will never forget him.
Whenever people come to the memorial hall of the former site of Zhou Enlai's reading in Tieling to commemorate Premier Zhou, they naturally think of the history of Yinggang Academy and its founder Hao Yu.
Hao Yu, the word Bingdi, also spelled Xuehai, Fuyang, Zhongshan is his number, directly subordinate to the People of Dingzhou. In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), he was promoted to the rank of chief of the Punishment Department. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), he changed the history of Huguang Province and toured Sichuan. In September of the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1654), he was impeached for wu sangui, and the minister sat dead, and later from the kuan who Shu Fengtian (present-day Shenyang). In May of the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), he migrated to Tieling and lived on the right side of the South Gate, the former site of Yinggang Academy. Who lived here for eighteen years, and in the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1675), the Holy Ancestor Xuan Ye was unjustly wronged, summoned back from his original position, and reinstated the imperial history of Huguang Province. In the nineteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1680), he was appointed as the Governor of Guangxi. Kangxi died in the 22nd year (1683) of the Renshou.
Hao Yu's life was bumpy and bumpy, and he spent his time in exile when he was young and promising. He was about to develop his ambitions, but he died prematurely due to overwork. He was an official twice, for thirteen years, and it can be said that he was just and honest, loyal to the king and loved the people, not afraid of power, not favoritism, loved by the people, and jealous of corrupt officials and mediocre officials.
In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), Hao Yu was appointed as the imperial history of Huguang Province, and toured Sichuan, and found that Wu Sangui, the king of Pingxi, and his subordinates were arrogant and oppressive. They were greedy in the name of conquest of Chuannan Caokou. Many strict measures were taken to limit their illegal acts and punish a number of corrupt officials and corrupt officials, and the people clapped their hands and applauded. Wu Sangui and his henchmen hated Hao To the bone. Once, when Hao Yu was in Baoning to supervise the trial in Linxiang, Sun Kewang heard that tens of thousands of people were dispatched to besiege Baoning City in an attempt to kill Hao Yu. In the precarious situation of The City of Boryeong, Hao Yu asked Wu Sangui Fei, who was stationed in Mianzhou, for help, while Wu Sangui waited and watched. Hao Yu flew again and provoked great righteousness: "If you don't die a thief, you will die in the law", and Wu Sangui had to send troops to support. However, more than a month later, the fighter planes had long been delayed, and Boryeong City suffered undue losses.
When Wu Sangui's soldiers entered Sichuan, they became more and more arrogant, and their subordinates were also lawless, but they were afraid of Hao Yu's solemnity, so they forbade all kinds of Tang reports and deliberately cut off the connection between the common people and Hao Yu. When Hao Yu learned of this, he was very angry. He blamed himself to the imperial court: "The courtiers are the eyes and ears of the imperial court, and if this is the case, an envoy will be used?"
Sun Kewang withdrew his troops and The siege of Boryeong was lifted. Wu Sangui rewarded the soldiers, and also gave a crown dress to Hao Yu, who was not allowed to resign. And once again went to the imperial court: "Ping Thief is the responsibility of king Pingxi." Subjects are not pre-trained, but are rewarded by their subjects, and non-party ministers are jealous of their subjects. Shu Zhong listed the plot of Wu Sangui's supporting the soldiers and waited, and impeached Wu Sangui's minions and retreated from the Yongning general Bai Yongfu and the arrogant and lawless Guangyuan deputy general Hu Yipeng. Annoyed and ashamed, Wu Sangui repeatedly conspired with his henchmen to fabricate a complaint against Hao Yuluo and instigated the general Dong Xianzhong to go to Beijing to make false accusations. Just at this time, the university scholars Feng Quan, Cheng Kegong, Lü Gong, etc. recommended Hao Bath. In this chapter of theirs, there is a phrase "pro-risking Yashi", and Wu Sangui grabbed the handle and falsely accused Hao Yu of "risking merit" and committing the crime of deceiving the king, and the minister sat down to die, fortunately, the Shunzhi Emperor was not confused to the top, so he was exempted from the death penalty of exile.
In September of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Hao Yu was blessed by Who. Once he went to Tieling to visit the famous monks and monks, took a fancy to the famous attractions of Tieling, fell in love with the fertile land of Yinggang, and decided to relocate from Fengtian to Tieling. In May of the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, the Mongol Court moved to the south gate of the ancient city of Tieling Yinzhou, where he "built three houses in the land of Bu Di Jie Lu" and named it "The Hall of Zhi Zhi Ge Wu", which was the place where he slept and read, and where he taught his disciples.
Why did Hao Yu give the study room the name of "Zhi Zhi Ge Wu Tang"? Dong Guoxiang, a waiter, said more clearly in the article "Records of Yingang Academy":
“...... What does Mr. Ru shizhi mean by fame? The knower, the spirit of the heart also. To the one, push it to the extreme to ensure that it is harmless also... The country under the heavens is also physically and mentally. Sincerity and repair to the level of peace, that is, the grid of things also. To be loyal to one's subjects, that is, to be virtuous; to be filial to one's son is to be virtuous; and even to husband and wife, kundi, and friends are all the same'. ”“...... The so-called knowledge of good and knowledge of evil is conscience, and removing evil for good is a special thing..."
From this passage, we can see that the reason why Hao Yu gave his apartment the name of "ZhiZhi Ge Wu Tang" was by no means a whim, but to realize his grand ambition on this small hut: "Teaching and reasoning, and storing a strong and strong spirit." "Teach all disciples to be loyal subjects, filial pieties, brothers, and good friends, to cultivate sincerity and integrity, and to govern the country and the world." It is not at all: "in the area of severe frost and rapid snow, and the moon and the wind do not change their pleasures." Although he was "chased away, he did not take pleasure in himself," neither depressed nor resentful; he was not willing to be a hermit, but he was not willing to do good things for the country and the people. In feudal society, this kind of character of Hao Yu is indeed very noble.
In the tenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1671), the holy ancestor Xuan Ye rode to Fengtian, and Hao Yu greeted the Daozuo and knelt down to play the beginning and end of the wrongdoing. Xuan Ye frequently nodded his head and comforted Hao Yu after listening. In the twelfth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1673), Wu Sangui rebelled against the Qing Dynasty and established himself in Hunan. Shang Shu Wang Xi and Liu Peixian recommended Hao Yu but were blocked by the jealous people in the bureaucracy.
In the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1675), the attendant Wei Xiangshu directly appealed to Shengzu Xuanye: "Bloody and superior, only those who keep learning and learning are ashamed." So that in the Western Shu exercise the right to size, how can it be as obedient as the Lawson generation? The courtiers established their own ends, and the bathers of the day, Sangui, made sangui always obedient, and fang and let the heart. Who asks the question again? Now that Sangui is rebellious, the whole world hates Sangui, that is, there is no worry. Yu Dang Sangui was a prince, holding the handle of the army, not afraid of power, not attached to the situation, and caused a vendetta. The enmity of the three gui is taken by the country, such as forbearance!"
The Kangxi Emperor immediately issued an edict recalling Hao Yu from Tieling and reinstating the imperial history of Huguang Province.
When Hao Yu left Tieling, he dedicated his home room to the tieling people as a place for scholars, renamed the "Hall of Zhizhi Gewu" to "Yinggang Academy"; and dedicated the 225 mu of land purchased in the past eighteen years and a section of the foundation in the southwest corner of the city to the academy, which was reserved as the capital for the apprenticeship. This is the origin of Ginoka Academy. As for the scene at the time of The Silver Gang Academy, Hao Yu described it in more detail in a "Self-Memoir". "Tieling Ancient Yinzhou also, bath Jia Noon In September Who Fengtian, Wu Shu May Lower Ridge, Bu ju on the right side of the south gate of more than ten acres, the middle of the three rooms, the front of the garden to plant vegetables, the back of the garden to plant flowers, the left wall of my bedroom also, the right wall of the area are all my friends and even houses to live also. In the house, the tile bed was built, and on the eve of the wind and moon, my friend Bi lai, as far as he could, sat down on the bed, drilled a fire under the bed to cook tea and wine, and talked about the name and reason, until the night was not dispersed. The shelves are inserted with ancient and modern books from all over the world, and the friends of Wuwu are exhibited and played. When a person comes, he burns incense and meets him, and participates in the examination of Zhu Cheng. Behind the house a gang, hidden dragon lying, the so-called silver gang also, after the rain climbed, see Guo Wai mountains purple cui interspersed, its north mountains stretch around the west, and the east mountain to the south, clustered in all shapes, the central control of a back, is for the Iron Ridge. However, the silver gang of the Uyghur line, the ancestor of the dead thing is... Alone thinking of my frost days and snow nights, a lamp shining, a great silence, four walls around the sea, the group of saints in Sisu, diametrically conscious, the mind is open to the drama is not my silver gang, I have this day also, not my self-esteem, I have to have this silver gang one day also! Weeping for The Silver Gang, staying in the Academy, and heeling to my Silver Gang and silently knowing the purpose of the bath for a day, the bath is close to decades, far away from thousands of lifetimes, and the heart is as bright as a day. ”
Hao Yu loves Silver Gang and does not forget Silver Gang. When he learned that he was about to be summoned to return to Tieling, he wrote a poem entitled "Silver Gang Line", expressing his attachment to Silver Gang: "Since the beam of the kissing lights, the weak crown has gone mad. Leaning over the Yellow Dragon, the red face and green sideburns are full of vicissitudes. More than twenty years of sleeplessness, the end of the world looks back on the moon like frost. Although he hated Prozac and was skinny, he was happy to open a bag of books. Luo Xia Zhen Confucian Mengzi, Han Mo smelled the fragrance of Surabaya. Morning Chair Song Yao Shun, a thousand mountains of green color fell silver gang. It can be known that the Heavenly Dao has finally returned to the right, and from then on, The Danshan Has Risen as a Phoenix.
In the eighteen years of Hao Yu's Tieling, although he was in adversity, he was still worried about the country and the people, and established education. For three hundred years, people have had a fair evaluation of his morality and writings, his merits and encounters. He is even more well known for his feat of creating Ginoka Academy. According to the "Chronicle of Tieling County", "In the eighteenth year of Hao Gong's reign, he devoted himself to lecturing, and many people in Yi followed him. The lecture is actually the precursor of Benyi culture..." And "Hao Gong was the pioneer of Tieling education, and the people of Hebang were blessed with his virtue for three hundred years..." The Shengjing Tongzhi also attributed the evolution of tieling folk customs to Hao Yu's school:
"From the solemn and prudent to the Han and Tang Dynasties, the ancients are not far away, and The Ji Ze still exists." Since the Qing Dynasty, the Liao, Jin, Yuan, and Ming dynasties have set up counties to recruit reclamation, and the people of Qi, Lu, Yu, and Jin have begun to move in, and although their customs have not been moved, they still have no great easy, and they have been covered for a long time. Since Mr. Hao Fuyang lectured, and the people know more and more politely... At that time, the folk customs were simple and simple, and this was the folk customs of Tieling. ”
These comments may be a bit excessive, but over the centuries, Yinggang Academy has indeed cultivated many people of insight. Leaving aside Premier Zhou Enlai, zuo Weisheng, Zuo Tingsheng, Zuo Zhaosheng, Zuo Xiaosheng, Zuo Yunsheng, Zuo Zhesheng, Dai Zunxian, Dai Tourxian, Dai Shengxian, Hao Lin, Xu Yuanbi, and so on during the Kangxi dynasty were also outstanding figures. Later, the famous literati Li Kai and Wei Xie even also studied at Yinggang Academy.
In order to admire Hao Yu's personality and remember his dezheng who founded the Yinggang Academy, the Tieling people built the Hao Gong Ancestral Hall behind the academy. In the past, every year on the third day of the second month of the lunar calendar, on the birthday of Hao Yu, people took offerings to sacrifice. It was not until the early years of the Republic of China, when The Silver Gang Academy was converted into a persuasion school, that this custom disappeared on its own. However, people are interested in Hao Yu's exploits in founding Yinggang Academy. It is something that will never be forgotten. Later generations have poems that praise:
Straight festival that year long sound, Confucianism on this day to set the township comment,
Quinoa hikes the film Wenchang Su, and the wild old man competes to pass on the imperial name.
Teach Ze Yuanyi to open the post-school, and the lecture hall gathers the heroes,
Silver Gang has remained for eternity, and Longshou Mountain has been high and clear.
Xu Zhiguo: Hao Yu created the social foundation formed by Yinggang Academy and the culture of the academy
After more than 300 years of vicissitudes, Yinggang Academy, founded by Hao Yu, is well known to the world for its historical role in cultivating talents and civilizing. In the process of development and improvement over the past few hundred years, it has formed a special cultural phenomenon, that is, the culture of the academy. Understanding the culture of the college is of great significance for us to study the history of Yingang College in depth. The author has been engaged in the archaeological work and local history research of cultural relics in northern Liaoning for many years, and does not know much about the culture of Yingang Academy and the academy, and is not qualified to comment on it. However, the emergence and development of every new thing, especially the emergence and development of a cultural phenomenon, must have its profound historical roots, social foundation and cultural soil. Yinggang Academy and its culture must be rooted in the land of Northern Liaoning, which has a long history, the spirit of the earth, and the treasure of Wuhua Tianbao, so that it can be produced and developed. The people of all ethnic groups living in northern Liaoning have created rich material and spiritual wealth with their diligence, bravery and wisdom, made important contributions to the future development of northern Liaoning, and left behind rich historical and cultural resources. After nearly 10,000 years of historical development trajectory and cultural inheritance, Liaobei has created the cornerstone of the emergence and development of Yinggang Academy. The author intends to start from the understanding and research of the local history and culture of northern Liaoning, explore the basis and root causes of the emergence of Yinggang Academy and its culture, and the understanding may be shallow, so as to teach experts and teachers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="101" >, the early development of northern Liaoning by ancient ethnic groups</h1>
The earliest human beings in northern Liaoning are the Changtu people, which is the earliest ancestor of human beings in northern Liaoning, more than 10,000 years ago. At the same time, the remains of the period also include the Tieling Xintaizi East Gujiazi Cave, indicating human activities in northern Liaoning. Like other regions, the northern Liaoning region is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. The ancestors who lived here caught wild beasts here, collected wild fruits, took the cave as their home, fought against nature, and wrote the first chapter of the history of human beings in northern Liaoning. About 7,000 years ago, the ancestors of northern Liaoning opened a new page of history and entered the Neolithic Era, they had a settled life, learned to build houses, fired pottery, planted grain, had primitive artistic and aesthetic concepts, decorated various patterns and faience on the surface of pottery, some of which can be comparable to the pottery patterns of the Central Plains, indicating the progress of primitive culture and inextricably linked with the Central Plains and the spread and influence between each other. The Central Plains region entered the Xia- Shang Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, and Northern Liaoning also entered the threshold of the Bronze Age, during which northern Liaoning's economic development, population increased, and there was a diversity and development imbalance in cultural connotation, which could be divided into a number of different fang states and tribal groups. During this period, the social productive forces in northern Liaoning were greatly improved, there was a surplus of products, the germ of private property and the differentiation between the rich and the poor had also emerged, and people's ability to understand and transform nature was also improved. During this period, the various tribal groups in northern Liaoning became closer to the Central Plains, which was manifested in all aspects of social life. While absorbing the culture of the Central Plains, it also shows the cultural traditions of the northern peoples themselves. At this time, the ethnic groups active in northern Liaoning were mainly the Qin and other ethnic groups, and later divided into Xiongnu, Fuyu, Xianbei and other ethnic groups, jointly developing and building northern Liaoning, and creating and developing the ancient culture of northern Liaoning. During the Warring States period of the Qin and Han Dynasties, most of northern Liaoning was within the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty. The Central Plains Dynasty set up counties in the northeast region from the beginning of the Warring States, when King Yan Zhao, with Qin Kai as a general, attacked Eastern Hu in the north, but thousands of miles in the north, and set up Liaodong, Liaoxi, and Right Beiping Counties here. It also built the Great Wall from Zhaoyang to Xiangping to prevent Eastern Hu, and the southern part of Northern Liaoning was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong County. Located on the border of Liaodong County and Xuanyu County, Northern Liaoning in the Han Dynasty is the intersection of cultural exchanges and integration between Han culture and ethnic minorities in the north. From the Wei jin to the Sui and Tang dynasties, the western and northern parts of northern Liaoning were under the jurisdiction of the Khitan and Fuyu. Through the joint development and construction of people of all ethnic groups in different historical periods, northern Liaoning has become an important economic and cultural region in northeast China.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="102" > second, the education situation in northern Liaoning during the Liaojinyuan period</h1>
During the Liaojin and Jin Dynasties, northern Liaoning was under the jurisdiction of a unified regime, except for the short-term wars caused by the change of dynasties, most of the time in a relatively stable social situation, people's production and life were relatively stable, during this period the land in northern Liaoning was reclaimed in a large area, the agricultural economy developed rapidly, towns and villages were widely formed, and many prefectures and counties were added. On the basis of the Liao, the Jin and Yuan dynasties abolished the prefectures and counties, and set up higher administrative institutions such as Xianping Province, Xianping Road, and Kaiyuan Road. In order to meet the needs of political, economic and cultural development, especially from the need to consolidate their rule, the Liao rulers promoted education and set up institutions in various places, following the example of the Central Plains, revering Confucius, and advocating Confucianism. In the third year (918) of the Liao Taizu Divine Book, a state sub-supervisor was set up, and in May the Confucius Temple was built. Since then, schools have been set up in various prefectures, prefectures and counties, which is the earliest Confucianism in northern Liaoning and the earliest official teaching institution in northern Liaoning. In the fifth year of Liaoqingning (1059), there was also an official teacher and an assistant teacher, using the Five Classics such as "Yi", "Book", "Poetry", "Ritual", and "Spring and Autumn" as teaching materials, so that students received formal Confucian traditional education. The examination is divided into township examination, prefectural examination and provincial examination, and the content is divided into two types: poetry endowment and scripture, and the entrance examination is once every three years. At this time, the official education was entirely for the needs of the rulers to select talents and train officials. Most of the northern Liaoning region of the Jin Dynasty came under the jurisdiction of Xianping Province, which set up a fuxue, with a professor in charge of fuxue affairs, and the disciples at this time were known as Jurchens, and by the end of the Jin Dynasty, the Han people had begun to mix. However, the teaching materials for study are still the fifteen historical books such as the Analects, the Five Classics, Mencius, the Filial Piety Classic, and the Shi Ji, all of which are Han classics, and they are all designated annotated versions, which are printed by guozijian. Students concentrate on teaching, three days of policy discussion, and three days of writing an endowment and a poem. Exams are held every three months. The Yuan Dynasty government also set up official schools in various places, such as the fifth year of Yuan Dade (1301), and the number of students in Dingxianping Province was twenty. All students who have graduated from the government and are recommended by shou ling and assessed by the Taiwan Constitution may be used as instructors or subordinates.
Northern Liaoning education in the third generation of the Liaojin Dynasty was an official education funded by the government, so the history contains that the situation of private education in this period is unknown because it is not recorded. Although the official education at this time was only a way and method for the ruling class to discover talents and select officials, it still played a great role in disseminating Han culture and promoting indoctrination, and the potential power of this influence cannot be underestimated. It is precisely because of the enlightenment and indoctrination of the official education in northern Liaoning during the Liaojin and Yuan dynasties that the development and culture of education in northern Liaoning in the Ming and Qing dynasties laid a humanistic foundation and created a cultural atmosphere. In the Ming Dynasty, Liaobei education inherited the previous generation and became more popular and developed, Ming set up a wei school in Tielingwei and Sanwanwei, and Ming Hongwu opened a school in Sanwanwei in the thirty-first year (1398), set up a xuezheng person, who was in charge of teaching the students, teaching and assisting, and engraving the "Twelve Sleeping Monuments of School Prohibitions" on the left side of Minglun Hall. In the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1436), Tieling Wei set up Wei xue in the southeast of Weizhi. It was rebuilt in the sixteenth year of Jiajing (1537). In the 20th year of Jiajing (1541), Huang Yun established the Ruqing Academy in Yilu City, one of the seven major academies in Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, and the beginning of the establishment of the academy in northern Liaoning. However, in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, due to the frequent wars and chaos at the time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the people were displaced, and the education in northern Liaoning was also destroyed (1).
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="103" > third, the cultural group of the Ming and Qing dynasties in northern Liaoning</h1>
Liu Ren, the Interpretation of the Text, is interpreted as "guilty of seeing the migration also". The Book of Sui and the Chronicle of criminal law says: "Exile means that a criminal can die, the original situation can be lowered, the whip is each one, thrown into the border, thinking that it is a pawn, there is no reason difference." "The displaced people have been released from the interior to the northeast since ancient times. By the Liaojin Yuan, especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number increased significantly. At that time, the economy of northeast China was relatively backward compared with the Central Plains, located in the borderlands, "the soil was sparsely populated" (2), "the people took hunting as their industry, and farming was secondary" (3), production was not developed, coupled with frequent wars at the end of the Yuan and early Ming Dynasties, and the destruction of mountains and rivers, which brought deep disasters to the people of Northeast China. In order to consolidate its rule, eliminate the remnants of the Northeast Yuan forces, and solve the problem of soldiers and grain, the Ming government sent a large number of who were to recruit and conquer the fields. At that time, Tielingwei and 30,000 wei were places with a large number of displaced people. For example, in March of the twenty-ninth year of Hongwu (1396), "in the Pingzhai Village of the Qingshui River, the crowd of barbarians gathered for chaos, and the Guizhou imperial guards arrested them, and they were arrested by the chaotic barbarians, armed to the Beijing Division, and ju Yu died, and gave food, who killed thirty thousand guards" (4). During the reign of Emperor Yingzong of Ming, he favored the eunuch Wang Zhen (王振), who was cunning, abused his power, ostracized dissidents, framed Fan Qian, and placed Fan Zhen as "who shu Tieling Wei" (5). In the second year of Jingtai (1451), Fu Chen Xun, the Prince of Shijia of Huagaidian and Wenyuange University, was framed by Shi Heng and others for the "Change of Tumu" and was sentenced to 100 "Shu Tie Ling Wei" (6). In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Liaodong was still the place of the who were displaced, and from the third year of Shunzhi (1646) to the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), 3,315 prisoners (7) migrated to Shangyang Fort. During this period, the famous people who came to northern Liaoning were the Famous Hanke monks who were known as the first-class people in Liaodong, the former Ming Dynasty Jinshi, the official LangZhongzuo Maotai, Yushi Haoyu, the official Dong Guoxiang of the Official, the Like Zhizhong Ji Kaisheng, the Libu Langzhong, the Henan Chief Examiner Ding Peng, the Hanlin Academy Xiu Shen Sun Terrier, the Attendant Scholar Zhu Yu, the Bingbu Shilang Zhang Tianzhi, and the Shandong Inspector Wu Da; thereafter, there were also famous scholars Lu Tianzeng, Jiangnan Governor Zhang Xun, and Shanxi Inspector Lu Simei were successively exiled to Shangyang Fort and Tieling. The arrival of these Ming and Qing cultural streamers had a great impact on the society of northern Liaoning. They brought the ideological and cultural concepts of the Central Plains and changed the status quo of the relative isolation of northern Liaoning at that time. The advanced production tools they brought to the Central Plains have enabled greater development of agriculture and promoted the local economy. Some cultural streamers have directly lectured on learning and teaching apprentices, imparting the ideology and culture of the south, doing their best for the development of education in northern Liaoning, and promoting the prosperity of cultural education in northern Liaoning.
Hao Yu, a native of Dingzhou, was a sixth-year scholar in Shunzhi and the head of the Punishment Department; in the eighth year of Shunzhi, he changed the imperial history of Huguang Province and patrolled Sichuan. In September of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, he was executed by the ministry for offending Wu Sangui, and was later killed by Who Fengtian. Hao Yu had little ambition and negative temperament, admired Zhuge Zhongwu and Li Yihou as a person, and at the age of fourteen and fifteen, he was able to pass through the six books and hundreds of family dialects, and in the sixteenth year, he established the aspiration of "clarifying the Si Dynasty" (8), however, the road to his career was not smooth, he was degraded in the imperial history of Huguang Province, exiled to Liaodong, and lived a life of service and guard. Here, he met hanke, Zuo Maotai and other cultural streamers who had the same fate as him, and the same situation and exiled fate made them quickly become close friends and settle in Tieling. At this time, Hao Yu did not change his ambition to save the world because of his exile, but he knew that as a degraded "who", he could not realize his ideals and aspirations, so he decided to teach apprentices, let his students and disciples learn to lead the way, participate in state affairs in the future, and realize his wishes and ideals in life through them. He used the study room as a lecture hall, called "The Hall of Zhi Ge Wu". Hao Yu's idea of running a school has received the enthusiastic help and support of Zuo Maotai, Dai Guoshi and other wandering friends, and famous scholars and poets such as Li Chengxiang, Ji Kaisheng, Wei Zhaohua, Liu Simei, dong Guoxiang and so on often come to Hao Yu here to "sing harmony with poetry and literature, and discuss morality and righteousness", discuss life and research knowledge (9), and gradually form a group of intellectuals centered on Hao Yu. Hao Yu and these intellectual literati "cultivated the study of Ju Jingzhi, the merits of Hengqu Gongyu, often sang midnight, and knocked on the heavens", and created and recited many excellent poetic works. While teaching and educating people, Hao Yu read a lot of books, wrote in writing, wrote works such as "On Learning", "On Rites", and "Treatise on History", and also placed his own personal experience and experience in poetry (10). It was Hao Yu's lectures and apprentices and the academic research and creative activities of a large number of intellectuals around him that formed a certain cultural atmosphere, caused a great impact, and played a very important role in the indoctrination and cultural education of the people of northern Liaoning, making the establishment of Yinggang Academy and the formation of academy culture inevitable. It is precisely because the cultural groups formed around Hao Yu have given Great support to Hao Yu's lecture activities that Hao Yu has been able to realize his desire to run a school, Yinggang Academy has been founded, and the culture of the academy has been disseminated.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="104" >4. The creation of Yinggang Academy and the formation of college culture</h1>
The name of the academy is found in the Tang Dynasty and was originally a place for institutions or private readings of books and school books. As an educational institution, the academy began in the Southern Tang Dynasty to establish a school in Lushan Bailudong, which was the predecessor of Bailudong Academy. By the time of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were four famous academies in the country: Bailudong Academy, Yingtianfu Academy, Shigu Academy, and Yuelu Academy. By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, the academy was flourishing, and the number of colleges in the country reached more than 200. In the Qing Dynasty, the number of academies in the country reached more than 2,000, forming a cultural phenomenon of private, government-run and privately-assisted academies, which made significant contributions to the development of ancient Chinese scholarship and the cultivation of talents, and was an important chapter in the history of Chinese education. The earliest academy in northern Liaoning was the Ruqing Academy built by Huang Yun of Kaiyuan Bingbei Road in the 20th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1541) at Qianhu on Tieling Weiyi Road, which was the first academy in the history of northern Liaoning. In the Ming Dynasty, there were seven major academies in Liaodong, and the Ruqing Academy was one of them, but it was destroyed due to the war at the end of the Ming Dynasty. The Yinggang Academy founded by Hao Yu is the continuation and development of the academy culture in northern Liaoning since the Ming Dynasty, and is also the concrete embodiment of the academy culture in northern Liaoning in the Qing Dynasty.
Since the founding of the Qing Dynasty, the rulers have faced a vast number of Han people who are far superior to themselves in culture and population. In order to enable the Qing Empire they established to be able to rule for a long time and be tamed by the people, they formulated a policy of relying on Confucianism, using the Han family's Lun Chang Gang Ji, establishing the minglun and Daxing indoctrination, the purpose of which was to promote culture and education, turn the people into customs, and enlighten the people, and at the same time cultivate talents and officials for the imperial court. This was an important measure taken by the rulers to consolidate their political power and ruling order, and Hao Yu's original intention of running the academy was unified with the government's policy of encouraging the establishment of schools. As an official from a Han chinese intellectual, Hao Yu was highly valued by the emperor with his extraordinary talent and boldness, and it can be said that his career before his exile was smooth. After being exiled to Liaodong, he suffered a great blow both physically and mentally, and after suffering a huge setback, Hao Yu had to face reality, and for the ambition in his heart, he decided to take the road of education to save the country, which was the only wise choice for Hao Yu in the adversity of the time.
After determining his own goal, Hao Yu practiced what he preached, and used his bookhouse as the "Hall of Zhi Zhi Ge Wu", recruiting disciples, gathering crowds to give lectures, and using what he had learned in his life to cultivate students and popularize education, while writing his experience and writing tirelessly. During Hao Yu's schooling, famous scholars such as Han Ke monk, Zuo Maotai, Dai Guoshi, and Dong Guoxiang, who were also exiles, maintained close exchanges with Hao Yu, jointly discussed scholarship and poetry, and gave Great support to Hao Yu's lecture activities, and these activities had a profound impact on the cultural education of northern Liaoning in the future. From the beginning of Hao Yu's teaching and apprenticeship at the Zhizhi Gewu Hall to his "recall in his original position" in the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1675), after eighteen years of cold and summer, among the students he personally cultivated and educated, Zuo Xinsheng, Zuo Beisheng, Dai Zunxian, etc. became famous scholars and poets, Hao Lin became the pillar of governance, and Xu Yuanbi became an educator. Hao Yu's lecturing activities bore fruitful results. On the eve of his re-use and return to Beijing, he "wept and caressed Yingang and stayed as a academy." The name of Ginoka Academy is the name of the world. Hao Yu's lecture before the name of the college is an important page in the history of the college, which is closely related to the history of the college and is inseparable. The study of the history and founding of the Academy should include the eighteen years of Hao Yu's lectures. After the establishment of Yinggang Academy, it led to the continuous development of education in northern Liaoning, and Qing Tongzhi established the Kaiwen Academy in the old city of Changtu in the tenth year, and the Longgang Academy in the old city of Kaiyuan was founded in the fifth year of Guangxu. While academy education continued to develop, the government-run Confucian, righteous and private school education in northern Liaoning in the Qing Dynasty was also opened. The establishment of Yinggang Academy, which pioneered education in the northern Qing Dynasty of Liaoning, effectively promoted the development of cultural education in northern Liaoning.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="105" >5. The enlightenment and influence of academy culture on education in northern Liaoning</h1>
Since its establishment, the three colleges in northern Liaoning in the Qing Dynasty have adhered to the educational purposes and fine traditions of disseminating ideas, inventing scholarship, gathering crowds to give lectures, cultivating talents, and freely discussing, and have made indelible contributions to the development of education in northern Liaoning and become a special phenomenon in the history of education in northern Liaoning. In particular, the educational activities of Yinggang Academy in different historical periods had a tremendous impact on the education of northern Liaoning: First, it opened up the local style of re-teaching, and through the dissemination of academy education and academy culture, local education in northern Liaoning in the Qing Dynasty was widely carried out, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, the imperial examination was abolished, and all kinds of schools were found throughout the city and countryside; second, a large number of talents were cultivated, such as the Zuo brothers, the Dai brothers, The Hao Lin, Xu Yuanbi and a number of other people at the time of Hao Yu, followed by Li Kai, Wei Xie, and others, and later the Yingang Academy trained Ren Fuchen, Deng Shiren, and others. Zhou Enlai and a number of other revolutionary forerunners and leaders.
Since its inception, Yinggang Academy has a history of more than 300 years, and it occupies an important position in the history of education in northern Liaoning and still affects our generation. As the earliest educational place in northern Liaoning, although as a college, it has lost its former function of teaching and educating people, but history has given it a new educational function, and it has become a public welfare cultural place for people to enlighten their minds, remember history, visit tourism, leisure and entertainment, and will always be a valuable cultural heritage in the history of Tieling.
(1) The above educational materials in northern Liaoning are quoted from the Office of the Tieling Education Compilation Committee: "Educational History Materials of the Five Counties and Cities of Northern Liaoning", July 1994.
(2) Records of ming taizu, vol. 145, Hongwu 15th year, May 15, eds., Edited by He Erjian, He Ziquan, and Guo Liangyu: "According to the Liao Imperial Manuscript", Zhongzhou Calligraphy and Painting Society, 1982 edition.
(3) Records of the Ming Taizu, vol. 144, Hongwu fifteen summer and April 15.
(4) Records of the Ming Taizu, vol. 245, Hongwu 29 Gengchen.
(5) Records of Emperor Ming Yingzong, vol. 207, Jingtai 2nd year of August.
(6) History of the Ming Dynasty, vol. 168, Chen Xunchuan.
(7) Zhang Yuxing et al., History of Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty, p. 135.
(8) (9) (10) Li Fengzuo et al.: "Yingang Academy", Chunfeng Literature and Art Publishing House, 1996 edition.
Cai Keyong, ed., A Brief History of Higher Education, p. 34, Huazhong Institute of Technology Press, 1982.
Northern Liaoning Culture Series: The History of Tieling, China Federation of Literature and Literature Publishing House, 2004.
!["History of Yinggang Academy" Is Hao Yu a member of the Ice Heaven Poetry Society (Liu Xingye)[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)