Cover news reporter Li Guiping
Some people say that as a world-famous "silk city", Sichuan Langzhong should probably thank one person: Hao Yu.
In the ninth year of shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1652), the giant hand of history pushed this Hao bath to the cusp of the wind and waves, a cruel foreground that was related to the survival of Langzhong. This is the defense of Langzhong.
At that time, Hao Yu was sitting in Baoning City (Langzhong), the temporary capital of Sichuan, and was not only the examiner of the township examination, but also the administrative head of Langzhong City.
Speaking of the silk production center in southern China, it is impossible not to mention Langzhong City.
Langzhong silk has a long reputation for its high quality. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, silk produced in Langzhong was transported to Chang'an (present-day Xi'an) as a royal tribute. According to local literature and history experts in Langzhong, during the Qin and Han dynasties, there were two ancient Shu roads heading north out of the river, one was the Golden Bull Road through Jianmen Pass, and the other was the Rice Cang Road through Micang Mountain, and the route was to Chang'an via Langzhong, Wangcang, Nanzheng, and Hanzhong. In Chang'an, Langzhong's silk products were exported abroad in large quantities.
During the Tang Dynasty, the silk products in Langzhong were designated as tributes to the imperial court. The Book of Tang says: "Langzhong County's gong aya, silk, suo yin (hu, silk with a silk pattern) and so on. The "Ming Shilu" also states: "In that year, Lu'an Prefecture, Shanxi, woven tribute silk, and it was necessary to use lang silk. ”
At the beginning of April 2018, at the invitation of Mr. He Yongkang, chairman of the Nanchong Municipal Federation of Literature and Literature, I interviewed more than a dozen writers from all over the country for three days in Langzhong. In the meantime, many locals mentioned the starting point of the Southern Silk Road, and felt that Langzhong was very wronged, "They all regard Chengdu as the starting point of this Silk Road, in fact, Langzhong is also the starting point of the South Silk Road, that is to say, the length of the South Silk Road should also be extended by 300 kilometers." ”
There are many people who support this statement. Wang Yi, president of the Chengdu Museum and director of the Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, once pointed out: Historically, Shujin was one of the most important commodities of the Southern Silk Road, and there were three main routes for Shujin out of the River: the eastern line ran from Chengdu to Chongqing, down the river to Jingzhou, Hubei and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; the southern line from Chengdu to Ya'an via Qionglai, and then divided into a number of routes, including going to Yunnan via Panxi; the northern line, through Guanghan, Mianyang, and Guangyuan out of the river, over the Qinling Mountains to Guanzhong Shu Road. Among them, the ring-type trunk lines of different dynasties have produced several short-term branches and temporary changes of routes, and the branches are vines and intertwined, which is very complicated.
After taking the northern route to the capital Chang'an, langzhong's high-quality silk can be more conveniently traded abroad from this first-class area, or shipped out of the country as a gift to South Asia, West Asia and Europe.
If the importance of the northern route is to be emphasized, then is langzhong, the "city of silk", another starting point of the southern Silk Road?
Langzhong was called Baoning in ancient times, and for more than 2,000 years, it was a major military town for Bashu. From 214 to 221 AD, Zhang Fei, a general of the Shu Han Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms, served as the punctual commander of Bashi County, and made many achievements in developing local silkworm mulberry and eliminating violence and anliang.
Today's Langzhong Ancient City Xuedao Street, there is a famous Langzhong Tribute Temple.
Langzhong Gongyuan is a three-entry and four-courtyard building, purely wearing a wooden structure, the houses are neat and orderly, and it is higher than the neighborhood houses. The front yard is the examination room, the back yard is the house, and all four sides are number rooms (examination booths). In the southwest corner of the Gongyuan, the red peony flowers are in full bloom, adding a little charm to this antique building.
There is no way to audit when the Langzhong Gongyuan was built, but it has almost become an educational model for standardizing examinations and cultivating outstanding talents in ancient Sichuan, reflecting the far-reaching roots of Chinese scientific expeditions and Zhuangyuan culture in this land. Langzhong Gongyuan has successively bred the Yin brothers of the Tang Dynasty and the Chen brothers of the Song Dynasty, which is the only one in the country.
In the Ming Dynasty, Langzhong Gongyuan was also the location of the township test. During the reign of Qing Shun, Langzhong was the temporary provincial capital of Sichuan for more than ten years, and the status of the tribute court was unprecedentedly improved, and four township examinations were held, which was called the "first examination shed" in Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty.
The township examination was held every three years in the provincial capitals (including the capital) of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and was generally held in August, and the chief examiner was appointed by the emperor. The township examination is the most competitive first-level examination in the history of China's imperial examination.
The morning sun, through the treetops, hit the cultural wall of Youxueyuan Square outside the Langzhong Gongyuan, and the golden brilliant light spots flickered and blurred. A few twittering yellow finches landed on the branches above the cultural wall, and also directed my eyes to the above lines: "(Hao Yu) seven times flew to pass the book, summoning Wu Sangui to rescue Lang." Wu Zhi, and face to face to give the strategy, to inspire loyalty and righteousness..."
These few words show the contribution made by Lord Hao Yuhao during the brutal and bloody defense of Langzhong in the autumn of 1652 and the inspection of Sichuan Township.
At the gate of the Langzhong Gongyuan, a group of statues caught my attention: in front of the case, an official wearing a crystal stone "wearing a flower plume on top", wearing a blue tribute satin coat, and with his neck hanging on the knees and beads, put his hands on the examination paper on the table.
This person is the famous Hao Bath. Behind Hao Yu is a nan wood screen carved with golden yellow unicorns.
Judging from the expression of the statue, Hao Yu was facing a very tricky thing at that time. His eyes were sparkling, his expression was serene, and his lips were tight. He coped heavily, bravely and strategically, coordinated with difficulty, and finally completed a dance on the tip of a knife.
Hao Yu (1623-1683), also spelled Xuehai, was a native of Tangcheng, Dingzhou (present-day Dingzhou, Hebei). Rarely unusual, born alert, in the fourteenth and fifteenth year can understand the six nationalities and hundreds of words. In the sixth year of Qing Shunzhi (1649), he was appointed as the head of the Punishment Department. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), he was reappointed as the imperial history of Huguang Province, who was responsible for assessing the administration of officials, hearing major cases, and having a heavy authority, and later patrolled Sichuan (supervision of imperial history) and sat in the temporary capital of Sichuan, Baoning City (Langzhong).
The life-and-death defense of Langzhong has been documented in many documents. Here, we combine the Langzhong Tribute Temple and the local chronicle records to try to restore the scene at that time.
In the spring and summer of 1647, after the commander of the Great West, Zhang Xianzhong, fled Chengdu and was shot by the Qing army at Phoenix Mountain in Xichong County, and Sun Kewang, one of Zhang Xianzhong's four righteous sons, succeeded to the throne and joined forces with the remnants of the Southern Ming army to resist the Qing.
At that time, the anti-Qing forces attacked fiercely in the southwest region. The Qing court was terrified, and sent Wu Sangui, the king of Pingxi, Li Guoying, the governor of Sichuan, and Li Guohan, the general of the Eight Banners of Han, to lead the Qing army in the Sichuan-Shaanxi border region to the south and enter Sichuan to suppress Sun Kewang and other forces. The Qing army soon captured a large area of Sichuan, posing a threat to the anti-Qing forces in Yunnan-Guizhou and other places. Enraged, Sun Kewang sent Liu Wenxiu, the king of Southern Funan, to lead an army of 50,000 to launch a counterattack against the Qing army, one of the important tasks was to take Langzhong, the temporary provincial capital and military town.
Liu Wenxiu, a native of Yan'an, Shaanxi, was a tiger general under Zhang Xianzhong, and after Zhang Xianzhong established the Daxi regime, he was called the Four Generals along with Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo, and Ai Nengqi.
In the middle of August of the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), Liu Wenxiu, according to Sun Kewang's orders, set out from southern Sichuan with an army of 50,000 people, won many battles, annihilated tens of thousands of enemies, and almost recovered the entire territory of Sichuan. At this time, Wu Sangui and others were defeated many times and fled back to the Guangyuan area in northern Sichuan. Liu Wenxiu's army was directly approaching Langzhong.
Langzhong, formerly known as Baoning Province, is located in the middle reaches of the Jialing River, the southern foothills of Qinba Mountain, surrounded by mountains on all sides, the water surrounds three directions, the geographical location is important, it has always been a place where soldiers must fight, during the Three Kingdoms period, the Shu Han general Zhang Fei guarded this town for seven years.
Here we need to explain a historical fact, there is a city as large as chengdu more than two hundred kilometers away, why did the Qing court make Langzhong the temporary capital of Sichuan?
Mr. Liu Xiancheng, a scholar of literature and history in Nanchong, pointed out that in the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), there was a great famine in Sichuan, and the Shu Nan Narrative said that "in the depths of the mountains, the price of rice is two or three, and the wheat is halved." The desolate, though they have no food for all their money. Coupled with Zhang Xianzhong's unprecedented burning and slaughter of the city, Chengdu with a population of 400,000 was left with only about 20 residents, and the Former "Yang Yi Yi Er" Chengdu had no people to rule, and the provincial government had to re-select Langzhong with "left through Jingxiang and right out of Qinlong" as the temporary provincial capital.
The First Year of Qing Xianfeng (1851) edition of the "Chronicle of Langzhong County" contains: Langzhong City in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the city wall is twelve miles in circumference, square, the height of the city is 11.7 meters, the upper width is 5 meters, and the lower width is 11.7 meters. Open four gates: East Wangying, South Yingxun, West Yue Zhanyue, North Gongji; outside there are ten meters wide and five meters deep trenches. The stone walls are glutinous rice and tung oil, which is unusually strong.
He sent seven letters in a row urging Wu Sangui.
Liu Wenxiu's army was coming, how many soldiers and horses could resist in Langzhong City?
Contemporary historian Gu Cheng's History of the Southern Ming Dynasty (China Youth Publishing House, 1997) quoted Li Guoying, the Governor of Sichuan, as saying: In mid-August of the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), Wu Sangui, who had been defeated by Liu Wenxiu, retired to Mianzhou and then to Guangyuan. In langzhong, the temporary capital of the province, there were only more than two hundred soldiers under inspector Yushi Haoyu and the general Yan Ziming.
A mere two hundred people have to deal with fifty thousand enemies, which is tantamount to an egg touching a stone, that is, ten fierce zhang fei can only dry eyes (to be continued).
<b>[If you have a news thread, please report to us, once adopted, there is a fee reward.] WeChat feed follows: ihxdsb, report qq: 3386405712].</b>