(Volume XVIII)
Introduction to this section: This section updates the last name
Zu Wu Fu Liu Jing Zhan Long
Zu totem interpretation
【Interpretation】 Ancestors, "ancestors also". The original meaning of ancestor is ancestor, enshrined in the temple and ancestral hall. The word "zu" in oracle bones and gold texts was originally "and".
Ancestor of the surname: Shang Wang Zu Yi
Ancestral places: Qishan, Shaanxi, Wenxian, Henan, Anyang
Gunwangtang No.: Zhuo County, Fanyang, Jingzhao;
Current ranking/population: 308th place/about 230,000
Song version of the hundred family names in order: 249th
【Origin】The ancestral surname is mainly derived from: sub-surname
1. Derived from the surname of the son, from the descendants of the royal family of the Shang Dynasty, belonging to the ancestral name as the clan.
The founding king of the Shang Dynasty was called "Tang", so when the Shang Dynasty was mentioned in later history, it was also called Shang Tang.
Tang's six generations of grandchildren began to have Zu Yi, Zu Xin, Zu Ding, Zu Geng, Zu Jia, Zu Ji... Du was once the temple number of the kings of the Shang Dynasty, and Zu Yi, whose name was Zi Teng, was the most accomplished emperor among these Shang kings, and he appointed Wu Xian as a chancellor and worked hard to make the Shang Dynasty, which had declined at that time, rise up.
Regarding the ancestral lineage, it is generally believed that:
Shaodian → Xuanyuan → Xuan huan → 蟜極→夋 [夔] →[卨] → Zhaoming [Wang Wu] → Xiang Tu [Tu] → Changruo [Lamb] → Cao Yuan[Root 圉] → Meditation [Ji] → Nucleus [Wang Hai] → Wei [Shang A] → Bao Ding [Bao B] → → →B[報丁]→報C[報丁] →主壬 [Shi Nong] →主癸 [Shi 癸] →履 (天乙、成汤)[太乙、唐、成]→[太乙、成][太乙、成][太丁]→ to [太甲] →辨 [太庚] →密 [太戊] → rectification (河亶甲)[戋甲]→ Teng [Zu Yi] → Dan [Zu Xin] → Xin [ Zu Ding] → [Xiao B] → Zhao [Wu Ding] → Yao [Zu Geng] → Zai [Zu Jia] → Xiao Ji [Zu Ji (Zu Yi)].
The name of the Shang King comes from the historical book "Bamboo Book Chronicle", and the name in the "[]" is the number of the King's Temple recorded in the Jiagu script.
During the reign of Shang Tang, the founding monarch of the Shang Dynasty, there was a famous Zuo Xiang Zhongyu, and among the descendants of Zhongyu, someone named Zu Ji (Zuyi), was the prime minister of the Shang Dynasty after Zhongyu.
According to the historical books "Yuan He Surname Compilation" and "Surname Genealogy" and other books, "Zi surname, Yin Hou, Yin Wang Zu A, B, C, Ding Zhi Shu Yin Clan Yan, Yin YouZuji, Zu Yi, Han You Zu Yi, Shi Jia Zhuo County, look out of Fan Yang." ”
Family name scholars generally believe that the ancestor of the ancestral family name should be counted from the ancestor. In the time of Yin Shang Wuding, the earliest historical records of the ancestors have been found in the ancient books, that is, the sage Zu Ji who was the "DaoXun King" at that time, which is clearly recorded in the classic book "Shujing Gaozong Tongri": "Gaozong sacrifices into soup, and there are flying pheasants that rise to the ear and luo; the ancestors have trained the kings to do the training of Gaozong Tongri." ”
Shang Gaozong, that is, Wuding Zizhao (reigned from 1250 BC to 1192 BC), was the minister of state of the Shang Dynasty when he was the emperor, and he borrowed the phenomenon that Shang Gaozong sacrificed wild pheasants to fly above the national peak at the major ceremony of sacrifice into soup, and led the Shang Gaozong and his princes to "benevolent political state".
According to this record, the history of the Zu family is at least 3,300 years old.
Among the descendants of Zuji (Zuyi), there are those who take the ancestral name as a surname, called Zushi, which has been passed down from generation to generation, and the Zushi clan originally originated in Zhuo County, which is one of the very ancient surnames.
2. Originating from the Mongolian ethnic group, it belongs to the Sinicization and change the surname to a surname.
The Mongol clan is a very special surname group, that is, the "tomb keepers" of generations.
The Mongolian word "Ge Ge Zhao" is the meaning of "ancestral tomb", and the extended "Zhi Gen Yi Zhao Day" is indicated as a more noble "ancestral mausoleum", which is mostly used for honorific titles for the ancestral ancestors, princes, khans, great khans and other mausoleums of the Mongolian nation's outstanding historical achievements, and later there are full-time hereditary tomb keepers who take it as the family name, that is, the Zhigen Yizhao Ri clan.
During the Ming Dynasty, there were Mongolian people who took the surname of Han Yizhao To change the surname of Han yi to zu, which has been passed down from generation to generation.
3. Originating from the Manchus, it belongs to the Sinicization and changing the surname to a surname.
According to the historical book "Qing Dynasty Tongzhi Clan Luo Manchuria Eight Banners Surname":
(1). The Manchu Sakda clan, originally known as the Bayara clan, was later changed to the place name of the clan, the Manchu language is Sakda Hala, the Manchu "Canglao, Laozu", is a large Manchu clan tribe, there are many branches, Shiju Ningguta (present-day Ning'an, Heilongjiang), Ahuan River (sixty kilometers south of present-day Ning'an, Heilongjiang), Yehe (present-day Jilin Yehe River, Yitong River, Yidan River, Dongliao River Basin), Sakda (present-day FushunXia River Basin, Liaoning), Hetuala (present-day Liaoning Xinbin Yongling Town), Namdulu (present-day coastal region of Russia), Deli Wuhe (present-day Fushunhun River, Liaoning), and on both sides of the Heilongjiang River, the han surnames are mostly Zu, Cang, Cang, Ma, Luo, Li, Gao, Hai, Sa, Li, Chen, Luo, Lao, Ying, Yin, Ba, Se, Zang, Li, Tong, Tuo, Weng and so on.
(2). Manchu group Jia clan, Manchu jugiya Hala, ancestors were originally Han, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was carried by the Liaodong Xianbei Wuhuan department, integrated into the Xianbei, and gradually evolved into the Liaodong Jurchen, shiju Tieling (now Liaoning Tieling), after the multi-crownEd Han surname for the zu clan.
4. Originating from other ethnic minorities, it belongs to the Sinicization and change the surname to a surname.
Among the present-day Yi, Dongxiang, Dai, Miao and other ethnic minorities, there are ancestral clans distributed, and most of their sources are in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties during the central government's policy of bondage and the movement to change the land and return to the stream, which has been changed to Han surnames and has been passed down from generation to generation.
Wu's totem interpretation
[Interpretation] There are two kinds of annotations to wu: one is force, and the other is to abstain from martial arts. The positioning of the oracle bone for the word "wu" is from stop and from ge, indicating that stopping gango is wu.
Ancestor of the surname: Wu Ding
Ancestral places: Gongyi, Anyang, Shangqiu, Henan
Gunwangtang No.: Taiyuan, Pei county;
Today's ranking/population: 92nd place/about 2.3 million
Song version of the hundred family names in order: 250th
【Origin】The Wu surname is mainly derived from: zi surname, Ji surname
1. From the sub-surname, with the ancestral character or the name as the surname
(1) After Wu Ding, the King of The Shang Dynasty, he took the ancestral name of the clan. According to the Wuban Stele, after the Shang King Wuding, his ancestral name was the clan. For example, the Han Dynasty Wuban is.
(2) After the Duke Wu of Song in the Spring and Autumn Period, he took the title of a clan. According to the "Customs and Customs", in the Spring and Autumn Period, Sikong, the son of Duke Dai of Song, was posthumously given the title of "Wu", and was historically called Duke Wu of Song, and his descendants were known as the clan of his ancestors, also known as the Wu clan. It is for the Shangqiu Wu clan.
2. From the surname Ji
(1) After Ji Wu, the young son of King Ping of Zhou. According to the New Book of Tang and the Genealogy Table of Zai Xiang, in 770 BC, Inuyasha invaded Western Zhou, king You of Zhou was killed, and Western Zhou perished. King You's son Yi Usu was favored by some princes such as Shen, Xu, and Lu, and took the throne at Shen, and later moved the capital to Chengzhou Luoyi (present-day Luoyang), historically known as Eastern Zhou. Yi Usui was the King of Zhou Ping.
When the youngest son of King Ping of Zhou was just born, because of the pattern of the word "Wu" on the palm of his hand, he was given the title of Wu (武氏), a Zhou Dynasty doctor, and later his descendants, hence the name Of Wu (武) and the historical name of Wu (武) zhengzong. It is for the Wu clan of Henan.
(2) Descendants of Sun Man, the grandson of King Zhou of Zhou, and belonged to the clan simplified to the name of Fengyi.
Because Wang Sunman's descendants were once enfeoffed in Wuyi (武彊; present-day Zhengzhou, Henan Province), among his descendants, there were those who took the name of their ancestor Fengyi as their surname, called Wu Qi , and later simplified to a single surname Wu clan in the province, which has been passed down from generation to generation.
3. From the name of the country
According to the "Shiben", "Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames" and other materials, Xiachen Wuluo was enfeoffed with the state of Wuluo, and after the death of the state, his descendants took the name of the country and called it Wu surname.
4. Originating from an official position, it belongs to the clan with an official title or a knighthood
(1) From the official title of "Wugong Jue" during the Han Dynasty.
In 123 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to reward the soldiers for bravely killing the enemy and establishing military merit, specially created the "Wugong Jue", which was gradually deposed after the collapse of the Xiongnu
Among the descendants of the soldiers who were awarded the title of Wugong Jue, there were those who took the title of ancestral official as their surname, called Wugong, and the later provincial text was simplified to a single surname Wushi.
For example, the famous Sima Da, the Great General, and the Marquis Weiqing of Changping, was originally of the Zheng clan, and the seven of his ancestors and sisters all took the surname of Wei according to their mother's surname. In the series of wars of the Western Han Dynasty to defend the Central Plains against the invasion of the Xiongnu, Wei Qing was awarded the title of Wu Gong by Emperor Wu of Han many times for his high merits, and his descendants were many descendants of the Wu clan with the surname of Knighthood, which has been passed down to this day.
(2) From the official arsenal order during the Han Dynasty.
During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a special arsenal office under the "Zhi Jinwu", which was in charge of weapons and ordnance, combat materials, etc., with the arsenal order as the chief and the arsenal as the adjutant, just like today's general logistics department. This official position continued until the Five Dynasties period, until the Song Dynasty was deposed and changed to Bingbu Wucao.
Among the descendants of the Wuku Ling, The Wuku Cheng, and the Wuku Shi, there are all those who take the title of the ancestor official as their surname, called the Wuku clan, and the later provincial text is simplified to the single surname Wu clan, which has been passed down from generation to generation.
(3) From the Han Dynasty period official Wu Wei general.
During the Han Dynasty, the royal family set up a Wuwei battalion, and the military and political governor was called "Wuwei General", who was in charge of the forbidden guards.
Among the descendants of General Wu Wei, there are those who take the title of the ancestral official as a surname, called Wu Wei and Wu Wei, and later simplified the provincial text to a single surname Wu and Wei, which have been passed down from generation to generation.
(4) From the Northern and Southern Dynasties and its Northern Zhou official Wu Bo.
During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the military and political governors who commanded the "six rates" in the imperial court were called Zuo Wubo and Right Wubo.
Among the descendants of Zuo Wubo and Right Wubo, there are those who take the title of ancestor official as a surname, called Wubo, and later simplified the provincial text to a single surname Wushi
5. Derived from the simplification of fief names
According to the "Customs and Customs", the Han Dynasty had the Wuqiang King Liang, whose fief was in present-day Wuqiang County, Hebei Province, and his descendants were simplified to the Wu clan because of the fief "Wuqiang".
According to the historical book "Customs and Customs", during the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a famous general named Wang Liang, who was one of the twenty-eight generals of Yuntai. Bai Da Sikong (百大司空), the Marquis of Wuqiang , whose fiefdom was in present-day Wuqiang County , Hebei Province. Among his descendants, there are those who take the name of the ancestor's fief as their surname, called Wuqiang.
In addition, in the historical book "He Surname Yuan", it is recorded: "There are Guangwu clan, Wucheng clan, Wu Zhong clan, and the Western Qin Record has Wu Du clan." ”
Among the descendants of the Wuqiang clan, the Guangwu clan, the Wucheng clan, the Wuzhong clan, the Wudu clan, etc., there are later provincial simplified to a single surname Wu clan, Qiang clan, Guang clan, Cheng clan, Zhong clan, Du clan, etc., which have been passed down from generation to generation.
6. Derived from changing the surname or giving the surname to a surname
(1) Originated from the change of surname, which belongs to the surname given by the emperor as a surname.
During the Tang Dynasty, the surnames of Fu, Zuo, and Li were given the surname of Wu by Wu Zetian, and some of their descendants have been passed down from generation to generation.
(2) Originated from the change of surname, it belongs to the impersonation surname as a surname.
According to the historical book "Book of Tang", "Tang He Lanmin, the heir of the samurai, assumed the surname of Wu. ”
According to its records, during the Tang Dynasty, there was a Helan Min, who was said to be a descendant of Wu Zetian's father, the Governor of Jingzhou, Wu Shiyan, who assumed the surname of Wu. Helan Minzhi, full name Helan Minzhi, among the descendants and clansmen of Helan Minzhi, there are those who take the ancestor's fake surname as the surname, called Wu Shi; there are also those who are still called Helan Clan, and later the provincial text is simplified to a single surname He Shi.
7. Originating from the Manchus, it belongs to the Sinicization and changes the surname to a surname
According to the classics "Eight Flags Tongzhi", "Qing Dynasty Tongzhi Clan Luo, Manchuria Eight Banners Surname":
(1). Manchu Guo Wu'er clan, Manchu pinyin: Gour Hala, Manchu surname, lived in the Heilongjiang River Basin, and after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the multi-crowned Han surname was Wu.
(2). The Manchu Wusu clan, also known as wusu harishi, Manchu pinyin: Usun Hala, Chinese character meaning "water", is one of the oldest surnames of the Manchu people, originating from the Jurchen Wengusunbu (Wugusun, Wusun) of the Jurchen clan during the Jin Dynasty, with the clan as the clan, living in Wusu (present-day Jilin Yitong), Varkha (now south from Changbai Mountain, north of the Tumen River, north of the Uzala region in the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River, east to the south of the Siberian coastal region), Neyin (present-day Jilin Fusong Songhua River upper reaches of the river basin), Changbai Mountains and other places, After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many Chinese characters were changed to Wu, Wu, Wu, Su, Guan, Mu, Dai, Bai, Chang and so on.
(3). Manchu WusuLi clan, also known as Usura clan, Manchu pinyin usuri Hala, with the land as the clan, Shiju Delji Seqin (present-day Heilongjiang Hulin), Neyin (present-day Jilin Fusong Songhua River upper reaches of the river basin), Huifa (present-day Jilin Liuhe, Huifa River and the lower reaches of the Shahe River, Huadian, Huinan area) and other places, after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, changed the Chinese character surname to Wushi, Wushi, Wu and so on.
(4). Manchu Wukudenji clan, Manchu pinyin: Ukudenggi Hala, lived in Qiqihar (present-day Qiqihar, Heilongjiang), and changed the Chinese surname to Wu after the middle of the Qing Dynasty.
(5). Manchu Wujia clan, also known as Wujia clan, Wujia clan, Manchu pinyin is Ugiya Hala, the ancestors of the late Eastern Han Dynasty were carried by the Liaodong Xianbei Wuhuan tribe, integrated into the Xianbei, and then gradually evolved into the Liaodong Jurchen, shiju Wula (now Jilin Yongji), Solun (now heilongjiang Nenjiang west of the vast area), and later there are Dahuoer, Hezhe, Mongolian as surnames. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese character surname was changed to Wu, Wu, Wu and so on.
(6). Manchu Wu Nie clan, Manchu pinyin unIn Hala, her family lived in Saharcha (present-day Heilongjiang north bank of the Breya River Valley), after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many Chinese characters changed their surnames to Wu, Nie and so on.
8. Originating from the Evenk ethnic group, it belongs to the Sinicization and change the surname to a surname
Among the Evenk clans were the Wu Li Xi clan, also known as the Wu Li Xi clan, which was later changed to the Chinese character single surname Wu Shi.
9. Originating from the Mongolian ethnic group, it belongs to the Sinicization and change the surname to a surname
According to the classics "Qing Dynasty Tongzhi Clan Luo Manchuria Eight Banners Surname", "Qing Dynasty Tongzhi Clan Luo Mongolian Eight Banners Surname":
(1) The Mongolian Uzara clan, also known as the Wuzha La clan and the Wuzara clan, lived in Chahar (in the area of present-day Zhangjiakou, Hebei, including Hebei, inner Mongolia Ulanchabu League, Xilingol League, and parts of Shanxi). Later, there were Manchu and Xibe clans as surnames, and the Manchu pinyin was Ujara Hala. The Manchu Uzhala clan lived in Wula (present-day Yongji, Jilin), Saharcha (present-day Buleya River Basin on the north bank of the Heilongjiang River), Hada (present-day Xifeng Xiaoqing River Basin, Xifeng, Liaoning), Huifa (present-day Jilin Liuhe, Huifa River, and lower reaches of the Shahe River, around Huadian and Huinan), Yehe (present-day Jilin Yehe River, Yitong River, Yidan River, Dongliao River Valley), Baishi (present-day Jingpo Lake, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang), Salhu (present-day northwest of the Dagangfang Reservoir in Fushun, Liaoning), Wadan (present-day Ning'an, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang), Miaogashan (present-day Tangyuan, Heilongjiang Province, One is said to be in present-day Heilongjiangkou Temple Street, Russia), along the Heilongjiang River. The Xibe Uzara clan was mostly in Guarcha (present-day Ussuriysk, Russia), and after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese characters were changed to Wu, Wu, and Wu.
(2) Wu Yao clan of the Mongol ethnic group, who lived in Chahar (in the area of present-day Zhangjiakou, Hebei, including Hebei, Inner Mongolia Ulanchabu League, Xilin Gol League, and parts of Shanxi). Later, there were Manchu citations as surnames, manchu pinyin as Uyo Hala. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the surname of Many Guan Han was Wu.
In addition, the Mongolian Wuji Ye Ti clan and Wuzhu Muqin clan changed their Chinese characters to Wu shi, Wu shi, Wu shi and so on during the Ming Dynasty.
10. Originating from other ethnic minorities, it belongs to the Sinicization and change the surname to a surname
Among the ethnic minorities such as the Jing and Yi ethnic groups, there are Wu clans distributed, and most of their sources are in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the government implemented the policy of bondage and the movement to change the land and return to the stream, and the flow is changed to the Chinese character surname Wu, which has been passed down from generation to generation.
Fu totem interpretation
【Interpretation】Symbol, original meaning letter. In ancient times, it was called a rune letter. It is a certificate of entry and exit to the checkpoint, and it is also a souvenir of the imperial court's mobilization of soldiers and horses.
Ancestor of the surname: Gongya (grandson of Duke Lu)
Ancestral land: Linyi, Shandong
Gunwangtang No.: Langya, Huimintang, Heshantang
Current ranking/population: 161st/ about 1.1 million
Song Dynasty Hundred Family Names Ranking: 251st
【Origin】The fu surname is mainly derived from: Ji surname
The Fu surname is one of the well-known surnames in China, and the surname fú (fú) is simple in origin, from the Ji surname, a descendant of hou ji, the ancestor of the Zhou clan, with the official name of the clan. According to the "Yuan He Surname Compilation", "Lu Qian Gongsun Gongya, for the Qin Fu Seal Order, because of the clan Langya. According to the "First Aid of Surnames", "Fu Shi, the grandson of Lu Qiangong, is Qin Fu Ling, because of the clan Yan." The above documents show that the surname of Fu was obtained during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and has a history of more than 2,000 years. Ranked 251st in the Song version of "Hundred Family Names".
Fu, the original righteousness of the letter also. In ancient times, it was called a rune letter, which was a certificate for entering and leaving the gate, and also a certificate for the imperial court to convey orders and mobilize soldiers. The earliest rune was in the shape of a tiger, and the soldier rune that saved Zhao from the Xinling Jun in the Warring States period was in the shape of a tiger. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was changed to a carp shape, and after Wu Zetian ascended the throne, it was changed to a turtle shape. The first spell was made of bamboo, and later there were a variety of gold, copper, and jade, but no matter what quality system was used, it was divided into two, and each side held half of it, and combined it to verify the truth and falsehood. Therefore, the extension has the meaning of conformity. This, in turn, forms a powerful official position. The Fu clan should be a family that inherits this official position, and the Fu people use the Fu as the original totem and clan emblem of the clan, and eventually the Fu surname appears.
The so-called symbol is the voucher used by the ancient dynasty to convey orders and dispatch famous generals, first made of gold, jade, copper, bamboo or wood to make a certain shape, and then cut in half from the middle, the king's messenger and the dispatched person each hold half, and the order is consistent to test the authenticity. During the Warring States period, after the State of Lu was destroyed by the State of Chu, the last king of the State of Lu had a grandson named Gongya, who later served as fu xi ling in the state of Qin, and his descendants took Fu as their surname. According to scholars, in the area of Hougang Village in Laozuka Town, Taikang County, Henan Province, there are still Fu ancestral halls, genealogies, and genealogical inscriptions in the village. Gongya's descendants, all over the country surnamed Fu, trace the roots, their hometown is in Henan. The Wangs lived in Langya Commandery (琅琊郡, in present-day Zhucheng County, Shandong Province).
1. "Yuan He Surname Compilation": Lu Qian Gongsun Gongya, for qin fu seal order, because of the clan. Langya. "Surname Rush": Fu Shi, Lu Tian Gongsun Ya. For the Qin Rune Order. Injeune. "Guangyun": Yashi Qin Xiling, Deshi, Langya. The Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu's "Genealogy of the Fu Clan", the Ming Dynasty Song Lian's "Genealogy of the Fu Clan", and the Ming Dynasty Qiu Jun's "Records of the World Introduction" are basically as mentioned above. The above documents show that the Fu clan originated from the Ji surname, is a descendant of King Wen of Zhou, and "Fu Xi Ling" is an official name, so the Fu clan is named after the official position. In 256 BC, the State of Chu destroyed the State of Lu, and the grandson of Duke Lu Qian, Ya, served as fu xi ling in the qin state, and the world called it fu, so it can be seen that the surname of fu was in the last year of the Warring States, about 2240 years ago. "Fu" is the ancient dynasty to convey the order, the dispatch of soldiers will use the voucher, first made of gold, jade, copper, bamboo, wood into a certain form, and then cut in half from the middle, the king's messenger and the dispatched person each hold half, the order coincides, in order to verify the truth and falsehood.
2. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties more than 1600 years ago, the former Qin clan of The Qin clan changed the Pu clan to the Fu clan, from the grass to the bamboo, and his grandson Jian Jian ascended the throne as emperor, after the defeat of the army in the First World War of Shuishui, some of the descendants of the Fu clan gradually changed to the Fu surname due to disaster avoidance, so the descendants of the Fu clan were also integrated into a branch of the Fu clan. From this, it can be seen that the Fu surname is one of the oldest surnames in the world.
3. This surname is available to the Present-Day Li, Mongolian, Miao, Tujia, Zhuang, Hui, Manchu and other ethnic groups.
4. In the fifth generation, other surnames were changed. Lang's surname has been changed to a surname.
5. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Hunan was divided from the Fu surname, and now it has multiplied about 100,000 people.
6. In 1952, the state forced the writing reform, there were many Fu clans changed to Fu shi, there was no Fu clan in history, of which Fu Cao Lou Township in Taikang County, Henan Province was rewritten as "Fu Cao Lou", and the contemporary Fu clan was also separated from part of the Fu clan because of shorthand.
7. Originating from the Xiongnu people, according to the historical book "Zhao Shi Jinshi Record Volume 20": "The pseudo-Han Situ Liu Xiong stele quoted the stele cloud: 'Gong Zhenxiong, character Ying, Emperor Gao's concubine, Xiaoxuan Emperor Xuan's grandson. On the occasion of Wang Mang's usurpation, he was far away from Bian Shuo, and was pushed by foreign countries, so he was called Shan Yu. According to Xionghui Liu Yuan's younger brother, Tu Gehu was the grandson of Emperor Xuan of Han in the present world. The fu surname comes from Liu Xiong, the Great Situ of the Han Dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and belongs to the clan named after the ancestors. Liu Xiong (劉雄), courtesy name Ying, was the younger brother of the Southern Xiongnu chieftain Liu Yuan , who served as the Grand Duke of Han after Liu Yuan founded the Han dynasty ( Former Zhao State ) in the first year of the Western Jin Dynasty ( 304 AD ) .
The Han dynasty (former Zhao state) existed for a total of 26 years from 304 to 330 AD, with more than 280,000 troops in its heyday, and it was held in present-day Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, and Gansu.
In 304 AD, Liu Yao, the prince of the former Zhao Dynasty, was famous for a time and destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty. Later, he personally led a large army to a fierce battle with the Later Zhao state Shi Le.
After the fall of the Han dynasty (former Zhao state), Liu Xiong's descendants, in order to avoid the persecution of the Later Zhao Shile family, concealed the Liu clan and changed the ancestral zigzag as a surname, called Fu and Ying, and gradually became culturally Sinicized, which has been passed down from generation to generation.
8: Originated from the official position of the Xianbei clan, from the Northern Wei Fu Xi Lang Zhongchen Baba Zhen during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, belonging to the clan with the title of official.
Fu Xilang was an important minister in charge of Wang Tingyuxi and various seals during the Northern Wei Dynasty.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Northern Wei regime set the official seals of subordinate prefectures, counties, prefectures, and counties as positive and negative symbols, with the positive symbols in the imperial court and the deputy symbols in the hands of local administrators at all levels, and the two were called "seal letters"; when the local administrators had anti-court orders and plotted rebellion, the Wang court smashed the positive symbols, and the deputy symbols naturally became invalid, and their seals no longer existed, so as to show that they no longer had administrative effect.
In the "Dialectic of Surnames" written by Deng Mingshi, it is recorded: "The second brother of Emperor Xian of Later Wei was the Baba clan, which was later changed to the Changsun clan. "It is indicated that the original surname of the Changsun clan was the Tuoba clan, which came from the Xianbei Tuoba clan, and sometimes there was the "Fu Xi Lang Zhongchen" of Henan County, which was the later Northern Wei Xiaowen Tuoba Hong (元宏), who was then the Henan County Fu Xi Lang Zhongchen, whose family name had not yet been unified as tuoba clan, and the inscription he used in the inscription of Wang Shubigan, the king of the late Yin Shang Dynasty, was Tuoba Zhen. In the later Northern Wei Dynasty, in addition to the Tuoba clan of the Shu clan, there was also the Tuoba clan of the Shu clan.
Among the descendants of Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were those who continued the surname of the Baba clan, which was later renamed fuxi by the original official of the ancestors, renamed the Fu Xi clan, and then simplified the provincial text to a single surname Fu clan, and then gradually became a culturally Sinicized clan and became one of the important members of the present-day Fu family.
This branch of the Fu clan is of the same origin as the Ba clan and the Changsun clan.
9: Originating from the official position, from the Official Pai Envoy during the Yuan Dynasty, it belongs to the clan with the official title.
Fu Pai Envoy, full name "Fu Pai Ambassador", was the highest official of the Fu Pai Bureau during the Yuan Dynasty, with the deputy envoy of the Fu Pai, the official rank of the eight pins, subordinate to the Ministry of Works, full-time in charge of the manufacture of tiger symbols and other symbols for military generals at all levels.
Among the descendants of Fu Pai, there are those who take the title of ancestor official as their surname, which was Sinicized into the Fu clan during the Ming Dynasty, and has been passed down from generation to generation.
As for part of the birthplace of the Fu clan, one is said to be the place where Ya is an official, in the Xianyang area of Shaanxi, and the other is said to be the ancestral hometown of Ya, Langya, in present-day Linyi, Shandong, around Zhucheng, and the descendants of Fu Ya multiplied in the area of Langya and Huaiyang. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Fu clan was a Wang clan in Langya, because Fu Ya was a Langdi person, so scholars believe that Langya (present-day Linyi, Shandong) was the birthplace of the Fu clan. In 2004, Linyi, Shandong Province, established the Lulangya Fu Clan Society, and in 2006, the Malaysian Fu Clan Association donated 26,000 yuan to the Lu Lang Lang Fu Clan Society for the restoration and protection of the world's Fu cultural sites.
Liu's totem interpretation
【Interpretation】 Liu's original meaning is a weapon. The character Liu on the inscription resembles the shape of a samurai holding two swords to dissect.
Ancestor of the surname: Liu Lei
Ancestral land: Lushan, Henan
Gunwangtang Number: Pengcheng, Peijun; Pengchengtang
Rank/Population today: 4th place/about 67.7 million
Song version of the hundred family names in order: 252nd place
【Origin】 The surname Liu is mainly derived from: Qi surname, Ji surname
Liu surname, the earliest Liu surname is derived from Liu Lei, a descendant of Yao, so Liu Lei is the ancestor of the surname Liu. The surname Liu looked out of Pengcheng, Jiangsu.
By 2013, it had a population of nearly 70 million, accounting for 5.34% of the country's population, ranking fourth after Wang, Li and Zhang. Liu established the Western Han, Later Han, and Southern Han dynasties.
Origins evolved
According to the historical Records of the Book of Han, the Tongzhi Clan Strategy, and the Chinese Surname, there are three main origins of the Liu surname: the Qi surname, the Ji surname, and the foreign surname.
1. The earliest one is derived from the Qi surname, is a descendant of Emperor Yao, formed in the late Xia Dynasty, from present-day Lushan, Henan.
Liu of the Qi surname has two branches from the same source: one directly from Liu Lei, formed in the Xia Dynasty, and one from Liu Lei's descendants, Shihui, formed in the early Spring and Autumn Period.
Born in the late Xia Dynasty, Liu Lei learned the skill of domesticating dragons with the Dragon Clan, who was proficient in dragon breeding techniques, and domesticated 4 dragons for Kong Jia, the thirteenth emperor of the Xia Dynasty, so he was given the surname of Royal Dragon Clan by Kong Jia. Liu Lei lived in present-day southern Yanshi County, Henan while raising dragons for Kong Jia. Later, due to poor breeding, a female dragon died, and Liu Lei, fearing Kong Jia's punishment, secretly fled with his family to Lu County (present-day Lushan County, Henan) and hid. Liu Lei's descendants take Liu Lei's name as their surname, which is the earliest Surname of Liu in China.
2. The Liu clan, which originated from the Ji surname, was formed in the Spring and Autumn Period, with Yi as a clan, from present-day Yanshi, Henan.
3. Change of surname of foreign nationalities
(1) Surname: Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Bo, because of his merits in saving Liu Bang at the Hongmen Banquet, Liu Bang gave his family name Liu. In 202 BC, after Liu Bang ascended the throne at Luoyang, he accepted the suggestion of the shushu Lou Jingding the capital Guanzhong and decided to move the capital to Chang'an, and therefore gave Lou Jing the surname Liu.
(2) Early years of the Western Han Dynasty: Xiongnu surnamed Liu. At that time, the Xiongnu tribe was strong, and Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, adopted a policy of peace and pro-kinship, marrying the daughter of the imperial family to the Xiongnu Shan Yu Mao dun as his wife. The surname of Mao Dun is Qiu, but according to the custom that the Xiongnu nobles all follow the mother's surname, the descendants of the Xiongnu clan are all surnamed Liu.
(3) During the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Wei and Jin Dynasties: In order to win the support of the people of the Central Plains, a branch of the Xiongnu tribe claimed to be a descendant of the Han Dynasty princess and the Xiongnu Shan Yu, and always used the surname of the mother fang, so the surname liu. They established three regimes in present-day Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia, namely the Han, Former Zhao, and Xia dynasties, and later settled in Henan. The history is called "Henan Liu Shi". Former Zhao's founder, Liu Yuan, was a Xiongnu nobleman.
(4) One of the "Eight Surnames of Xun Chen" in northern Wei had the Dugu clan, and after Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital from Datong, Shanxi in the 20th year of Taihe (494) from Datong, Shanxi, he implemented a Sinicization reform in 496, changing the Dugu clan of the Xianbei clan to the Liu clan.
(5) During the Five Dynasties period at the end of the Tang Dynasty, a branch of the Turkic Beibu Shatuo tribe also pretended to be a descendant of Liu Bang. The Later Han regime and the Northern Han regime in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were established by the Shatuo Liu clan.
From the Xiongnu nobles in the early Western Han Dynasty, the Xianbei tribe of the Southern and Northern Dynasties entered the Central Plains, all the way to the Sinicization of the Eight Banners of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty, a large number of foreigners changed their surnames to Liu during this period. In northern China, especially in Henan, the Liu surname contains the genes of the Xiongnu and Xianbei people; the Liu surname in the northeast region is mainly mixed with manchu and Mongolian blood.
Jing's totem interpretation
【Interpretation】 Jing, "bright light also". Wherever the light goes, there is "yin" in everything. Later generations, the name Yang is light, and the name Yin is shadow. The original meaning is the shadow of the object that appears because of the light, and it is the imaginary scene of the thing.
Ancestor of the surname: Jing cha
Ancestral place: Jingzhou, Hubei, Zibo, Shandong
Gunwangtang No.: Jinyang
Today's ranking/population: 215th/about 550,000
Song Dynasty hundred family name ranking: 253rd
【Origin】The Jing surname is mainly derived from: Qi surname
1. From the surname Qi
In 1973, a bronze Yong Bell was excavated from the no. 1 platform of the Chucheng Ruins in Zhaojiahu, Danyang, Hubei Province, with the inscription: "The King of Qin is humble, and the king of Jingping is determined to save Qin Rong.". According to the newly created Chu Jian, Li Zero interpreted the "King of Jingping" in the inscription as the King of Chuping in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was a double-character title for the King of Chuping, and he further pointed out that the Jing clan of the State of Chu during the Warring States period originated from the King of Chuping.
2. From the State of Qi
During the reign of King Jing of Zhou, the king of the State of Qi died, and his courtesy name was Jing, and he was known as the Duke of Qi Jing. His descendants took his courtesy name as their surname, also surnamed Jing. A nobleman of the Zhou Dynasty, he was knighted before his death, and had a posthumous title. The title was a symbol of social status and spiritual honor, so the title of the nobility became the surname of its descendants. During the Spring and Autumn Period of The Zhou Dynasty, the monarch of the State of Qi died, with the nickname "Jing", known in history as the Duke of Qi Jing, and his subordinates took the title of "Jing" as their clan, and Jing Ugly and Jing Chun were his descendants.
3. From changing the surname to a fake surname
Change your surname. Common ones are given surnames by emperors, surnames that are changed to avoidance, surnames that are changed to avoid disasters, monophonic polyphonic surnames, and so on. There are also some rare phenomenon of surname change, that is, the polyphony of single-tone surnames, as well as the change of surname to avoid shame, the change of surname to avoid ridicule, and so on. In addition, in the history of the development of surnames, it is also common to change surnames due to phonetic falsification and provincial text. JingQing, a loyal martyr of the Ming Dynasty, was originally surnamed Geng, and later changed his surname to Jing.
What should be the cause of Jingqing's change of surname, the relevant literature has not yet been found, which needs to be further examined.
Impostor surname. It is a kind of change of surname, which is changed to the surname of another person because of adoption, or because the mother remarried, or because of the son-in-law, etc. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao's original surname was Xiahou, because his father was adopted by Cao Teng, so he assumed the surname of Cao.
4. From the Mongolian ethnic group
It comes from the Jingjiji clan of the Mongolian ethnic group, and belongs to the cultural and pinyin Sinicization and change the surname to a clan. According to the classic book "Eight Banners of Manchurian Surname Genealogy", the Mongolian Jingjiji clan, also known as the Jingjiji clan, lived in Keshketeng (present-day Chifeng Keshketeng, Inner Mongolia). Later, there were Manchus who took the surname. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Mongol and Manchu Jingji Ji clans changed their Chinese character surnames to Jingshi, Jishi, Jishi, Jinshi, etc.
5. From the Manchus
The Manchus are one of the most populous ethnic minorities in China, mainly distributed in the three northeastern provinces. The Manchus called the surname "Hala" and the family "Mukun". Initially a hala was a mukun, and later as the population multiplied, the family branch and the "garrison" were transferred elsewhere. The original Mukun split into several new Mukun. Their surname path has many similarities with those of the Han Chinese. Taking the place of residence as the surname, the tribal name as the surname, and the surname given by the emperor, the old surname of the Jurchen tribe, due to separation, migration and so on. In addition, there is the Sinicization of Manchu surnames, which refers to the manchu use of Han surnames. Among them, the name of the surname, from here you can find the cause of the Surname of Jing in the Manchus. There are two forms of surnames: one is to use a word in the name of the father as the surname of the descendants, which is the same as the pre-Qin Han "with the character (or name) of the king's father as the surname"; and the other is to take the first character of the name as the surname. Because the Manchu surname is translated into Chinese for several characters, it is inconvenient to call it, so it is often called a name without a surname (clan name), which has led to the practice of using the first character of the original name as a surname in the long-term custom (of course, he also has his own clan surname). The "Qing Barnyard Banknotes" also said: "The surnames of the Manchu and Mongolian ethnic groups are not written in the world, and the first word of their names is called surnames." The customs did not notice, so they thought that their grandfathers and descendants had different surnames. ”
6. It comes from the ancient Jurchen tribes, and belongs to the cultural Sinicization and change of surname to surname.
In the classic book "Qing Barnyard Banknotes", it is clearly recorded: "The surnames of the Manchu and Mongolian ethnic groups are not written in the world, and the first word of their names is called surnames." The customs did not notice, so they thought that their grandfathers and descendants had different surnames. ”
According to the classic book "Qing Dynasty Tongdian Clan Luo Manchuria Eight Banners Surname":
(1). Manchu Hu Xi clan, Manchu pinyin huhi hala, shiju Huifa (present-day Jilin Liuhe, Huifa River and lower reaches of Shahe River, Huadian and Huinan area), later changed the Chinese character single surname to Jingshi.
(2). The Manchu Jinggeli clan, also known as the Jinggeli clan and the Jingerli clan, Manchu pinyin: Gingeri Hala, meaning "clean", lived in Ula (present-day Changchun, Jilin). Later, the single surname of the Chinese character was changed to Jingshi, Jinshi, Jingshi, Sunshi and so on.
(3). Manchu Jingji clan, also known as Jingji clan, Manchu pinyin: Ginggi Hala, Shiju Ula (present-day Jilin, Jilin), and later changed the single surname of The Chinese character to Jingshi, Jinshi, Jingshi, etc.
(4). The Manchu Jingjia clan, also known as the Jingjia clan, Manchu pinyin: Ginggiya Hala, the ancestors were taken into the Xianbei tribe by the Xianbei Wuhuan tribe of Liaodong at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and gradually evolved into the Liaodong Jurchen, who lived in Liaoyang (present-day Liaoyang, Liaoning), and later changed the Single Surname of The Chinese Character to Jingshi, Jingshi, etc.
There are also many Jing celebrities among the Manchus, jinggu ledai, Jing'an, Jinglian, Jingxing, Jingshan, etc., which will be introduced in future chapters.
7. From the Daur ethnic group
It is from the Jingqili clan of the Gudaur clan, which belongs to the cultural Sinicization and surname change to a clan. According to the classic book "Qing Dynasty Tongdian Clan Luo Manchuria Eight Banner Surname", the Jingqili clan of the Dahuer clan, also known as the Jingqili clan, lived in Jingqili Wula (around the present-day Jieya River), Kaharibihan Erli Village, heilongjiang coast and other places. Later, there were Manchus who took it as a surname. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Daur clan and the Manchu Jingjiji clan changed their Chinese character names to Jingshi and Jinshi.
8. From the Jingpo ethnic group
It is from the Jingpo tribe of the ancient Baiyue ethnic group, and belongs to the cultural Sinicization clan with the national name. The Jingpo people call "surname" "surname" in Chinese harmonic pronunciation "Bossang", which contains the meaning of class, species and surname. In the history of the Jingpo people of the same race and the same kind, that is, people with the same surname, were all related by blood and could not intermarry. This system of "no marriage with the same surname" is still strictly observed. The surname plays the function of "surname marriage" in the Jingpo ethnic group. Therefore, the Jingpo surname is closely related to the family history.
There are large surnames and small surnames in the Jingpo surnames. There are twenty-six surnames, all of which are tribal or family symbols of clan society. Among them, the five surnames of Mu Ri (Peng, Li), Enkun (Yue), Leto (Dong, Xu), Muran (Shang, Yang), and Le Pai (Platoon) are the descendants of hereditary mountain officials, known as the five official surnames. More than three hundred minor surnames were derived from twenty-six surnames. The Jingpo people call the small surname "Ting Guo Ming", that is, the name of the household. It was further developed from the household name to the surname (i.e. the name of the small family). Large surnames and small surnames are often used together, with small surnames in front and large surnames in the back, and marriage can be intermarried between two small surnames separated from the same large surname.
The surnames of the Jingpo people are mainly derived from seven aspects: (1) official positions and occupational titles; (2) place names of birth or residence; (3) animal names; (4) plant names; (5) titles of living utensils and building materials; (6) names of food or things; and (7) certain animal behaviors.
The surname origin pattern of the Jingpo people is very similar to the origin of the surname of the Han people, and is mostly related to totem worship. The distinction between large surnames and small surnames and their social functions have striking similarities with the early "surname" and "surname" divisions of the Han nationality, and the "marriage of surnames" and "surnames", which can be seen from the basic law of the development of surnames in the Chinese nation.
Among the Jingpo people, many people have changed their names to Jingshi with the harmonic Chinese characters of the national title, which have been passed down from generation to generation.
9. Koreans
It is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces and parts of Inner Mongolia, and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is the main settlement of Koreans. Among the nearly one hundred surnames of The Korean people in China, the Jing surname also occupies a certain proportion. The ancestors of ethnic Koreans in China migrated from the Korean Peninsula. Sporadic migration began at the end of the 17th century, and after the mid-1860s, due to the cruel exploitation and oppression of the korean feudal ruling class, coupled with the great famine in the northern part of the eighth year of the Qing Dynasty (1869 AD), a large number of Korean disaster victims moved into the Yanbian area of China to settle down.
10. The Achan people
One of the ethnic minorities living in the southwest frontier of our country. It is mainly distributed in Longchuan, Lianghe, Luxi and Baoshan Prefectures of Yunnan Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Tengchong, Longling and other counties, of which about 90% of the population is concentrated in Husa District of Longchuan County and Shadao and Dachang District of Lianghe County. The Achang people are one of the ethnic groups with a long history in China, and the records of the ancestors of the Achang people in The Han documents first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and the name "Achang" was determined at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. According to historical records, the ancestors of the Achang people already lived in the area of present-day Baoshan, Tengchong, and Lianghe as early as the 13th century. The Achang originally had no surname, but later began to have a surname under the influence of Han culture. Since the Ming Dynasty, a large number of inland Han ethnic groups have moved into the Achan area, which has had an impact on the social development of the Achan people. Especially in the Husa and Lasa areas, there are still buildings and tombstones left over from the Ming and Qing dynasties, which have the characteristics of Han culture. The Achan are influenced not only economically, but also by customs, religion, and names. The Jing clan of the Achang clan, in the early Ming Dynasty, followed Mu Ying, the Duke of Muguo, to attack the three sides (present-day Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi), and finally stayed in the southwest frontier, intermarried with the local Achang compatriots, and gradually integrated into the Achang tribe, becoming one of the big surnames of the Achang people.
The name of the Achan people is generally taken from the positive meaning, which conveys good wishes. Brothers and sisters of the same generation, the name of a word more than the same, or have a certain connection, this point and the Han people have something in common, from the name can be seen whether it belongs to the same generation.
11. From the Dai ethnic group
From the early Ming Dynasty MuGuo Army under the Jing clan soldiers, belongs to the cultural Sinicization of the surname to a surname. The Jing clan of the Dai clan, whose ancestors followed Mu Ying, the Duke of Muguo, in attacking the three sides (present-day Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi) in the early Ming Dynasty, and finally stayed in the southwest frontier, gradually integrating culturally into the Dai people. The Dai people originally had no surname, but later they successively obtained their surnames through the following channels. Some are because of the intermarriage between The Dai and Han, the Dai girls married the Han and gave birth to children with their father's surname; some are the surnames given by the school teachers for the convenience of the title; more interesting is the "birth with the teacher's surname", after liberation, there was a phenomenon of what the teacher's surname was, and what was the surname of the whole class.
James totem interpretation
[Interpretation] Zhan, the original meaning is a lot of words. Can mean words. More words are bound to involve a wide range of aspects, from high to low, one by one. Zhan you Tongzhan, the official title of the ancient Chu state in charge of the zhan wizard" "Zhan Yin", also known as Zhan Yin.
Ancestor of the surname: Zhan Wenhou
Ancestral place: Xinzheng, Henan
Gunwangtang No.: Hejian, Bohai, Nanyang; Yongsitang
Today's ranking/population: 164th place/about 1 million
Song Dynasty Hundred Family Names Ranking: 254th
【Origin】The surname Zhan is mainly derived from: Ji surname
1. From the surname Ji.
One of the most important theories is that the Zhan surname comes from the Ji surname. During the Zhou Dynasty, especially in the Spring and Autumn Period, the sons of the royal and gong clans took the feudal state as their clan, and their descendants in various ways ordered the clan, and the descendants of the Marquis of Zhan Wen took the state or fief (邑) as the clan, called the Zhan clan. Zhan Wenhou served as a young master at the time of King You of Zhou, and seeing that King You was favored by King You, he ignored political affairs, so he resigned and returned to his fiefdom. Later, the Youwang Beacon played the princes, resulting in the disaster of the fall of the country, and he himself was killed by Huangquan. Although Zhan Wenhou was the brother-in-law of King You, he was wise and unscathed, and his descendants were able to successfully escape the disaster. Because Marquis Wen of Zhan was first enfeoffed in Zhan, future generations honored him as the ancestor of the Zhan surname. Genealogy of the Zhan clan, compiled on behalf of the generation. The earliest surviving genealogy is the Qingyuan Zhan Clan Genealogy of the Yuan Dynasty, and the earliest genealogy is the "Zhan Clan Narrative" and the "Zhan Lineage Narrative" contained in the Jianfeng Zhan Family Genealogy, which was compiled in the eighteenth year of Yanxi, that is, in 255 AD. The Genealogy of the Zhan Clan is based on the Chenghan and Tang dynasties, and the genealogy of the Song and Ming dynasties is passed down.
Dragon totem interpretation
【Interpretation】The dragon is the common primitive totem of the Chinese nation and the historical memory of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.
Ancestor of the surname: Long Xing (Yellow Emperor's chancellor)
Gunwangtang Number: Wuyang, Wuling, Tianshui; Shishitang
Today's ranking/population: 80th place/about 2.9 million
Song version of the hundred family names in order: 256th
【Origin】The dragon surname mainly comes from: sub-surname, 嬴 surname, Ji surname
1. From the sub-surname, Shang Dynasty clan or patriarchal nobility, with the fief as the clan (present-day Hui County, Henan). The Zilong in the Jin dynasty of the Shang Dynasty is the zi surname Long (see Zheng surname, You surname, etc.), and the Shang zi longding is its heirloom ceremonial vessel. The zi surname Longshi should be a high-ranking nobleman with the surname of Zilongding at the end of the Shang Dynasty (Zhu Fenghan's "The Age and Connotation of The Inscriptions of Zilongding"). Mainly inhabited the Song Kingdom, Longzi and Longshu or the Song people. There were also distributions in the Jin Dynasty, or because the Yin remnants were "moved to the west, to Luo, and north at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, and to the Song Dynasty".
2. From the surname of Ying, with the country as the surname. Dragon is the name of the ancient country, or the country of the Taihao clan, and the "Seventeenth Year of zuochuan Zhaogong" says: "The Taihao clan is based on the dragon age, so it is the dragon name of the dragon master". In modern times, Kang Youwei and other modern literary scholars believe that the "Zuo Zhuan" is a forgery book, but Liu Dunyan believes: "Both the dahao and shaohao clans are wind surnames, and they all use phoenix birds as their clan totems." The Classic of Mountains and Seas says, "Two hundred miles to the northeast, the Shandong of the Dragon Marquis." In the Han Dynasty murals, Fuxi Nuwa is the first scale of the human head. The Qing Dynasty He Shaoji's "Dongzhou Caotang Wenqian" said: "Zhou Long Bo Ji, long gai ancient country name." He also said: "Taishan Bo ping south and that is the ancient country of the land." And according to the funerary objects of the tomb of Lady Fan in the early Spring and Autumn Period, which was found by archaeology, there was indeed a dragon kingdom with the surname of Yin. After the fall of the kingdom, the Gong clan was called the Dragon Clan.
3. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were groups of Shu states between Jianghuai and Huai, all of which were surnamed Yan. It was built by the remnants of the Shu kingdom and the remnants of other yan countries, including the Shu Long Kingdom. Later, the State of Shulong was destroyed by the State of Chu. During the Han Dynasty, the State of Shulong was Longshu County (龍舒郡, in present-day Lu'an, Anhui Province).
4. Changed by the Gong clan. In the Shang Dynasty, there was a ZiLong clan, the Zi Gong clan and the Zi Long clan were strictly juxtaposed, both were Shang Dynasty nobles, and there was intermarriage (Zhu Fenghan's "The Age and Connotation of the Inscription of Zi Long Ding"), and in the Western Han Dynasty, there were Gong Sui, Gong Chang, etc. (see "HanYin Character Signs"). The existence of "dragon" and "龏" in the Qinghua Jian "Lineage Year" unearthed from the Warring States should be regarded as a mistake (the Zhou Dynasty writing system after Yin Shang was chaotic), and the Jin script should prevail. After the Han Dynasty, it was rare to change the Gong clan, or some changed it to the Dragon Clan.
5. Derived from the surname Ji, with Fengyi as the surname. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Lu had Longyi ("Zuo Chuan Chenggong 2nd Year"), and in the southwest of present-day Tai'an, Shandong, Lu Dafu may have a surname of Yi. The State of Wei also had Longyi and the great general Longjia. Both Lu and Wei were surnamed Ji.
6. Change the surname of Longqiu clan and take the mountain as the surname. In the New Mang dynasty, there were hermits Longqiu Cang, Wu people; Cai Yong's Qin Cao had Chu people longqiu gao; during the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was Liang Guodu Longqiu Daqian. After that, it was unknown, or changed to the Dragon Clan. #姓氏 #
7. The Shang Dynasty had a dragon fangguo. Long Fang, seen in Yin Xu Bu Ci. Scholars believe that it is the state of the Yulong clan and the Fenglong clan (Peng Bangjiong's "Study of the Dragon People and Related Nationalities Seen in Bu Ci"), which is very true, and the Chinese Zheng Yu records that Dapeng and Feng Wei (i.e., the Royal Dragon Clan) were destroyed by the Shang king Wu Ding. This is in line with the Oracle, "[Wu Ding] ordered the Master to take the Thirty Yi from Peng Long" (Oracle , Collection 6798 ) . The Shang Dynasty oracle bones often use abbreviations (for example, the lone bamboo country is called "bamboo"), and there are three known countries (clans) named after dragons in the oracle bones: the Royal Dragon Clan, the Feng Long Clan, and the Shang Zi Long Clan. The descendants of the Yulong clan evolved into the Tang Du clan, the Fan clan, the Du clan, etc. ("Zuo Zhuan") to the Zhou Dynasty; the descendants of the Yulong clan had the Yi clan ("Zuo Chuan"), a branch of the Dongyi clan, who were good at pottery making; one said that its descendants were divided into the Guan clan and the Long clan, but there was no examination; the descendants of the Shangzi Long clan were the Zhongyuan Long clan, as the remnants of the Yin merchants, and were also "moved to the west, moved to The Luo, moved to the north and feng Song Juwei" by the Zhou people, so there were Northern Dragon clans distributed in Hebei ("Qianbei"), Shaanxi ("Qianxi"), and Henan ("Fengsong Juwei") during the Han Dynasty. Same distribution as other sub-surname families. #百姓故事 #
8. From changing surname. In ancient times, there were Gou Long clans, or there were those who changed to Gou clans and Dragon clans.
9. From the Yellow Emperor's subject Longxing, according to the "Records of Surnames" and the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", the Yellow Emperor had a dragon line, and the Yellow Emperor had a bear (present-day Xinzheng, Henan Province). It is for the Henan Longshi. #国学 #
10. After Shunshi Nayan Long, according to the Tongzhi Clan Strategy, the Dragon Clan, Shunchen Ye, and Long Ye Na Yan (the so-called Na Yan was an official position dedicated to cashiers and imperial orders at that time. His descendants took the official name of The Dragon as his clan. Because Shun's area of activity was in the southern Jin region, the Zhilong clan originated from present-day Shanxi Province. It is for the Shanxi Longshi. In the Han Dynasty, Long Mian moved from Julu zhao in Hebei to Fufeng Jingzhao, and four generations had Long Shu, Zi Bogao, Long Bogao initially served as Shandu County Ling, Han Guangwu Emperor Shi Sheng Ling Ling, Guan Yu Chu, Jia Wu Ling. He is the ancestor of Wuling.
11. After the Yu Shun period, according to the "Tongzhi Clan Sketch" and the "Mingxian Clan Words and Deeds Draft" and other information, it is said that Father Dong, who has a surname, is good at feeding dragons, and was given the surname "Feng Long Clan" by Shun for raising dragons. Its descendants have dragons as their descendants, and they are for the Hubei Long clan. #国学经典 #
12. After Liu Lei of the Royal Dragon Clan during the Kongjia period of the Xia Dynasty, according to the "Surname Examination", the dragon surname comes from the Royal Dragon Clan and looks out of Tianshui. After Liu Lei became Tang Yao, because of his ability to domesticate dragons, he was deeply appreciated by Emperor Kong Jia of Xia, and was given the title of "Royal Dragon Clan"),among the descendants of the Dragon Clan, there were those who took the dragon as their clan. Liu Lei's ancient city, in the south of present-day Yanshi County, Henan, was for the Long clan of Henan.
13. Other ethnic minorities have the dragon surname, which belongs to the historical change of land to the middle stream of the han surname (because there is no writing, so according to the harmonic pronunciation, the Chinese characters are used as the surname), and the dragon surname on the hundred family names is of different origins, but it only shares a Chinese character. The surnames of Yang, Li, Liao, Chen, Huang, Wang, and Zhang of ethnic minorities are all derived from this. In China, there are dragon surnames in the statistical sense of the Miao people (Miao surname 仡僚, 仡芈, etc., with reference to the Miao surname), dong (Dong surname Doulong, etc.), Yi (Yi surname Najilou first class), Manchu (Manchu Muduli clan), Mongolian (Mongolian Dragon clan), Yao, Shui, Pumi, Hani and other ethnic groups. #国风大典 #
"Surname totem and origin" reflects the history and development of surnames to a certain extent, although it cannot be fully taken seriously, but it can learn a lot of knowledge.
Thanks to the support and attention of the family, Xiaobian will make more efforts to consult relevant literature and continue to update the totems and origins of more than 400 surnames in China for the family