Fruit flies are one of the main pests that harm large cherries in recent years, mostly feeding on highly ripe fruits, which are rapidly softened and rotted by moth fruits, which are inedible and completely lose their commerciality.
The fruit fly itself is small, the reproduction speed is fast, and the harm is hidden, making it difficult to control and prevent.
At present, the fruit flies that harm China's big cherries include the rib fruit fly of the fruit fly genus, the fruit fly of Suzuki, the fruit fly of Heide's fruit, the fruit fly of the black-bellied fruit fly, the fruit fly of the imi fruit fly, the fruit fly of the fruit-like fruit fly and the lepidoptera of the genus Officinalis, among which the black-bellied fruit fly and the suzuki fruit fly are the most harmful.
Black-bellied fruit fly
Eggs: white oval, about 0.5 mm long.
Larvae: 3 years of age, milky white, maggot-like, visible to the naked eye at one end of the head is slightly pointed, with a black spot as a hook.
Pupa: fusiform, with 2 breathing holes at the front and tail buds at the back, the pupal color is yellowish at first, and gradually turns dark brown after 3 to 4 days.
Adult: About 3 mm long, the female is slightly larger than the male, and the center of the black belt on the posterior edge of the dorsal plate of the abdomen is constantly open as its identification point.
Suzuki's fruit fly
Image source: See watermark
Also called spot-winged fruit fly, the first three insect states are basically similar to the black-bellied fruit fly, which will not be repeated here, but it should be noted that only the male fly has black spots on the forewings, and the female flies do not.
It is worth noting that the spawner of the suzuki female fly is jagged and relatively hard, which can easily cut through the cherry peel, which belongs to the active hazard type, similar to the toripe nocturnal moth and the dead leaf nocturnal moth in the citrus fruit-sucking nocturnal moth, and the fruit fly can be referred to in the way of harm.
At temperatures of about 20 °C and ground temperatures of 15 °C, adults reach the peak of feathering, and the aromatic substances or sweetness emitted by the cherry fruit after ripening have a strong attraction to fruit flies, and those with a slight break will attract them to lick and lay eggs.
As we mentioned earlier, the female of Suzuki fruit fly can lay eggs under the skin of ripe cherries, and after the eggs hatch, maggot larvae first moth the epidermis layer of the fruit, and then eat the damage to the fruit heart, which also facilitates the occurrence of other fruit flies.
The larval feeding hazard softens, the epidermis is watery, and if it is squeezed slightly, the juice spills out, and then the flesh turns brown, and the fruit rots quickly.
Mature larvae fall from the fruit to the ground and burrow into the soil to pupate, feathering and continuing to harm or turn to dormancy the following year.
For the general fruit fly, the most critical part is to reduce fruit damage, pay attention to the timely removal of fallen fruit, diseased fruit, wound fruit, etc., in order to reduce its occurrence; for the spot-winged fruit fly, which comes with its own crime tool, in addition to the above work, it is also necessary to carry out from multiple angles such as agriculture, materials and chemical prevention.
Agricultural control: timely cleaning of dead branches and stumps, fallen leaves, zombie fruits, fruit drops and harmful weeds that cause diseases and insects in the orchard during the growth period, destroying the occurrence conditions of fruit flies; turning the soil in winter and spring, laying mulch film in early spring can suppress the base of insect mouths and prevent trees; maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions, spray foliar fertilizers such as Gesme at the fruit stage to prevent cracked fruits, remove cracked fruits and rotten fruits as soon as possible, and reduce the parasitic sites of fruit flies.
Physical control: yellow plate booby trap, self-formulated sweet and sour liquid booby trap, protein bait + trap, etc.
Chemical control: in the spring garden, the ground, the ground, the weeds, spray cypermethrin + avermectin, can effectively reduce the base number of fruit flies; the fruit expansion stage to the early coloring stage, the selection of avi flies or matrine and other whole plant spraying, can reduce the harm of fruit flies; 15 days before the ripening of large cherries, it is recommended to choose matrine and other pollution-free insecticides to ensure fruit safety.
This article is written and sorted by the agricultural assistant team, please be sure to indicate the source of the agricultural assistant, do not modify the content of the article, the modification must be investigated!