On the stage of modern Guizhou history, there are a number of cultural figures worthy of our familiarity: Ping Gang, the pioneer of the Guizhou revolution who was the first to publicize new culture and new ideas in the anti-Qing struggle in Guizhou; Ren Kecheng and Yang Enyuan, chief editors of the "Guizhou Tongzhi" of the Republic of China; Zhu Qizhao, one of the founders of Chinese architecture; Yan Yinliang and Xiao Xian, great calligraphers who are well-known throughout the country; Xie Liuyi and Ma Zongrong, famous publishers, writers, and educators. Song Hongxian's book "Guizhou Modern Cultural Figures" was selected and compiled for everyone, telling their main resumes and introducing their outstanding achievements in cultural undertakings.
Ren Kecheng, a cultural scholar who runs a new study and cultivates tongzhi
Ren Kecheng (1878-1945), zizhiqing, number dagger, formerly known as Wen Rong, a native of Puding County, Guizhou (historical records show that he was a native of Anshun County), was born in the fourth year of the Qing Dynasty (1878) into a family of eunuchs. Since childhood, it has been deeply influenced by traditional Confucian thought, and its "unvalled pan, well-known order". At the age of nineteen, he was admitted to the Xiu Xiu, and later entered the Jingshi Academy presided over by Yan Xiu. In the twenty-seventh year of Qing Guangxu (1901), he was admitted as the fourth-place candidate; in the twenty-ninth year of Qing Guangxu (1903), he was recommended by the local government of Guizhou to be admitted to the Cabinet of Jiachenke. The following year, Ding Wu returned to Guizhou and was appointed by the local authorities in Guizhou to participate in the provincial education affairs and politics, and from then on he began his cultural construction work in Guizhou. Throughout his life, he not only founded a number of schools in Guizhou, during which time he served as the chief education officer of the Beiyang government, but also paid a lot of effort to the revision of the "Guizhou Tongzhi" of the Republic of China.
Ren Kecheng's specific work in education began in the thirty-first year of the Qing Dynasty (1905). At that time, under the influence of the Restoration Movement, the Qing court established the Faculty in the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904), setting off a wave of new-style schools throughout the country. Lin Shaonian, the new governor of Guizhou, was anxious to succeed, and appointed Xu Tianxu, who had returned from Japan to the province, to be responsible for running the school, and appointed Tang Eryong as the supervisor of the Guizhou Normal School. Tang had the wisdom to know people, and he was invited to serve as teaching staff such as Ke Cheng, Zhang Xielu, and Peng Shuwen. The Institute has graduated two classes of students and provided teachers for the new-style education in Guizhou. After the abolition of the Guizhou Normal School, Ren Kecheng, Tang Eryong and Hua Zhihong proposed to create a permanent school, and suggested that Yan Junxi, the prefect of Guiyang, combine the anointing fees of the former Guiyang academies, the Binxing fees for the township examinations, the shed fees, the roll fees, and the donations of xuetian and Yuantian and the enlightened gentry for the school, and the Guiyang Middle School Was established, with Ren Kecheng as the provost. Later, the school moved to the old site of guiyang No. 1 Middle School and renamed it Tong Provincial Public Middle School. Ren Kecheng also taught the school's four subjects of Bible reading, Chinese language, history, and geography. This school is the largest middle school in modern Guizhou, with the best facilities and the strongest teaching force, that is, the Nanming Middle School that later became famous in the province, and is also the predecessor of today's Guiyang No. 1 Middle School.
In the thirty-second year of the Qing Dynasty (1906), the Qing Court Academy ordered Guizhou to handle the selection of excellent teachers, and Ren Kecheng served as the provost of the school, and concurrently served as a teacher of Chinese and foreign history and geography courses in the liberal arts. The academy has trained a large number of people for Guizhou, such as Wang Wenhua, Ding Yizhong, Zou Guobin, etc., all of whom are graduates of the school. In the second year of the Qing Dynasty (1910), Ren Kecheng and Hua Zhihong founded the School of Politics in Guiyang Zhuzhujing to cultivate legal and political professionals, which was also a pioneer in Guizhou. In the tenth year of the Republic of China (1921), within half a year of Ren Kecheng serving as the governor of Guizhou Province, he appointed Gui Shi as the head of the education section of the governor's office, and actively planned to establish the Guizhou Girls' Normal School.
In the history of modern education in Guizhou, Ren Kecheng was the first figure to open up the atmosphere and made achievements: running a teacher training school to train teachers for the new school; running a new school to gradually integrate Guizhou into the mainstream of modern Chinese civilization; running a women's school to enlighten women to get rid of the shackles of the feudal spirit and base themselves on the society as a new woman; and the method and government school cultivated new types of legal and political talents, sowing the seeds of scientific management, harmony and life for guizhou's modern civilization. These efforts were indeed a significant contribution to Guizhou, then "the most backward province in China."
Ren Kecheng is an extremely complex figure in politics. During his lifetime, he served as the chief of education in the Beiyang government cabinet, the inspector of Yunnan, the governor of Yunnan Province and the governor of Guizhou Province, and the inspector of Yunnan-Guizhou, and his early political ideas were in line with Kang and Liang. He organized the Constitutional Preparatory Council, whose guiding ideology was reformism. During the Xinhai Revolution in Guizhou, on the one hand, he negotiated with the Guizhou Autonomous Society, the backbone of the Guizhou revolution, and on the other hand, he and Shen Yuqing, the governor of Guizhou who was loyal to the Qing court, suggested that Shen Yuqing order Xingyi Liu Xianshi to send troops to Guiyang to suppress the revolution. After the establishment of the Military Government of the Great Han Dynasty in Guizhou, he defied the revolution, secretly colluded with local warlords to steal the name of the Guizhou Privy Council, and called Tang Jiyao in Yunnan to "settle the Rebellion on behalf of The Qian", which led to the entry of the Dian army into Qian, indiscriminately killing members of the Autonomous Society and members of the Brotherhood of elders. His act of luring wolves into the house and harming the people of Guizhou is despised by people of insight. During the Patriotic Movement, Ren Kecheng sent a secret telegram to Yuan Shikai in his capacity as a tour of Yunnan. In this thousand-word cable, the first paragraph said that changing the national system is not a bad idea, but the internal and external situation does not allow it. The second paragraph made suggestions, one was to order the abolition of the imperial system, and the other was to suspend its implementation. The third paragraph is Ren Kecheng's attitude towards Yuan Shikai, and his allegiance to Yuan Shikai is clearly displayed. On the other hand, Ren Kecheng attended three meetings of middle- and lower-ranking officers in Yunnan to overthrow Yuan, and then attended two meetings on reorganizing the old government and the Blood Alliance presided over by Cai Yi and Li Liejun. After Yunnan declared independence, Ren Kecheng personally wrote the Yuan Qiwen and the ZhaoZhi Hai Nei Annunciation, which spread far and wide. Participating in the anti-Yuan struggle is a shining page in his political history.
Another important contribution of Ren Kecheng to Guizhou culture is the Guizhou Tongzhi of the Republic of China, which was presided over and completed for nearly thirty years. In August of the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919), the Guizhou Tongzhi Bureau was established, and Ren Kecheng was appointed as the general editor, and began to preside over the compilation of the Guizhou Tongzhi of the Republic of China. Since then, he has always treated this work as an important thing in his life. Whether in the busy days of government affairs, or in the seclusion time in Beijing, Guangxi, Guangdong, Suzhou and Chongqing, they have never completely departed from the work of cultivation. By 1945, Ren Kecheng died of illness, and the Guizhou Tongzhi was initially completed. Quanzhi is 19 doors, 171 volumes, the first volume, a total of 105 volumes, about 7.5 million words, systematic and detailed description of the political, economic, cultural, military and many other aspects of Guizhou's various historical periods, is an indispensable important historical book for understanding Guizhou and studying Guizhou. This chronicle of the "Chronicle of Former Events" was hand-written by Ren Kecheng, about 2.5 million words, from yin zhou qin han to the Xinhai revolution, all the major events in Guizhou in the past, detailed and credible. For the same information, all typesets are printed and stored for future reference to facilitate further research by researchers. A variety of literature cited in it no longer exists, and the literature and cultural value of this zhi are very large, and it is sincerely the most precious treasure of Guizhou. Zhizhong, such as "Ghost Fang Kao", "Guizhou Kao", "Mu Mu Jiang Examination", etc., are Ren Kecheng's examination of major historical issues in Guizhou, which has important historical value and high academic value. During the Republic of China period, China's society was in turmoil, and there were still frequent wars and fires, and only a few provinces were able to build provincial-level local records. At that time, Guizhou, which was poor and weak, could complete such a huge work, and Ren Kecheng really paid a lot of effort. The cultivation of the "Guizhou Tongzhi" of the Republic of China is also one of the most important achievements of his life. In addition, with the efforts of Ren Kecheng, the Guizhou History Department compiled seven collections and seventy volumes of the "Qiannan Series" and four volumes of the guizhou literature quarter (hui) issue. The former is mainly written by the guizhou sages, which is an important collection of materials, and the latter provides a garden for scholars to cultivate. This is another great contribution to the preservation and dissemination of Guizhou culture.
Ren Kecheng loves Guizhou and has a deep affection for the land of Guizhou that nurtured him. He believes that the failure of Guizhou's history to be clarified is a "great shame" for the Qian people, and That Guizhou historians "should be indignant in order to seek snow." He carefully examined many cultural relics in Guizhou, such as the ancient stele next to the Pilu Temple in Xiwangshan, the red rock carvings in Guanling, the tomb of the Yongli King in Duyuncheng, etc., and wrote famous articles such as "The Visiting Monument of the Pilu Temple on Xiwangshan Mountain" and "The Tomb of the Yongli King". Ren Kecheng has a solid foundation in learning, is good at accepting new knowledge and learning, and his writing is neat and smooth, which is reflected in his many poetry works, such as "Notes on the Same Pavilion", "Poetry Manuscript of Zangshan Tang", "Reading Shi WeiLu", "Continuation of Xia Zengyou Chinese History, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, and Qing Compilation", "Qianyu" and so on. Between the lines of his words, it shows the breadth of Ren Kecheng's involvement and the beauty of his words. It can be seen that Ren Kecheng can be called a cultural giant wall of Guizhou generation.
bibliography
1. Bai Zhihan: "Ren Tai wrote Ren Gongzhi Hao's Strategy", in "Xinhai Guizhou Memory-One-One Archives Collection", Guizhou People's Publishing House, 2012.
2. He Tao: "Ren Kecheng Before and After the Patriotic Movement", in Guizhou Literature and History Selected Materials, No. 24 Supplement, 1988.
3. Wu Xiaogeng: "Public Funeral Tribute to Mr. Zhiqing", Guizhou Daily, September 6, 1948.
4. Xu Zeshu: "Biography of Ren Kecheng", Guizhou Literature and History Series, No. 6, 2000.
5. Deng Hanxiang: "Memories of Ren Kecheng", Wenshi Tiandi, No. 4, 1996.
6. He Jingwu: "Mr. Ren Kecheng, Who Is Difficult in the World", in Guiyang Historical Research, Guizhou People's Publishing House, 1996.
7. Chen Zhaoxing: A Brief Introduction to Ren Kecheng, in Selected Literature and History of Guizhou, No. 24 Supplement, 1988.
About the Author:
Song Hongxian, born in 1954, has served as the executive director of the Guizhou Provincial Historical Society, the vice president of the Guizhou Modern and Contemporary History Research Association, and the member of the Guizhou Writers Association. He is currently the editor-in-chief of Book, Painting and Printing magazine, and a special researcher of guizhou Provincial Museum of Culture and History. He has published hundreds of articles in literature and history and other articles, and has written 7 books. The article has won the first prize of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Central Party School, the National Lecturers Group Excellent Paper Award and other awards.