The Song Dynasty cannot be regarded as a unified dynasty, nor can it be said to be a dynasty that is "in the right place", but it is only a bullying of his orphans and widows, and the bullying is "unreasonable and arrogant".
With the eyes of the unfriendly neighbors around them, and the unsustainable unification of the world, the Northern Song Dynasty cannot be called a powerful dynasty, and "the weak and the small will inevitably be beaten" This is the indisputable truth summed up by the bloody lessons of history.
The Zhao surname Tianzi of the Northern Song Dynasty, the early expectations have made a difference, the medium period is difficult to make a difference, the late stage is meaningless to make a difference, the former strives to advance, the successor keeps more than enough, the latter tosses and turns, in the end, it is really "a piece of white expanse the earth is really clean", so that posterity laments that "the homeland can not afford to look back in the bright moon".
Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin (927–976)
Most of the founding emperors were deified, and Zhao Kuangyin was no exception.
Born strange, naturally with a variety of unclear visions, experienced magic, ascended to the emperor's position and staged a "Chen Qiao Mutiny", died strangely, had to make a historical mystery case "axe candle shadow".
The greatest achievement of Zhao Kuangyin's reign was the elimination of the separatist regimes in various localities, the unification of most parts of the country, and the solution of the situation of local feudal towns supporting the army and subverting the imperial court through two "cups of wine to release military power".
Among the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin was indeed a capable person, but it was a pity that his life expectancy was not long, and he died in the ninth year of Kaibao (976), when he died at the age of fifty.
In time, the situation in the world will be a different pattern. Of course, if there were ifs, if Zhou Shizong Chai Rong lived longer, there might be nothing for Zhao Kuangyin.
Emperor Taizong of Song (939–997)
Zhao Kuangyin's questioned position was not correct, and it could also be used on his younger brother Zhao Guangyi.
In the ninth year of Kaibao (976), Zhao Kuangyin suddenly died violently, and that night Zhao Guangyi stayed in the palace, and the next day, Zhao Guangyi succeeded to the throne as Emperor Taizong of Song.
After Zhao Guangyi ascended to the throne, the first thing he did was to stabilize the throne, cultivate cronies, and strengthen the centralization of power, while gradually changing the bad habits of heavy martial arts and light culture and politics at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Although Wuyue, Northern Han and other separatist forces were absorbed, the Northern Expedition attacked Liao, and the southern conquest failed, and the great cause of reunification could only be regarded as a large part of the completion.
In the third year of the Dao Dynasty (997), Zhao Guangyi, who had reigned for twenty-one years, died at the age of fifty-nine.
Zhao Heng of Song Zhenzong (968–1022)
Zhao Heng was the third son of Zhao Guangyi, emperor Taizong of Zhao Song, the eldest Zhao Yuanzuo had been given high hopes by Zhao Guangyi but was demoted to a commoner due to madness and burning the palace, and the second eldest Zhao Yuanzuo died violently in front of the successor in the hands of an anthonymity, and Zhao Heng also had the unshirkable responsibility to set up a successor candidate.
In the first year of Dao (995), Zhao Heng was made crown prince. In the third year of Dao (997), Zhao Guangyi died, and Zhao Hengjing succeeded to the throne in a shocking palace coup for Emperor Zhenzong of Song.
At the beginning of Zhao Heng's reign, he appointed many sages, and the economy of the Northern Song Dynasty was able to develop and the people were able to live in peace, which is known in history as the "rule of Xianping". Zhao Heng also rode in person to confront the invading Liao army, and after the great war between the two sides, he promoted the signing of the "Alliance of Liaoyuan" and ensured peace on the Border of Song and Liao.
However, in the later period of Zhao Heng's reign, he was extremely enthusiastic about Feng Zen, and under the great joy of his achievements, he had no intention of ruling the government, sealing Taishan in the east and Fenyin in the west, laboring and hurting the people and excessive luxury, so that the family foundation accumulated earlier was hollowed out, which deepened the internal and external contradictions in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the first year of Qianxing (1022), Zhao Heng, who had reigned for twenty-five years, died at the age of fifty-five.
Emperor Renzong of Song (1010–1063)
Zhao Zhen, whose real name is Zhao Zhen, is the sixth son of Zhao Heng of Song Zhenzong, and Zhao Heng's beloved beauty Liu Shi has no sons, and Zhao Zhen was adopted under the name of Liu From an early age. In the second year of tianxi (1018), Zhao Hui was made crown prince and given the name Zhao Zhen.
In the first year of Qianxing (1022), Zhao Heng died, and Zhao Zhen, who was only thirteen years old, succeeded him as Emperor Renzong of Song.
At the beginning of Zhao Zhen's succession, Liu Zhen was put under the government, and in the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1033), Liu Shi died, and Zhao Zhen began to pro-government. During zhao zhen's reign, he was still very accomplished, and the dynasty's political, economic, scientific, technological, cultural and other aspects had made great progress, which was historically called "Qing calendar, jiayou rule" and "renzong sheng rule". He was also extremely generous to others, able to humbly listen to the opinions of his subordinates, and was known as the "Lord of Shoucheng".
Zhao Zhen once used Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and others to launch the "New Deal for celebrating the calendar", although the reform failed, it also provided valuable experience for the latecomers. However, during his reign, the first "Song-Xia War" broke out, the Northern Song Dynasty signed the "Qing calendar peace agreement", once again exchanging property for peace, and the Liao Dynasty also increased the size again, demanding an increase in the number of coins, known in history as "Chongxi increase coins".
In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), Zhao Zhen, who had reigned for forty-two years, died at the age of fifty-four.
Emperor Yingzong of Song (1032–1067)
Emperor Renzong of Song had three sons, all of whom died prematurely, and adopted his thirteenth son, Zhao Yun, the Prince of Pu, as his adopted son and gave him the name Zhao Zongshi. In terms of blood, he was the great-grandson of Zhao Guangyi of Emperor Taizong of Song and the grandson of Zhao Yuanfen, the King of Shang.
In the seventh year of Jiayou (1062), Zhao Zongshi was made crown prince and changed his name to Zhao Shu. In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), Zhao Zhen died, and Zhao Shu ascended the throne to inherit the throne for Emperor Yingzong of Song.
Zhao Shu was physically weak and repeatedly ill, and during his reign, as a minor, the main major events were the "Pu Discussion" incident caused by the discussion of the issue of his father's name and the order sima Guang to set up a bureau to specialize in the "Zizhi Tongjian". During his reign, the borders of the Northern Song Dynasty were relatively stable, and no major wars broke out.
In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zhao Shu, who reigned for only four years, died at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve 5.
Emperor Shenzong of Song (1048–1085)
Zhao Huan (赵顼) was the eldest son of Emperor Yingzong of Song, Zhao Shu (赵曙), who ruled for three years (1066) and was made crown prince. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zhao Shu died, and Zhao Huan ascended the throne as Emperor Shenzong of Song.
As soon as Zhao Yan ascended the throne, he wanted to make a difference to change the current situation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and he summoned Wang Anshi to implement the change of law, which is known in history as "Xining Change Law". The implementation of the new law did achieve certain results in the initial stage, but it also encountered a lot of resistance, and Wang Anshi was also dismissed twice.
Zhao Hao wanted to change, promote reform with monarchy, and personally preside over the change of law, although this Yuanfeng reform system was somewhat effective, but due to the obstruction of various forces, difficult steps, and improper employment, it was still difficult to reverse the failure of the change. Zhao Yan was "ambitious" and twice provoked a war against Western Xia, but the result was fruitless and continued to pay tribute.
Zhao Yan really experienced the ultimate meaning of "the heart is higher than the sky, the life is thinner than paper" with his own personal experience, and the desire is difficult to realize and develops into jealousy and depression, and the spirit is hit hard, and the illness gradually worsens and is difficult to recover. In the eighth year of YuanFeng (1085), Zhao Huan died at the age of 38.
Zhao Xu of Song (1077–1100)
Zhao Xu's original name was Zhao Hui, the sixth son of Emperor Shenzong of Song, Zhao Xu, in the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), the age of nine, Zhao Xu was made crown prince, in the same year, Zhao Xu died, Zhao Xu ascended the throne, for Song Zhezong.
Zhao Xu was young, of course, he could not be the master, and the government was controlled by Empress Gao in the form of hanging curtains and listening to the government, and Empress Gao used the original chancellor to restore the old legal system, which is called "Yuan You's change" in history. When Empress Gao died in the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhao Xu was able to personally govern, and the new emperor, who had previously been very depressed, began to retaliate, severely cracking down on the removal of Yuan You's ministers, and using a large number of new party figures, which was a big "evil spirit".
Zhao Xu's presence among the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty was extremely low, but his reign made the surrounding environment of the Northern Song Dynasty change slightly. During this period, the Northern Song Dynasty launched two battles of Pingxia City and the Battle of Hehuang, recovering the Qingtang region and making Western Xia obediently submit to their subjects.
Zhao Xu did not live long, and in the third year of Yuan Fu (1100), Zhao Xu, who reigned for fifteen years, died at the age of twenty-four.
Emperor Huizong of Song (1082–1135)
Emperor Zhao Xu of Song had no sons at the time of his death, and with the support of Empress Dowager Xiang of Song, Emperor Shenzong of Song's eleventh son, Emperor Zhezong of Song's younger brother Zhao Yi, was made emperor for Emperor Huizong of Song.
In the second year of Zhao Tuo's reign, Empress Xiang died, and Zhao Tuo was able to personally govern, appoint Cai Jing, Yang Jian and others, and began to use the new law. These other talents are not big, but their ability to cause trouble in the world is not small, the government and government are chaotic, and the situation in the world is unmanageable. Zhao Tuo himself pursued a high-grade and luxurious life, procured the "Huashi Gang", collected strange flowers and stones, was keen on Taoism, built large-scale palaces, labored and hurt the people, the people were unbearable, and the uprisings continued, including the Liangshan Uprising and the Fang La Uprising as we know it.
Zhao Tuo had high achievements in art, was a rare calligrapher and painter among the emperors, obviously born in the wrong place, political achievements are not to say, anyway, what can not be done, military is even more defeated, but also signed an "alliance on the sea" with the Jin State in a vain attempt to unite with the Jin State to destroy the Liao Dynasty.
After the fall of the Liao Dynasty, the Jin army once again went south, and the spearhead pointed directly at the Northern Song Dynasty. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125), the Jin army attacked the capital of Fenjing, and Zhao Tuo hurriedly gave the throne to the crown prince Zhao Huan, and became the emperor of the Taishang like a "shrunken-headed turtle".
In the second year of Jing Kang (1127), Fenjing was attacked, and Zhao Tuo and the new emperor Zhao Huan were deposed by Emperor Jin as Shuren. The two were abducted by the Jin people together, and the Northern Song Dynasty fell, known in history as the "Change of Jingkang". Zhao was first imprisoned in Han prefecture (present-day Changtu County, Liaoning Province) and later moved to Wuguocheng (五国城; present-day Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province) and imprisoned. In the thirteenth year of the Jin Dynasty (1135), Zhao Tuo died at the age of fifty-four.
Zhao Huan of Song Qinzong (1100–1156)
Zhao Huan was the eldest son of Emperor Huizong of Song, Zhao Tuo, who was made crown prince in the fifth year of Zhenghe (1115), and in the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125), he was granted the throne by Emperor Huizong of Song and changed his name to Yuan Jingkang, in order to Beg King Qinzong of Song.
In the second year of Jing Kang (1127), Fenjing was attacked, and Zhao Huan and his father Zhao Tuo became prisoners of the Jin people and were deposed by the Jin people, which was only a year and three months after he ascended the throne. In the sixth year of the Jin Dynasty (1128), Zhao Huan was given the title of Marquis of Zhongdu (赵佶) and the two were sent together to Han Prefecture (present-day Changtubei, Liaoning, known as Jilin Pear Tree), and later to WuguoCheng (present-day Yilan County, Heilongjiang).
Later, Zhao Huan was also fortunate enough to be awarded the title of Duke of Tianshui County, and the place of imprisonment was once moved to Shangjing, and then arranged to settle in Yanjing. Zhao Huan repeatedly thought about returning to the south, and repeatedly and naturally failed to return. In the first year of Zhenglong (1156), Zhao Huan died in Yanjing at the age of 57.
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