Chen Jiongming, the character actually exists, is Sun Yat-sen's Guangdong compatriot, the former Qing Dynasty Xiucai. When he was a teenager, he was intelligent and studious, and when he was young, he was willing to read Kang Liang's books and pursue new theories and new ideas, and he could be regarded as a young man with aspirations. At the age of 21, he was elected as a member of the Guangdong Provincial Consultative Council. It is beginning to shine in politics. In the same year, he joined the League.
Before the Xinhai Revolution, Chen Jiongming followed the unified deployment of the League. He and Deng Heng held an uprising in Tamsui, Huizhou, and won a great victory, and established a Military Government of Guangdong with Hu Hanmin as the governor and Chen Jiongming as the deputy governor, making contributions to the creation of a revolutionary regime in Guangdong. On November 21, 1911, Sun Yat-sen returned from Europe and went to the Shanghai-Nanjing front via Hong Kong, asking Hu Hanmin to accompany him. Chen Jiongming was then the governor of Guangdong, and gave full authority over Guangdong to Chen Jiongming.
The Xinhai Revolution failed, Yuan Shikai wanted to wear the dragon robe, Sun Yat-sen opposed, launched a second revolution, and urged Chen Jiongming to raise troops. Chen Jiongming used the excuse that "Guangdong's military strength is weak and cannot be launched first, which caused Sun Yat-sen's dissatisfaction." After the failure of the Second Revolution, Chen Jiongming was defeated by Yuan Shikai. After the Dharma Protection Movement, Chen Jiongming unsuccessfully sought power in the north, so he had to go to Shanghai to join Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yat-sen immediately abandoned his grievances and entrusted him with military power.
After the second Dharma Protection Movement began, Sun Yat-sen ordered Chen Jiongming to send troops to expel the Gui warlords who were then in Guangdong. Chen Jiongming, out of the consideration of competing for territory, led his troops to Guangdong and drove Gui to victory, Chen Jiongming regained control of the military and political power in Guangdong, and his selfish desires swelled again, and he was quite embarrassed by Sun Yat-sen.
On April 7, 1922, the Extraordinary Congress convened a bicameral federation to elect Sun Yat-sen as the extraordinary president. In order to reduce the resistance, Sun Yat-sen, in the name of the very large president, appointed Chen Jiongming as the minister of war, the minister of internal affairs, and the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong province and the Guangdong army of the Republic of China government, and also made him the director of the Guangdong branch of the Kuomintang, and concentrated so many important powers on Chen Jiongming alone.
For those who are extremely greedy for power, being an emperor is not satisfied. Sun Yat-sen took the peach, and Chen Jiongming did not repay Li. In order to advance into the Central Plains and unify China, Sun Yat-sen vigorously advocated the Western Expedition. Chen Jiongming strongly opposed it, and the messengers of the Jinghe Gui warlords returned the favor and secretly colluded, which made Sun Yat-sen furious.
In April 1922, Sun Yat-sen led the Northern Expeditionary Army to retreat to Wuzhou, and Sun Yat-sen sent Chen to Wuzhou to hold a military conference, but Chen Jiongming ignored it and threatened to resign. Sun Yat-sen was furious and ordered Chen Jiongming to be dismissed from his posts as governor of Guangdong Province, commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army, and chief of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but still retained his post as chief of the War Department, hoping that he would repent and restrain him from the precipice. However, Chen Jiongming was desperately stepping up preparations for the rebellion. In order to cooperate with the reinforcements sent by Wu Peifu's secret faction, they would attack from the north and south and wipe out the Northern Expeditionary Army in one fell swoop.
At this very critical moment, Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou with Hu Hanmin and Xu Chongzhi on April 22, still patiently doing Chen Jiongming's work, hoping that Chen Jiongming's prodigal son would turn back, but Chen Jiongming, while smiling at Sun Yat-sen, filled the cannon chamber with shells that bombarded Sun Yat-sen's residence.
Sun Yat-sen was generous in nature and sincere to others. It is cruel to the enemy, that is when the enemy rushes at him with a gun; it is loving to the people, at all times. For those who look like comrades, but have ghost fetuses and hidden killing machines, Sun Yat-sen is more often Mr. Dongguo.
We say that the Chinese national bourgeoisie is born with calcium deficiency in the mother's belly, malnutrition after birth, and suffers from severe hypochondriasis. Although these words are not pleasant, they are in line with historical facts. This excessive compassion and concession, which manifested itself in the revolutionary struggle, was also quite evident in the great revolutionary forerunner Sun Yat-sen.
On the issue of dealing with Chen Jiongming, Chiang Kai-shek, who had not yet become a major figure at that time, was much more crisp than Sun Yat-sen. "Sir," Chiang Kai-shek said to Sun Yat-sen, who deliberately referred to him not as president but as a gentleman to show his close relationship with Sun Yat-sen, "according to the view of his inferior position, Chen Jiongming's nature is changeable, and it has not been a day since he was suspicious of Mr. Chen. If you want to try to carry out the Northern Expedition, you must first solve your worries about the future, the base area is unstable, and the military expedition will inevitably lead to troubles. ”
But Sun Yat-sen did not take Chiang Kai-shek's advice. During the Northern Expedition, Chen Jiongming plotted a rebellion, and unfortunately chiang kai-shek was in his words.
On May 20, Chen Jiongming ordered his confidant Ye Ju to lead his troops to secretly arrive in Guangzhou to seek an opportunity to change.
On June 14, Chen Jiongming issued a general attack on the presidential palace against the rebels, intending to put Sun Yat-sen to death.
Before Sun Yat-sen arrived in Guangzhou on April 22, he sent Chiang Kai-shek to Guangzhou first to meet Chen Jiongming. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was serving as chief of staff of the Second Army in the Guangdong Army. Sun Yat-sen's intention was obvious, because Jiang had been working under Chen Jiongming for a long time, so Jiang was allowed to dredge up first. But after Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Guangzhou, Chen Jiongming avoided seeing him.
On the evening of April 22, Chiang Kai-shek went to Sanshui to meet with Sun Yat-sen and talked about the above remarks asking Sun Yat-sen to get rid of Chen Jiongming. Sun Yat-sen did not adopt it, and Chiang Kai-shek was sullen and unhappy. He proposed to Sun Yat-sen to resign as chief of staff of the Second Army and decided to leave his post and return to his hometown. When Sun Yat-sen heard the news, he personally went to Chiang Kai-shek's residence to earnestly retain him. But he sailed back to Shanghai that night.
In early June, when Sun Yat-sen did find signs of Chen Jiongming's rebellion, he immediately sent an urgent telegram to Chiang Kai-shek: "The Cantonese army is in danger, and no one is responsible for the military, no matter what, please ask my brother to come to my aid. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was preparing for a ceremony to commemorate the first anniversary of his mother's death on June 14.
At 11:00 p.m. on June 11, Wei Bangping, commander of the Guangzhou garrison, and Chen Ce, commander of the Coastal Defense Department, reported to Sun Yat-sen by telephone one after another, saying that Chen Jiongming's rebellion tonight was obvious and that he wanted Sun Yat-sen to leave the presidential palace quickly and move to Guangzhou, but Sun Yat-sen still believed and doubted, saying on the phone: "No matter what, I do not leave, I only know that I am for the country and the nation, and I have never sought personal interests. ”
At 12 o'clock in the evening, Lin Zhimian and others ran to the presidential palace again and reported to Sun Yat-sen that Chen Jiongming's troops were going to attack the presidential palace at 1 o'clock in the night and asked Sun Yat-sen to leave quickly. You don't need to worry too much, I have transferred my guard unit out of Guangzhou, which is a demonstration of my trust in Chen Bu. If Chen Jiongming dared to call the soldiers rebellious, everyone could kill him. As the President, I am entrusted by all the people and have the responsibility to suppress the rebellion. If I lack strength and am victimized by a rebellious thief, it is precisely when I dedicate myself to the country, and I will not be spared, laughing at china and foreign countries, and insulting the image of the country. ”
At 1 o'clock in the middle of the night, the whistle of the troops gathering in the distance could be heard in the presidential palace, and Lin Zhimian, secretary of the presidential office, and others came to the Yuexiu Building of the presidential palace to persuade Sun Yat-sen to leave. Sun Yat-sen still insisted: "If Chen Jiongming dares to make trouble, I will bear the responsibility of putting down the chaos, and if I lack strength, I will only die, so as to thank my forty thousand compatriots, how can I leave at once." Lin Zhimian saw that persuasion was useless, so he no longer "polite", and even dragged Sun Yat-sen with a white cloth robe, put a pair of ink crystal glasses on the bridge of his nose, dressed up as Sun Yat-sen's own outfit, like a doctor, dragged and pulled, and put Sun Yat-sen out of the Yuexiu Building of the Presidential Palace.
Several of them, who encountered several rebels on the way, said that they went to the patient's home for emergency treatment, and they were able to pass safely with a relaxed attitude. He came to the Tianzi Wharf and boarded the Baobi ship that Chen Ce, the commander of the river defense, came to pick up him, and then turned to the Yongxiang ship, and then to the Yongfeng ship.
On June 18, sun Yat-sen sent a secret telegram to Chiang Kai-shek: "Mr. Chiang Kai-shek: The matter is urgent, and I look forward to coming soon." Sun Wen. After Chiang Kai-shek received the telegram, he was deeply excited by Sun Yat-sen's trust in him, and immediately entrusted his family affairs to Zhang Jingjiang, abandoning filial piety and loyalty, and shedding tears on his journey. He arrived in the Guangdong Sea on the 29th and ventured aboard the Yongfeng ship.
Sun Yat-sen was also deeply touched by Chiang Kai-shek's act of risking death to answer the call and coming to the disaster in spite of dangers and obstacles. After he saw Chiang Kai-shek, he seemed to see hope and told foreign reporters: "Jiang Jun's coming here alone is tantamount to adding 20,000 reinforcements." So he gave him full command at sea.
A falsehood in times of trouble is ten loyalties than usual. Chiang Kai-shek can be regarded as clever, history has given him the opportunity, and he has firmly grasped it, whether it is Chiang Kai-shek's speculation or whether he did have some righteousness and courage at that time, in any case, after Chiang Kai-shek's superior performance in Sun Yat-sen's current disaster, a new era of relations between Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen has begun.
Sun Yat-sen left the Yuexiu Building for about two hours, and Chen Jiongming led an army of 20,000 people, divided into three roads, and surrounded the presidential palace. At that time, the only guards guarding the presidential palace were Ye Ting's second battalion and part of the first battalion of the first battalion of the base camp guard regiment, as well as the guards near Yuexiu Building, with a total strength of only 800 or 900 people. Chen Jiongming's army pressed the border and was bound to raze the presidential palace to the ground and crush Sun Yat-sen to pieces, and it is conceivable how sinister the traitor's intentions were.
Ye Ting led the guard troops and engaged in fierce battles with the rebels, who launched 5 large-scale attacks on the Presidential Palace, all of which were repelled by the resolute resistance of the defenders. In addition to using rifles and machine guns, the rebels also bombarded them with cannons, forming a storm-like tremor and turning the northern half of Guangzhou into a battlefield filled with gun smoke.
When Sun Yat-sen left the presidential palace, worried about exposure, Sun's wife, Soong Ching Ling, did not go with Sun Yat-sen, but stayed. At that time, Song Qingling was pregnant. The fruit of the love between Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling in this disaster was also knocked down by Chen Jiongming's evil cannonball, and after that, Soong Ching-ling never conceived Sun Yat-sen's child again, leaving posterity with great regret and indignation!
The rebels attacked from morning to noon and finally failed. The rebel general Ye Ju sent an army to make ma Yufan come to make peace with the defenders. The defenders knew that the widows could not reach the masses, the task of defending President Sun Da had been completed, the ammunition was running out, the food had been destroyed, the water and electricity were gone, and there was no foreign aid, so they agreed to the conditions of the rebels, and the defenders laid down their weapons and withdrew from the encirclement with their bare hands. The war was over.
After Sun Yat-sen retreated to the Yongfeng ship, he led the fleets to carry out a fierce bombardment of the rebels along the provincial river. After Chen Jiongming's troops withdrew from the presidential palace, they continued to lead their troops to attack Sun Yat-sen.
On July 8, Wen Shude, the commander of the navy who had seen money and forgot his righteousness, accepted a bribe of 260,000 yuan from Chen Jiongming and led the three ships Haixi, Haichen, Zhaohe and sun yat-sen to defect and leave Huangpu. The Northern Expedition armament ships were severely shelled by the land rebels, so Sun Yat-sen led the Northern Expedition armament ships to leave Huangpu and move to the xinzhuang village river, and then to White Goose Pond.
At the same time, after the Northern Expeditionary Army learned of Chen Jiongming's rebellion, it immediately sent its division to Guangzhou to seek thieves, and was stopped by the rebels at Shaoguan, and fierce battles broke out between the two sides. Sun Yat-sen saw that the Northern Expeditionary Army had been defeated and he was in adversity, so he decided to leave Guangzhou and seek opportunities to plot again. Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition and Western Expedition were both abandoned by Chen Jiongming's rebellion.
The heart of a villain cannot be defended, but Sun Yat-sen is not good at defending against people, and the revolutionary cause is difficult and difficult, but Sun Yat-sen is aware of the difficulties. Chen Jiongming's rebellion put Sun Yat-sen in danger.
This incident brought infinite pain to Sun Yat-sen, and the revolutionary cause he had painstakingly engaged in saw a little light, and soon it was covered by dark clouds; he looked at the beautiful face of his delicate and emaciated wife, who was covered with sorrow all day long, and his heart was like a knife. Yesterday was still a comrade-in-arms in the trenches, tomorrow will meet with swords and guns, Sun Yat-sen also feels extremely lonely at this time. Today is scattered, when will we meet again? The revolution has been going on for several years and has failed repeatedly, so what is the way out for the revolution? Sun Yat-sen fell into confusion and despair.
Every kind of setback or unfavorable mutation is accompanied by the same large beneficial seeds. This is what the Americans say, fall on your head, change your understanding. Chen Jiongming's rebellion also brought him endless thinking to Sun Yat-sen, a warrior who never knew defeat, gave him a deeper understanding of the nature of the warlords, forced him to comprehensively sum up and reflect on the revolutionary road he had taken in the past, the revolutionary doctrine he advocated, and the revolutionary methods adopted, and forced him to jump out of his narrow circle of class interests and find new revolutionary partners.
The reason why Sun Yat-sen is great lies in his spirit, in his spirit of perseverance and courage to forge ahead, and in his courage to conform to the trend of history, constantly revise himself, and dare to challenge himself. Sun Yat-sen was a selfless and fearless man, worthy of the title of "Father of the Nation" by later generations.
Because of Sun Yat-sen's desperation and unremitting pursuit of revolution, he happily accepted sincere help from the Soviet Union and the Chinese Communist Party. Since then, he has embarked on a new revolutionary road and begun to compose the most glorious history of his life.