Flower-tailed hazel bird calls:
The flower-tailed hazelnut chicken (scientific name: tetrastes bonasia, English name: hazel grouse) is the smallest of birds in the Chinese grouse family, and is large like a pigeon.
This bird was called "FeiyeLengu" in Manchu, meaning "chicken in the tree", and later took its consonant as a flying dragon or flying dragon bird.
Small (36 cm) grouse. It has distinct crown feathers and a black throat with broad white edges. The upperparts are soot-brown and densely spotted. The wings are blackish brown , and the shoulder feathers and wing covert feathers are banded with white margins. The tail feathers are nearly brown, and the outer tail feathers are black with secondary spots and white ends. The lower body is yellowish in skin and has brown and black crescent-shaped spots in the middle of the feathers. Both flanks have brown scaly spots. The red fleshy eyebrows are not obvious.
Iris - dark brown; mouth - black; feet - color.
Call: Clear boorr boorr wing-beating sound. The ostentatious call is a long sucking sound tseeuu-eee tititi. Alarms are fast pyittittittitt-ett-ett sounds.
Range: northern Eurasian region, northern Altai Mountains to Sakhalin Island.
Distribution: It is common in coniferous forest areas and forested plains with an altitude of 800-2100 meters in northeast China. The subspecies sibiricus is distributed in the Taiga forest of Daxing'anling, and the subspecies amurensis is distributed in the Xiaoxing'anling Mountains, the southern tip of the Daxing'anling Mountains and the Heilongjiang River Basin, reaching as far south as Liaoning and northeastern Hebei. It is also found in the Altai Mountains in northwestern China.
The distribution range of the flower-tailed hazel is large, from the Scandinavian Peninsula at the western tip of eurasia, the Pyrenees Mountains in Spain to the east, to the Coast of Okhotsk in the Russian Far East, as well as Korea and Hokkaido in Japan, and in China in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other places.
Multi-pair activities. Chicks can fly up trees in a few days. It prefers the dense birch trees and alder tangles of the stream.
Flower-tailed hazelnut is a typical forest bird, mostly inhabited by dense vegetation, berry-rich coniferous forests such as red pine, fir and spruce, and broad-leaved forests or mixed forests such as tulip trees and birch trees, and the distribution height can be seen from low hills at an altitude of 400 meters to higher mountains of about 1800 meters, and there is a clear seasonal vertical migration phenomenon. They particularly prefer to inhabit dense shrublands with berries in valleys or slopes and in wet or watery forests in the foothills, often on leeward slopes or next to falling trees. In winter, to the deciduous birch forest and the arborvitae of savanna trees on both sides of the river, where the sun can be directly exposed, the sunshine time is also longer, and the branches with multiple buds can get plenty of food.
The duration of the daily activity is closely related to the length of sunrise and sunset times. Winters are mostly active in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests on both sides of rivers, spending the night in snow covering the ground, and in other seasons in pine and stinky pine juvenile forests with ferns and dense shrubs on the ground. When food is scarce in winter, the range of activities is generally expanded accordingly. The call is high and high,000, with the same pitch, especially during the breeding season.
The food of the flower-tailed hazelnut chicken is mainly the young branches, shoots, fruits and seeds of plants, and more than 30 kinds of plants and more than 10 species of animals have been recorded, and pine nuts, hazelnuts, acorns, and black bean trees, wild cherries, wild roses, tooth bumps, strawberries, etc. in the northeast forest are all foods it likes to eat, and sometimes eats some lepidoptera insects, snails, ants and its eggs. In late autumn, winter and early spring, when the ground is covered with snow, it is almost entirely foraging in the trees, and in line with this, its claws have chestnut edges that can grasp the ice-slippery branches, which is the result of long-term adaptation to the ice and snow environment.
The flower-tailed hazelnut chicken is mainly a single formulation of one male and one female, but there is also a tendency to multi-preparation. It is also similar to other birds of the grouse family in terms of courtship, breeding and brooding. It flags the field mainly through calls and is interconnected, emitting a low warning sound when two males approach. The scene is not as noisy and grand as other grouse birds, but generally just a male bird and a female bird dancing and chasing together, and the running circle place is also relatively hidden.
Mating in heat from late April to early May. The nest is built on the ground of many mixed forests and shrubs, and the burrows are dug into the nest, and the inner layers are covered with fine grass stems and leaves. Each clutch lays 7 to 14 eggs, light yellowish brown with sparse reddish-brown spots. The incubation of eggs is undertaken by the female bird, the incubation period is 21 to 25 days, the chicks can forage independently after a few days of incubation, and the bird stage is reached in about 3 months.
Predators: Raptors such as the long-tailed forest owl (strixuralensis), goshawks (accipitergentilis) and some mustelidae are the main natural enemies of the flower-tailed hazelnut. In the Changbai Mountains, the flower-tailed hazel chicken habitat has fewer coniferous trees that can hide from predators, so it is more threatened by predators. Hunted as a medicinal ingredient.
Habitat destruction: Extremely rare due to deforestation and over-hunting.
The flower-tailed hazel is the most widely distributed and common species of birds in the grouse family, but since the 1930s, its habitat has been shrinking day by day, and it has been divided into discontinuous islands or strips, and the populations living in European countries have declined to varying degrees, and in some places have become extinct. The flower-tailed hazel chicken living in northeast China was called "FeiyeLengu" in Manchu, meaning "chicken in the tree", and later took its consonant as "flying dragon". Because of its aromatic and delicious meat, it became the main hunting bird in the northeast region, and from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was also used as a tribute bird to the emperor as a delicious dish. Due to deforestation and over-hunting, from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, the density of hazelnuts in Changbai Mountain dropped by 84%. At present, the density of several major production areas of huawei hazel chicken is not high, 0.08-0.22 per hectare in Daxing'anling area, 0.10-0.17 per hectare in Xiaoxing'anling area, 0.08-0.19 in Changbai Mountain, and the number in the extreme northern region of Xinjiang is even smaller. The flower-tailed hazelnut chicken in Liaoning, northern Tianjin and Xinglong, Hebei, is or is on the verge of extinction.
The flower-tailed hazel chicken was a famous and delicious rare bird in ancient times. Because the meat of the "flying dragon" is tender and delicious, it has been a treasure among birds since ancient times. The Qing Dynasty royal family was well aware of the delicacy of hazel chicken, and every year ordered local officials in the northeast forest area to pay tribute to the imperial court, and specially named it "Nian Gong Bird". However, at present, the number of flower-tailed hazelnut chickens is extremely rare, which is a second-class protected animal in China, and it is illegal to hunt flower-tailed hazelnuts.
Mini Program【Bird Song】
Application Name【Bird Calls】
Share bird fun, popularize bird knowledge, publish bird information, care for birds, and protect ecology