On May 25, the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900), the elder lady of Cixi was even more domineering than Qin Shi Huang, and issued twelve "letters of renunciation" in one breath——
The Qing Dynasty officially declared war on eleven countries, including Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Austria-Hungary.
Lafayette, who was extremely skilled in politics, and steered the Manchu And Han Dynasty Minister of Culture and Military Affairs obediently, was there a problem with the "brain circuit" that did such a stupid thing that was unattainable and unprecedented in the history of human warfare?
The Demagogues of the Boxers? He was stimulated to look at Guangxu?。。。。 unknown.
But as a result, we know that the Great Qing Dynasty paid a huge price for such crazy decisions, which is also known as the "Gengzi National Disaster".
When the capital was easily breached by foreigners, the imperial court official at that time: GuoziJian sacrificed wine Wang Yirong, who was under the nest, and his family was destroyed.
Wang Yirong first swallowed gold and took opium to commit suicide unsuccessfully, and then jumped into a well to commit suicide. At that time, Wang Yirong's children were not in the capital, so he let his 43-year-old wife and 32-year-old eldest daughter-in-law die in a well.
Wang Yirong (1845-1900), also spelled Zhengru, was a native of Fushan County, Dengzhou Province (present-day Fushan District, Yantai, Shandong). He was appointed to the Hanlin Academy, entered the South Study, and was given the title of Guozi Supervisor of Wine, and the official to the waiter. Since childhood, he has been obsessed with gold and stone characters, collected gold stone inscriptions, and is proficient in inscription examination.
Wang Yirong dynasty costume statue
The most ironic thing is that when the foreigners approached the city and the destruction of the city was imminent, Wang Yirong was so worried that he was ashamed of his inability to protect the empress, and he did not know that Cixi had long disguised himself as a civilian and fled the capital in the name of "patrolling Shanxi". 【Note 2】
I don't mean to say that Wang Yirong is pedantic and has the mentality of "sympathy for understanding", I can understand the Confucian intellectual's values of "jade shattered into benevolence", but I can't understand why he easily let his poor wife and daughter-in-law also commit suicide.
Even though Wang Yirong's family is "full of loyal martyrs", we know that what makes Wang Yirong famous in history is not "tragic martyrdom", but his scholarly status and academic contributions——
He was an academic master of the late Qing Dynasty, along with Sun Yaorang, Luo Zhenyu and Wu Dacheng, who discovered the sword and pen script of the Yin Shang era: oracle bone script.
It was thus found that the greatest archaeological discovery of the twentieth century, the Anyang Yin Ruins, was able to reappear in the sky, and only existed in the ancient documents, the Lost Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty, which had no chronological information, and became an irrefutable history of faith.
Anyang Yin Ruins Museum
The excavated documents of the Yin Ruins Oracle are new materials that even Confucius and Sima Qian have not seen, and have rewritten the history of Chinese scholarship for three thousand years, contributing to the birth of a new popular discipline: oracle bone science.
In Wang Yirong, there must have been many people who saw the Yin Tomb Oracle, but only he discovered the amazing secrets hidden in it. Therefore, from an academic point of view, Wang Yirong's contribution is very large.
To put it a politically incorrect way:
He was more valuable than being a foolish martyr and a confused martyrdom official. If he is alive, he is a figure beyond the "four halls of oracle bones", equivalent to Newton and Einstein of physics.
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Speaking of the discovery of Oracle, we are familiar with the following experiences:
Wang Yirong occasionally felt malaria, he grabbed a pair of medicines, including a pair of Chinese medicine called keel, he suddenly found that there was writing on the keel, and after research, he concluded that it was Yin Shang's knife and pen text. So he bought all the keels in the pharmacy and bought them extensively.
This statement is widely circulated, and CCTV's "General History of China" adopts this statement:
But is this claim reliable?
If you trace the source of the information, you can find that this statement first appeared in the North China Daily in Beijing on July 5, 1931, when an author named "Xi Weng" published an article entitled "Turtle Shell Text".
This is a newspaper from almost ninety years ago, of course I can't find the original documents, but Mr. Li Xueqin found a copy,
In 2007, he wrote a paper entitled "The Discovery of The Turtle Shell and the Oracle" [Note 3], quoting the full text:
Mr. Li found through research that this article is full of errors, and many information such as year and address are wrong, and I only quote parts:
I would like to add two points:
This article does not say that Wang Yirong is an oracle bone found from the "keel" Chinese medicine, but the "turtle plate", which is also a Chinese medicine, but not a "keel":
Turtle board, also known as turtle board glue
Keel, which tastes Chinese medicine, generally refers to fossils of paleontology
Secondly, Xi Weng's "Turtle Shell Text" mentions that Wang Yirong's "turtle board" was bought from the Pharmacy of Caishikou Darentang, which is almost impossible, why?
Wang Yirong died in the "Gengzi National Disaster", that is, in 1900, found that the oracle bone is 1899, although the Darentang Pharmacy is a long-established brand, I went to their official website to check, the information is very clear - the founder of Darentang is Le Daren, founded in Tianjin in 1914:
Darentang and Tongrentang are both family-owned businesses, which were spun off from the three-hundred-year-old "Lejia Old Shop", which opened a branch in Beijing in 1917, not at Caishikou, but at Dashilar in Beijing
The distance between "Caishikou" and "Dashilan" is two kilometers:
Therefore, Xi Weng's "Turtle Shell Text" is full of loopholes and basically has no credibility.
As Mr. Li believes that "the Tortoise Shell is not an academic treatise, there is no need to comment on it, but the impact of the article is really great", "Wang Yirong was infected with the disease and found the oracle bone from the Chinese medicine keel" The earliest source of information.
Then, from the existing evidence, it is basically certain that Wang Yirong's "dragon bone sees Yin Qi" is based on this small article.
In fact, even Wang Yirong's son did not say that his father was an oracle bone found from the so-called "keel", and the process of Wang Yirong's discovery of the oracle bone, the more reliable materials show that it was sold to him by an antique dealer in Weixian County:
The memoir of Wang Yirong's son points out that it was sold to Wang Yirong by an antique dealer:
Liu Yan's "Tieyun Hidden Turtle" points out that it was sold to Wang Guowei by Fan's antique dealer in Weixian County, Shandong Province:
Wang Xiang, the second paleographer who discovered the oracle bone, clearly pointed out that this antique dealer was Fan Shouxuan of Weixian County. Before selling oracle bones to him, it was sold to Wang Yirong:
Both Luo Zhenyu and Wang Guowei pointed out that it was sold to Wang Yirong by an antique dealer:
The material quoted above is from [Note 4] [Note 5]
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In summary, the materials provided by Liu Hu, a close friend who studied oracle bones with Wang Yirong, Luo Zhenyu, Wang Guowei, Wang Xiang and others in the academic community, are very consistent, and we use this to restore the entire [timeline]:
Wang Yirong discovered the oracle bone in 1899, and the source of the oracle bone was Fan Shouxuan ("Fan Wenqing" or "Weiqing") in Weixian Antiques. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era, Weixian was engaged in the sale of antiques, and they ran all over the country to "pick up leaks" and then sold them to dignitaries for profit.
In 1900, a year after the oracle was discovered, Lafayette's domineering side leaked into war with eleven countries, resulting in the "Gengzi National Disaster", and the foreigners approached the city, and Wang Yirong was martyred by suicide.
After Wang Yirong's death, his son sold the oracle bones he collected during his lifetime to his friend Liu Hu due to financial pressure. In 1903, Liu Yan selected the best and most complete part of Wang Yirong's collection of oracle bones and compiled the book "Iron Cloud Hidden Turtle" and published it.
Since then, Oracle has changed from a treasure that only a few rich people can study to a Yin shang unearthed document that everyone can share. At a time when the national fortunes were in difficulty, the context was continuous, the oracle bone science was rising, and there were people like the oracle bone four halls. In ancient times, Jinshi Primary School, which was respected by the "Shuowen", also began to shift paradigms to form modern philology and philology.
In the 1930s, Mr. Li Ji, an archaeologist who studied in the United States and organized by the Institute of History and Linguistics of academia Sinica, led the first batch of Chinese archaeologists to enter Anyang to excavate the Yin Ruins. This is the beginning of modern Chinese archaeology.
Therefore, this small oracle bone, pushing up the history of 3,000 years ago, and the next hundred years of scholarship, has influenced many disciplines such as linguistics, history, archaeology and so on.
Wang Yirong's illness was found in oracle bones from traditional Chinese medicine keels, and there is currently only one newspaper article full of loopholes, which is not academic literature, almost no credibility, and more than thirty years after the discovery of oracle bones.
Therefore, Wang Yirong's "Dragon Bone See Yin Deed" is extremely untrustworthy and can be judged to be false rumors.
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Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Modern History Data Compilation Office. Chronicle of Gengzi[m]. Beijing: Intellectual Property Press, 2013.
SU Yangjian. (2017). Wang Yirong and Gengzi Guonan. Journal of Ludong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)(1).
LI Xueqin. (2007). The Discovery of Tortoiseshell and Oracle. Yindu Academic Journal(3), 1-3.
WANG Yuxin. (2009). Chinese Oracle Osteology. Shanghai People's Publishing House. Page 21
MA Rusen. (1991). A review of the discovery of the Oracle bone in Yin Ruins. Yindu Academic Journal(2), 12-15.