As mentioned in the previous article, after the Taikaku inspection, Toyotomi Hideyoshi made a large-scale internal adjustment to the Shimazu family's domain, and not only was a large number of the Shimazu family's vassals redistributed, but also the territories of the two main backbones of the Shimazu family, Shimazu Yoshihisa and Shimazu Yoshihiro, were also reversed, Shimazu Yoshihisa was changed from Satsuma to Osumi, and Shimazu Yoshihiro was changed from Osumi to Satsuma.
The Satsuma Stone is 283,400 stones high, while the Osumi Stone is 175,000 stones high, so there is no doubt that Shimazu Yoshihisa suffered a loss. Shimazu Yoshihisa was extremely well-bred, and although he was dissatisfied, he was speechless and seemed to have silently accepted the arrangement of the Toyotomi regime.
Yoshihisa Shimazu
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > first, the Shimazu family's "two temples replaced"</h1>
The two brothers Yoshihisa Shimazu and Yoshihiro Shimazu exchanged territories, which were historically referred to in the history of the Shimazu family as "two temples for the place" ("so" means territory). That's easy to say, but it's hard to actually implement. Because this is not only a household chore of the two brothers, but also involves the territorial adjustment of a large number of courtiers. Everyone in the family complained about this, who knows if there will be such a thing as "Meibei Yiyi" again in the process of transfer and relocation? To this end, Toyotomi Hideyoshi specially called Shimazu Yoshihiro back to China and asked him to personally command the completion of this task.
In fact, from Shimazu Yoshihiro's point of view, it is very embarrassing to let him complete this task. Because the exchange of territory between the two brothers is obviously beneficial to Shimazu Yoshihiro and unfavorable to Shimazu Yoshihisa, needless to say, this is the Toyotomi regime in commending and rewarding Shimazu Yoshihiro, beating and punishing Shimazu Yoshihisa, in addition to more or less with the meaning of dividing and dividing the two brothers. Within the Shimazu family, this disposition of the Toyotomi regime was naturally very dissatisfied, and there were even rumors that Shimazu Yoshihiro had made rumors in front of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which led to the reduction of Shimazu Yoshihisa's domain. Now having Yoshihiro Shimazu perform the task of "replacing the two temples" is equivalent to having Yoshihiro Shimazu personally drive Shimazu Yoshihisa out of Kagoshima Castle, which makes it even more as if everything is the result of Yoshihiro Shimazu's behind-the-scenes planning.
Osaka Castle
On July 20, 1595, in the midst of gossip from the family, Shimazu Yoshihiro, who had a hard time arguing, returned to Satsuma Kagoshima with a hard head. The first thing he did was to meet Yoshihisa Shimazu. No matter how the territory is adjusted, Shimazu Yoshihisa is still the head and leader of the Shimazu family, and even Shimazu Yoshihiro cannot change. At this point, Shimazu Yoshihiro's heart is like a mirror, and because of this, he will come to see Shimazu Yoshihisa first, and only after Shimazu Yoshihisa's nod of approval can the territorial adjustment be successfully completed.
Shimazu Yoshihisa already knew the contents of toyotomi Hideyoshi's zhuyin, but he patiently listened to Shimazu Yoshihiro's detailed report. After listening, Shimazu Yoshihisa had no expression on his face, but said coldly, "I am already a monk, living by chanting sutras and chanting Buddhas, without desire or desire." All the big and small affairs in the family, you can discuss with the longevity house. ”
By Shimazu Yoshihisa, the "longevity house" refers to the newly appointed Shimazu family's longevity house, Mori Jun. Shōgun Shōgun came from the Hatoyama family, one of the famous shogunate in Muromachi and one of the "three pipes and four positions", and had been practicing monasticism in Mt. Koya from an early age, worshiping his master as a teacher, and was later hired by the Shimazu family to serve as the abbot of Kagoshima Sanatorium. During his stay in Kagoshima, Mori-inin was deeply appreciated by Shimazu Yoshihisa because of his outstanding ability, and under the persuasion of Shimazu Yoshihisa, he served as a "messenger" of the Shimazu family, successively serving as the head of Kabuochi, and Washiro was promoted to senior high school in the third year (1594). At that time, several elders of the Shimazu family, Shimazu Tadao, Kawakami Tadashi, Masayoshi Kamada, Hishijima Kunitada, Hirata Masamune, and others, had already gone to Korea, and the only old middle-aged longevity temple Sheng Jun, who stayed in his own country, naturally became the Shimazu family's great steward. Therefore, Shimazu Yoshihisa told Shimazu Yoshihiro that there was something to discuss with Mori jun of the Longevity Temple.
Although Shimazu Yoshihisa's words were displeased, he did not lose his temper, let alone explicitly oppose, and actually acquiesced to Shimazu Yoshihiro to let go, which was already rare and precious, which made Shimazu Yoshihiro secretly breathe a sigh of relief.
What Yoshihiro Shimazu did not expect, however, was that the real trouble was not Shimazu Yoshihisa, but Ijiin Tadanodo, who returned with him to Satsuma to implement the "substitution of the two temples".
Ijiin Tadato was once the "chief" (chief) of the Shimazu family and the leader of the Shimazu family's civilian clique. When he was in charge of the real power of the Shimazu family, he acted arbitrarily and arbitrarily, the party was different, and he was trusted by Shimazu Yoshihisa, pampered and proud, and had no one in sight, even Shimazu Yoshihiro, Shimazu Iehisa and other relatives and nobles did not make a mistake, and were reprimanded as "courtiers" by military generals such as Shin na Tadamoto and Eiwa Kuho. During Toyotomi Hideyoshi's conquest of Kyushu, Ijiin Tadao was the first to propose surrender, and voluntarily served as a hostage in Toyotomi Hidenaga's army, actively approaching the Toyotomi regime, so he received a heavy reward from the Toyotomi regime and received 50,000 stone territories from Osumi, and in this territorial adjustment, he was also awarded the 80,000-stone domain of the capital of Hyuga. This series of performances was deeply despised by the Shimazu family, and further strengthened the image of Ijiin Tadatoshi in the family as a "courtier". It does not seem good news that such a "courtier" has returned to take charge of the adjustment of the people's territory.
After the surrender of the Shimazu family, Ijiin Tadato remained outside the Shimazu family and de facto became an independent daimyō. It is true that Ijiin Tadao lived in Kyoto and Osaka most of the time and was no longer in charge of the affairs of the Shimazu family, but nominally, Ijiin Tadao remained the Shimazu family's old middle school, and Shimazu Yoshihisa never removed him from his position as a senior middle school. Therefore, it was only natural that Toyotomi Hideyoshi would send Ijiin Tadato and Shimazu Yoshihiro to return to China to deal with the adjustment of the Shimazu family's domain, and the Shimazu family could not beak.
The relationship between Ijiin Tadato and the Shimazu family has long been frozen, and it is precisely this opportunity to declare a personal vendetta, to give the crowd problems and trouble, and for this reason there are many contradictions with the longevity house Sheng Jun, who protects the interests of everyone. According to the Shimazu family's compilation of historical records, the Compilation of Miscellaneous Records of the Old Records, Shimazu Yoshihiro's subordinate Ise Sadasei reported to Shimazu Yoshihiro:
"The owner of the big shop, on the surface, talked politely with the Longevity Temple, but in fact, what he did behind his back was exactly the opposite of what he said to his face, and he was actually a yu person."
By ise Sadanari's "great owner", he refers to Ijiin Tadato. In Japanese, the monk is called "the owner of the shop", and Ijiin Tadato followed Shimazu Yoshihisa after the surrender of the Shimazu family, and the legal name was "Kokan", and Ise Sadanari was inconvenient to call him by his name, so he used the "lord of the big shop" as a synonym.
At this time, it was Yoshihiro Shimazu's turn to mediate between the good old man and the good man. Speaking of which, Yoshihiro Shimazu is also quite difficult. On the one hand, Ijiin Tadato was sent by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to supervise the Shimazu family and could not afford to provoke, on the other hand, The Longevity Temple Mori jun was a confidant of Shimazu Yoshihisa and could not be offended. Yoshihiro Shimazu could only say good things on both sides and struggled to maintain the situation.
Under the quarrel between Ijiin Tadato and Shoushouin Shengchun and the mediation of Shimazu Yoshihiro, the parties finally formulated a plan for the adjustment of the Shimazu family's territory, and the "Pingfu Dadu" (the document granting the territory) was signed by Ijiin Tadatoshi and The Longevity Temple Shengchun, and issued before September of the fourth year of Bunroku (1595), requiring that the land and the people with territorial adjustment tasks must complete the transfer and relocate to the new territory before March of the fifth year of Bunroku (1596). However, there are many important things to do next, the most important of which is how to allocate the extra "floating land" in the inspection site, and the second is the "replacement of the two halls" of Shimazu Yoshihisa and Shimazu Yoshihiro. Swapping territories is easy to say, but how to change the specifics, the details are complicated, and still need to be discussed.
If nothing else, the question of where the city will be set after the two exchange territories is a thorny issue. Shimazu Yoshihisa's castle is in Satsuma Kagoshima Castle, which was a city built by Shimazu Tadayoshi and Shimazu Takahisa, which is of extraordinary historical and practical significance to the Shimazu family, Shimazu Yoshihisa has lived here since he succeeded him as the governor of the house, and it is a very humiliating thing to ask him to move out of Kagoshima Castle. Only by moving him to a castle of a status roughly equivalent to Kagoshima Castle could he barely regain a little dignity. Yoshihiro Shimazu's residence was originally located in Iino Castle, in Hyuga MakotoIn, but later moved to Kuruno Castle, which is also still in Hyuga. Therefore, it is also strange that Shimazu Yoshihiro's castle is not within his territory, Osumi Kingdom. After the "substitution of the two temples", Shimazu Yoshihiro was supposed to stay in Satsuma Kagoshima Castle, but in this way, it seems that Shimazu Yoshihiro drove his eldest brother out of Kagoshima Castle and occupied the dove's nest himself, which further deepened the misunderstanding of Shimazu Yoshihiro by the Shimazu family, so it was very inappropriate. How the two brothers choose their new home after exchanging territories is a very crucial step in the "replacement of the two palaces", and if the choice is not good, I am afraid that it will cause more trouble in the future.
Kagoshima Castle
Yoshihisa Shimazu completely ignored the matter, with a look of love. All matters, big and small, were discussed by Yoshihiro Shimazu, Tadatoshi Ijiin, and Mori Jun of The Longevity Temple. The last three men made a plan: Shimazu Yoshihisa moved out of Kagoshima Castle, with Osumi Tomina Castle as the residence, Tomina Castle is a new city rebuilt on the basis of the former gun castle where the Muromachi period Osumi Kunifu was located, although the status is not as good as Kagoshima Castle, but it is also the seat of the national capital, Shimazu Yoshihisa moving here is not a bargain; Shimazu Yoshihiro's residence moved from Hyuga Kurino Castle to Osumi Thesa Castle, Which is a "key place" that can defend Kagoshima Castle and Tomina Castle at the same time. It also continued the tradition that Shimazu Yoshihiro's castle was not in his domain; Kagoshima Castle was left to Shimazu Tadahiro to be relocated after he officially succeeded him as the governor of the house.
In October of the fourth year of Bunroku (1595), Shimazu Yoshihisa officially moved out of Kagoshima Castle and moved to Osumi Tomikuma Castle. When he moved out of Kagoshima Castle, Shimazu took with him all the "heavy books and treasures" in his home (referring to important documents and treasures, including the Shiyu military flag used by the family governor on his expeditions, the portraits of ancestors and the swords and armor used by the family, the documents granted by the imperial court to official positions, famous calligraphy and paintings, rare books, rare treasures of foreign tribute, etc.).
The "Shiyu Military Flag" used by the Shimazu family governor is one of the most important family treasures of the Shimazu family
As mentioned above, when the new governor of the Shimazu clan succeeds to the throne, a "ceremony of heavy books and heavy treasures" is held, that is, the previous family governor or the family's heavy courtiers will pass on important documents and treasures to the next family governor, which is not only a procedure for the new family governor to succeed to the throne, but also a proof of the legitimacy of the succession. When Shimazu Katsuhisa fled to Bungo, he took away the "heavy books and heavy treasures" in his family, which meant to show the world that he did not want to give up the position of governor of the house, which made Shimazu Takahisa hate him, and he recovered these "heavy books and heavy treasures" at any cost. Now Shimazu Yoshihisa is painting the gourd of Shimazu Katsuhisa, and he is also declaring to the outside world that although he moved away from Kagoshima Castle, he did not give up his position as the governor of the house, and the chief scoop of the Shimazu family is still him Shimazu Yoshihisa.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="126" > the relationship between the "three temples" of the Shimazu family</h1>
In the history of the Shimazu family, there is a question that has been debated endlessly by future generations: Did Shimazu Yoshihiro ever serve as the governor of the Shimazu clan's honjo family?
It is believed that after the "replacement of the two halls" in the fourth year of Bunroku (1595), Shimazu Yoshihiro was designated by the Toyotomi regime as the governor of the Shimazu family, replacing Shimazu Yoshihisa. One of the reasons was that Shimazu Yoshihiro appointed Ishiin Hisaharu, Tadashi Kawakami (son of Tadatomo Kawakami), ShinnaRuan, Goshiro Tomoki, and Ise Sadanari as seniors after entering Thesa Castle. The position of the old middle school has always been the position of the Shimazu clan's honjo family, and the rest of the branches have not been set up, and Shimazu Yoshihiro appointed the old middle school, that is, he regarded himself as the governor of the honzu clan. It was not until after the Battle of Sekigahara that Shimazu Yoshihiro lived in seclusion, and the position of governor was succeeded by Shimazu Tadaharu. The Shimazu family genealogy of the Shimazu clan compiled by the Edo period, the Shimazu Clan Orthodox Genealogy, clearly records Shimazu Yoshihiro as the eighteenth generation of household governors. In 1988, the Shimazu Family Affairs Management Agency, the Shimazu Clan Affairs Agency, published a book equivalent to a brief version of the family tree, "Shimazu Chronicles", listing Yoshihiro Shimazu as the seventeenth generation of family governors (one generation less than the Shimazu Clan Orthodox Genealogy Chart, because the Shimazu Chronicles did not list Shimazu Tadayoshi as the governor).
Shimazu Chronicles published by the Shimazu Manifest Society
The negative theory holds that in the fourth year of Bunroku (1595), when the "two temples were replaced", Shimazu Yoshihisa did not give up the position of governor to Shimazu Yoshihiro, as evidenced by his taking away the "heavy book and heavy treasure". These heavy books were not taught to Shimazu Tadahitoshi by Shimazu Yoshihisa until February of the fourth year of Keicho's reign (1599). In other words, Shimazu Yoshihisa passed the throne directly to Shimazu Tadahiro, but never to Shimazu Yoshihiro. Even after passing the throne to Shimazu Tadahisa, Shimazu Yoshihisa retained real power in the family until Keicho's death in 1611. Therefore, Shimazu Yoshihiro never served as a household governor, and the historical records of the Edo period and later generations called Shimazu Yoshihiro the head of the house, because the successive family governors after Shimazu Tadahiro were all descendants of Shimazu Yoshihiro, and they tried to glorify and elevate the status of Shimazu Yoshihiro in order to emphasize the legitimacy and legitimacy of his succession. This was very important in the Edo period, because the Edo shogunate was prone to punishment and change the daimyo, and if one day the shogunate turned over the reason that Shimazu Tadaoheng would succeed to the throne as a nephew, which was not in line with the norm, and deny the bloodline lineage of Shimazu Tadaoheng, the Shimazu family would have a hard time arguing. But if Yoshihiro Shimazu had been the governor of the house and Shimazu Tadashi had inherited his father's business, the problem would not exist.
The reason for such differences and doubts lies in the fact that during this period, the Shimazu family was suppressed, cut, and divided by the Toyotomi regime, and was completely in an abnormal state. This anomaly is manifested in: first, after the surrender of the Shimazu family, the domain was cut into three parts of Satsuma, Osumi, and Hyuga Prefectures (if the Ijiin Tadato of Osumi's liver is counted as an independent daimyō, plus Shimazu Toyohisa of Hyuga Sajihara, that is five pieces), whether these three territories are still managed uniformly according to the model before the surrender, or they are managed independently, due to the lack of historical data, it is now unknown; second, the Toyotomi regime vigorously supported Shimazu Yoshihiro as the spokesman of the Shimazu family. Thus came the situation in which Shimazu Yoshihiro represented the Shimazu family in dealing with the Toyotomi regime and the daimyōs, but the affairs of the family were still decided by Shimazu Yoshihisa. The Shimazu family was originally a "two-temple system", and Shimazu Yoshihiro's power was self-contained in the Shimazu family, and after being supported by the Toyotomi regime, Shimazu Yoshihiro's power grew more and more prominently, and the trend of dualization of the Shimazu family's power core became more obvious; third, the Toyotomi regime was deeply involved in the process of selecting the heirs of the Shimazu family, making the relationship between Shimazu Yoshihisa and Shimazu Yoshihiro extremely complicated.
The four Shimazu brothers who were once Shimazu have become clouds
Nowadays, Japanese Sengoku historians generally tend to believe that Yoshihiro Shimazu did not serve as a governor. There are two main reasons: First, formally, Shimazu Yoshihisa did not give way to Shimazu Yoshihiro, but directly passed the throne to Shimazu Tadahiro. Although Shimazu Yoshihiro did hold a large part of the power of the family after the surrender of the Shimazu clan in the fifteenth year of Tenshō (1587), his status rose further after the "replacement of the two temples" in the fourth year of Bunroku (1595), but he never received the title of "house governor". The situation is similar to that of Shimazu Tadayoshi, who gave his son Shimazu Takahisa to the Honmune family as an adopted son, and Shimazu Katsuhisa passed the throne directly to Shimazu Takahisa, who, although the master of the scenes, never served as the head of the Honmune family. Second, in the Battle of Sekigahara in the fifth year of Keicho (1600), Shimazu Yoshihiro joined the Western Army to participate in the war, but after the war, the Shimazu family was not punished by reform, reduction of seals, etc., but Shimazu Yoshihiro retired to account for the matter, which shows that in the eyes of the people of the time, including Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shimazu Yoshihiro was not the governor of the Shimazu family, could not represent the Shimazu family, and his joining the Western Army was only an unauthorized act, so it could not be attributed to the Shimazu family. After the death of Shimazu Yoshihisa in the sixteenth year of Keicho (1611), Shimazu Yoshihiro was still in retirement, and the governor of the house at that time was Shimazu Tadahiro, and Shimazu Yoshihiro had no possibility of becoming the governor of the house.
However, the Shimazu family, which continues to this day, does not recognize this. In the "official" genealogical history of the Shimazu family, Yoshihiro Shimazu is still revered as a generation of household governors.
It is worth noting that after Shimazu Tadahide was established as an heir, especially after the "two temples were replaced", there were some subtle changes in the relationship between the "three halls" of Shimazu Yoshihisa, Shimazu Yoshihiro, and Shimazu Tadahiro.
The Later Compilation of the Miscellaneous Records of the Old Records contains a letter written by Shimazu Yoshihisa to Shimazu Tadaharu, who was in Korea, in which he said:
"He who is the lord of man, be careful in his words and deeds, and his mood and anger will not be colored. In Korea, it is not easy for Ru, and in order to protect everything, all affairs should be done in secret, and all affairs should be dealt with by the four people, and they must be able to take measures. The rest of the people, etc., are useless to say more. ”
By Yoshihisa Shimazu, the phrase "Tu, Hug, Yun, and Ki" refers to the four men who were also in Korea, named Shimazu Tadanaga (then head of the book), Isiin-in Hisaharu (then ordained, legal name "Hug Festival"), Masayoshi Kamada (then Izumo Shou), and Hishishima Kunitada (then Kii Mori). All four were elders of the Shimazu family and were close associates of Shimazu Yoshihisa.
Shimazu Yoshihisa taught Shimazu Tadaharu the art of being the "lord of man", asking Shimazu Tadahisa to be careful in his words and deeds, not to be silent when encountering things, not to ask people around, but to find Shimazu Tadanaga, Ijiin Kuji, Kamada Masayoshi, and Hijima Kunitada to "secretly consult". Of course, this is to educate and guide Shimazu Tadaharu, but Shimazu Yoshihisa wants Shimazu Tadahisa not to go to Shimazu Yoshihiro when things happen, but to find his four close associates "secret businessmen", which inevitably makes people feel that they are dividing Shimazu Yoshihiro and Shimazu Tadahiro father and son, thus pulling Shimazu Tadahiro to his side.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="125" > Yoshihiro Shimazu crossed the sea again</h1>
While the Shimazu family was busy with household chores such as territorial adjustments, Toyotomi Hideyoshi didn't really have much energy to take care of the Shimazu family. In the fourth year of Bunroku (1595), Toyotomi Hideyoshi's energy was mainly focused on two things: the first was the peace talks with the Ming Dynasty, which involved whether the Korean war could be ended, and the second was to deal with Toyotomi Hideji, who had fallen out of favor.
Toyotomi Shuji
Toyotomi Hideyoshi was childless in his later years, he adopted his nephew Toyotomi Hideji as an adopted son, vigorously cultivated, and with a little merit, he was promoted to the rank of Sekibai and Zuo Chancellor, preparing for him to inherit Toyotomi Hideyoshi as a "man of the world" in the future. However, in the second year of Bunroku (1593), Toyotomi Hideyoshi's son Toyotomi Hideyoshi was born, which made Toyotomi Hideji's position very awkward. Toyotomi Hideyoshi originally planned that Toyotomi Hideji would take the initiative to hand over the position of Sekibai and make way for Toyotomi Hideyoshi, but he did not expect that Toyotomi Hideji did not know each other, but he was indifferent, and seemed to have no intention of giving up the power that had arrived. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was greatly dissatisfied with this and finally decided to kill Toyotomi Hideji. On July 9, 1595, in the fourth year of Bunroku (1595), Toyotomi Hideji was dismissed from his posts as sekibai and left chancellor and exiled to Koyasan. On July 16, Toyotomi Shuji was ordered to self-decommission at the age of twenty-eight.
Toyotomi Hideji's affair finally had a result, but the peace negotiations with the Ming Dynasty were not so smooth. Japan has rarely had official contacts with the Ming Dynasty since the mid-to-late Muromachi period, and the two sides lack both understanding and trust, making peace talks very difficult. Coupled with the boldness of President Konishi and Shen Weijing, the two men deceived and even forged documents, making it difficult for the two sides to communicate information, and misunderstandings and differences were getting bigger and bigger.
Originally, there were seven conditions for peace talks proposed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi:
The first, the peace agreement was completed, and the princess of the Ming Dynasty was made a Japanese concubine;
Second, tomorrow the two countries will not be able to survey ships for a long time, and then the official ships and merchant ships will continue to travel as before;
Third, tomorrow the two countries will be reconciled for a long time, and the ruling ministers will exchange letters of alliance;
Article 4: The Eight Provinces of Korea, the four provinces of Jeolla, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, and Gangwon are included in the territory of Japan, and the four provinces of Gyeonggi, Hwanghae, Heong, and Hamgyong are returned to Korea;
Article 5: The Princes and Ministers of Korea shall be taken hostage in Japan;
Article 6: The second prince of Korea captured by Japan shall be returned to his country;
Seventh, the King and his ministers of Korea submitted a letter of alliance and lived up to Japan for generations to come.
These conditions were translated and transmitted layer by layer, and transmitted to the Ming Dynasty, becoming: sealing the king, cutting the land, paying tribute, giving seals, python clothes, and crowns. After some court deliberations, Emperor Myeongjin reluctantly agreed to all of Japan's "demands" except for the cession of land, and in the fourth year of Wenlu (1595), he sent Li Zongcheng as the envoy, Yang Fangheng as the deputy envoy, and Shen Weijing as the general secretary (translator), and went to Japan to crown Toyotomi Hideyoshi as the "King of Japan". In November, Lee Jong-seong arrived in Busan, and after contacting the Japanese personnel, he felt that something was wrong, and he was afraid that his life would not be guaranteed after arriving in Japan, so he fled and disappeared. Therefore, there was another tossing and turning, and on May 4, the fifth year of Wenlu (1596), the Ming Dynasty changed Yang Fangheng to the main envoy and Shen Weijing as the deputy envoy, and went to Japan together with the Korean envoy Huang Shen and the Japanese general Governor Konishi.
President Konishi
In early September of the fifth year of Wenlu (1596), Yang Fangheng, Shen Weijing, and others arrived at Osaka Castle. Originally, Toyotomi Hideyoshi was very welcoming to the Ming envoys, but after reading the Ming Emperor's edict crowning Toyotomi Hideyoshi as the King of Japan, Toyotomi Hideyoshi was furious. In fact, Toyotomi Hideyoshi was not unwilling to be the "King of Japan", and in history Ashikaga Yoshimitsu had also accepted the canonization of the "King of Japan" of the Ming Dynasty, and there is a precedent here, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi is not a bargain. His anger was that the Ming Dynasty completely ignored and did not say anything about the conditions it put forward, which was a very arrogant and rude manifestation of diplomacy. As a result, it is conceivable that Yang Fangheng and others were repatriated to China, the two sides could no longer talk, and the peace talks broke down.
Before Yang Fangheng and others arrived in Japan, Toyotomi Hideyoshi thought that the peace agreement had been concluded and ordered Kato Kiyomasa and others to return to Japan. According to the Records of the Words and Deeds of Famous Generals, after receiving the orders of the banshi, they rushed to cross the sea to return to China, when Shimazu Yoshihiro was in Thesa Castle, and when he heard of this, he immediately wrote a letter to warn Shimazu Tadahiro:
"Is peace talk easy? The current situation is unclear and should not be taken lightly. Even if I must be a teacher, my Shimazu family should be after the generals. ”
Sure enough, it wasn't long before the peace talks broke down, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered the generals to return to Korea and prepare for another war. The generals of the various armies complained bitterly, disturbed one after another, and became a chaotic mess. Only the Shimazu family's camp remained unchanged from the beginning, calm as usual. The generals admired Yoshihiro Shimazu's composure and foresight.
Veteran Yoshihiro Shimazu
When the peace talks between the two countries broke down, Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered the armies to fight Korea again in September of the fifth year of Bunroku (1596). In December of that year, Japan changed the name to Keicho, so the fifth year of Bunroku is the first year of Keicho. Toyotomi Hideyoshi's second invasion of Korea was known in Japan as the Battle of Keicho.
On February 10, 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi gave instructions on the deployment of japanese forces invading Korea. Due to ukita Hideya's poor performance in the Battle of Bunroku, the general of the whole army was replaced by Hideaki Kohayakawa (Hideaki Kohayakawa was fifteen years old at the time, and the command was actually in the hands of his adoptive father Hayakawa Takakei) and stationed in Busan Castle. The main force of the battle, the Ninth Army, which was still at the Battle of Wenlu, had about 130,000 men, but was redistributed to the left and right routes. The Left Route Army, with Ukita Hideya as its general, had commander Konishi, Yoshihiro Shimazu, Takahashi Tsubasa, Akizuki Taneshige, Tachibana Muneshige, and Matsuura Jinshin under its command. The Right Route Army, with Mori Hidemoto (Mori Keimoto's adopted son), was under the command of Kato Kiyomasa, Kuroda Nagamasa, Asano Yukinaga, and Nabeshima Nabeshima Naoshige. The water army still had Fujido Takaho as its general, and had the command of Kato Yoshiaki, Yasuji Wakasaka, Motoyoshi Murakami, and Tonyasu Raishima. At the same time, Takenaka Shigemon, Akimi Yuki, Maori Takamasa, and Naomori Kumagaya were sent as superintendents to supervise the various armies to cross the sea and fight.
The order to send troops to Korea was issued to Yoshihiro Shimazu by the Shimazu family's "take-off" (contact) Hosokawa Fujitaka and Ishida Sansei. After the Taikaku inspection, the Shimazu family's territory was greatly increased, and according to the toyotomi regime's military service system of 20 stones and one person, the Shimazu family's 570,000 stone territory had to send 28,500 troops. Hosokawa Fujitaka and Ishida Misei fully considered the actual situation of the Shimazu family and authorized a reduction in military service, requiring only the Shimazu family to send 15,000 troops. However, even so, the Shimazu family already had an army of more than 3,700 in Korea at this time, and there were still more than 11,300 soldiers to be sent, which was a considerable burden for the Shimazu family.
At this time, Yoshihiro Shimazu was anxious about how to allocate the extra "floating land" in the inspection, and now he wants to increase the number of military service, which is undoubtedly more difficult. But Shimazu Yoshihiro was thoughtful and sensitive, and he made a clever move to consider the two problems together, and soon there was a solution. Yoshihiro Shimazu wrote to Ishida Sansei proposing not to allocate "floating land" for the time being, and to distribute these "floating lands" according to military merit after the return of the generals who had fought in Korea, so as to motivate everyone to fight hard, and it could also reduce the disputes and controversies caused by unfair distribution.
Shimazu Tadaharu, who was in Korea, seemed to have a sharp mind, and he also wrote a letter to Ishida Sansei stating that the Shimazu family's territory had been adjusted when the korean generals heard that their family's territory had been adjusted, and the people's hearts were shaken, and they asked the "upper" to use the extra "floating land" from the inspection land to seal the territory of the Shimazu family's generals who had come out of korea to calm people's minds, otherwise it was not sure when there would be a change.
What is rare is that Shimazu Yoshihisa is also enthusiastic about sending troops. Perhaps he realized that the Shimazu family's excessive slack in sending troops to Korea would not only be extremely detrimental to future development, but would also likely affect the current distribution of "floating land." In order to ensure that these "floating lands" still belonged to the Shimazu family, and not to be adopted by the Toyotomi regime as "hidden places" or given to other daimyōs, Shimazu Yoshihisa had to make a positive gesture. Shimazu Yoshihisa wrote to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Hosokawa Fujitaka, and Ishida Sansei separately, suggesting that not only should the generals of the Korean army be given more territories according to their military merits, but also that the number of land leaders and lords who sent troops exceeded the quota for military service would be given corresponding territories as rewards, so as to encourage the heads and lords of various places to send more troops. For example, if the territory of a certain land is one thousand stones, according to the ratio of twenty stones to one person, fifty troops should be sent, but if the head of the land actively sends troops and sends sixty people, the Shimazu family will seal the territory of the head of the land according to the number of territories with sixty troops, that is, to twelve hundred stones. Needless to say, these sealed territories are all "floating land" detected by the inspection.
Since the opinions of the "Three Temples" of the Shimazu family are unanimous, toyotomi Hideyoshi and others seem to have no reason to oppose it. On the fifteenth day of the first month of the second year of Keichō (1597), at the behest of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Ishida Misei issued a zhu seal to Shimazu Yoshihisa, Shimazu Yoshihiro, and Shimazu Tadahiro:
"The generals of the Shimazu clan who fought in Goryeo before the first year of Gyeongju, regardless of whether they had meritorious service or not, each family was given a territorial title of 250 stones. After returning to China, those who have meritorious deeds will be rewarded, and those who have meritorious deeds will be granted territory. Those who exceed the quota for military service shall be given the corresponding military service land. ”
This zhu seal, as expected by Shimazu Yoshihisa and others, greatly boosted the morale of the Shimazu family, at least to ensure that the group of warriors who were in Korea did not make trouble, and the attitude of some local leaders and nationalities who were not very active in sending troops also changed greatly. In February of the second year of Keicho (1597), Shimazu Yoshihiro gathered an army of more than 7,000 people, plus more than 3,000 people of Shimazu Tadahashi in Geoje Island, about 10,000 soldiers, although this is still far from the demands of the Toyotomi regime, but compared with five years ago, the situation has changed greatly, enough to explain the past. On February 25, Yoshihiro Shimazu led his army on a warship provided by Kato Yoshiaki and crossed the sea from Nagoya Castle to Busan, North Korea.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="127" >4. Battle of Qichuanliang</h1>
On April 2, 1597, Yoshihiro Shimazu arrived at Busan Castle, first of all to meet with the general Hideaki Kohayakawa and the de facto commander-in-chief of the whole army, Takakei Kohayakawa. Hayakawa Takaaki was sixty-five years old at the time, a famous general in his twilight years, already a frail old man, who could only lie on his sickbed to deal with military affairs. The Shimazu family and the Mori family had a long history, and although the Mori family fell to Toyotomi's side during toyotomi Hideyoshi's conquest of Kyushu, the Mori and Shimazu families never had a direct confrontation, and the two families maintained a relatively good relationship. Takakei Hayakawa was born in the second year of astronomy (1533), Shimazu Yoshihiro was born in the fourth year of astronomy (1535), Hayakawa Takaaki was two years older than Shimazu Yoshihiro, the two can be regarded as peers, and both are representatives of the Toyotomi regime in their respective families, with close political positions and good personal relations. Therefore, Shimazu Yoshihiro saw Hayakawa Takakei, Yu Gong asked for instructions on combat matters, and Yu Privately visited Hayakawa Takakei's illness and greeted his old friends, which was an indispensable thing for him to cross the sea to Korea.
Takaaki Hayakawa in his youth
After the two men met, there was a moment of greeting, and Kohayakawa Takakei informed Shimazu Yoshihiro that the DPRK had asked the Ming Dynasty for help, the Ming Dynasty sent a million troops to help, and the Dprk Marine Division also frequently dispatched to the waters south of Busan in an attempt to cut off the Japanese army's sea supply line, and asked Shimazu Yoshihiro to move troops from Geoje Island to Tungarde Island to protect the safety of sea traffic from Tsushima to Busan and ensure the smooth logistical supply of the army.
It was not false that Hayakawa Takaaki learned that the Ming Dynasty army had come to the aid of Korea. According to the Ming Shi Shen zong ji:
"On the first day of the spring month of the twenty-fifth year (1597), the Korean envoy came to ask for help.
In February, he reconsidered the conscription. Chengzi ( 丙子 ), former governor of the capital Tongzhi Magui ( 同知麻桂 ) was the commander-in-chief of the Beiwu Army , commanding the armies of the North and the South.
In March 199, Yang Ho , the right-hand man of Shandong , was appointed as the imperial governor of Youdu and was in charge of the Military Affairs of Korea.
He wei, bingbu attendant Xing Jie (邢玠) was a Shangshu, governor of Ji, Liao, and Baoding, and was briefly appointed to the imperial court. ”
For the military commander who aided the DPRK, the post of "Commander-in-Chief of the Beiwu Army", originally Emperor Mingshenzong was fond of the veteran general Li Rusong, but at this time Li Rusong was in Fushun, Liaodong Province, resisting the Tatar invasion and could not be separated, so the imperial court took the same name as Li Rusong and was known as the "Eastern Li Xima", and together with Yang Ho and Xing Jie, formed a leadership team for the aid to the DPRK army.
However, the intelligence that Hayakawa Takaaki learned showed that there were millions of Korean troops, which was obviously inaccurate. Because the historical data do not clearly record how many troops the Ming Dynasty sent to aid Korea, the accurate figures are difficult to verify. However, according to the "Biography of Ming Shi Yang Ho", in August of the twenty-sixth year of the Wanli Calendar (1598), when the Ming Dynasty army carried out a strategic counteroffensive, the troops were divided into three roads, Ma Gui led the Eastern Route Army, attacked Ulsan, Dong Yiyuan led the Middle Route Army, attacked Sichuan, and Liu Ling led the Western Route Army to attack Shuntian.
Among them, "(Yang) Pickaxe Viceroy Xing Jie and Admiral Ma Gui discussed the strategy of entering the army, divided into 40,000 people for the Three Associations, the deputy general Gao Ce general Zhongjun, Li Rumei general left, Li Fangchun and Xie Sheng general right, and jointly attacked Ulsan." ”
According to this record, among the Three Route Army, there were 40,000 people in the Magui Eastern Route Army, and the strength of the remaining Second Route Army should be roughly the same as this, and with the addition of Chen Xuan's water army, it can be inferred that there are about 120,000 or 30,000 Ming troops aiding the DPRK, and the size of the troops is comparable to that of the Japanese army.
The Ming army came to the aid of Korea
According to Kohayakawa Takakei's arrangement, Shimazu Yoshihiro transferred the main force originally stationed on Geoje Island to Kad Island, leaving only Shimazu Toyohisa with 1,000 men to continue to garrison Geoje Island. At this time, there were also Kyushu people stationed on Kad Island, such as Takahashi Tongzeng, Chikushi Hiromon, and Akizuki Tsuneshi, who built a new city on Kad Island, prepared for both attack and defense, and wanted to duel with the Korean naval army.
In the Battle of Wenlu, the Japanese water army was repeatedly defeated by the Korean water army, and the losses were quite heavy, mainly because the Korean army had Lee Shun-chan, a famous admiral of the water army. But when Shimazu Yoshihiro moved to Gad Island, Li Shunchen's situation was not good. North Korea has always had a serious party struggle, and the important ministers of the imperial court are divided into two parties, the north and the south, attacking each other, and internal friction is constant, even in the period of facing the crisis of national subjugation, the party struggle has never stopped. Tomorrow, when the two countries held peace talks, the Northern Party gained power, and the leader of the Northern Party, Li Shanhai, became the ruler of the Korean imperial court, and vigorously squeezed out Liu Chenglong and others of the Southern Party. Li Shunchen was recommended by Liu Chenglong and also belonged to the Southern Party, and he was dismissed from the position of an envoy to the naval command, and even imprisoned on trumped-up charges such as passing through the war and slacking off the war. The post of commander of the water army was taken over by Lee Shun-jin's rival, Jeolla Province's water army envoy Jiedushi.
Li Shunchen
Li Shunchen was a national hero of Korea, and Yuan Jun framed and ostracized Li Shunchen, and was portrayed by later generations as a sinister and cunning traitor and villain. In fact, these framing and exclusion are all common means used in party struggles in previous dynasties, and cannot explain the problem of character, but Yuanjun's ability and prestige are far inferior to Li Shunchen's, and he cannot take over the heavy burden of Li Shunchen at all.
Yuan Jun's ability is not very good, but he is very active in fighting, perhaps he is eager to prove that he is not worse than Li Shunchen. In July of the second year of Keicho (1597), Yuan Jun received information that the Japanese army had a large number of grain ships from Tsushima and was about to travel to Busan via Geoje Island. Yuan Jun believed that if he could successfully intercept this batch of military food, it would definitely deal a heavy blow to the morale of the Japanese army, so he decided to attack with the whole army and take this opportunity to fight a decisive battle with the Japanese water army.
Strategically, the main task of the Korean Navy was to destroy the logistical supplies of the Japanese army, and Yuanjun's idea was not wrong. However, although the idea is good, it must also have the ability to do it. And Yuan Jun's ability was obviously not enough for him to achieve his intended plan.
On July 15, Yuan Jun led the main force of the Korean naval army from the Left Water Camp in Jeolla Province to the vicinity of Geoje Island, and indeed encountered the Japanese grain convoy. However, the Japanese army came prepared, the water army of Fujido Takahu was not vegetarian, and hundreds of warships were always guarding the grain fleet, making it difficult for the Korean water army to approach.
However, Yuan Jun has come and gone, and if he does not fight a battle, he really can't get by on the face. Yuan Jun gritted his teeth and ordered the whole army to attack despite the opposition of Pei Wedge and other generals. The waters of Geoje Island are shallow seas and reefs, which are not conducive to the deployment of large ships of the Korean naval army, but are conducive to the small warships of the Japanese army to shuttle back and forth. Soon after the battle, the northeast wind blew on the sea, and the North Korean water army was in a downward trend against the wind, unable to open a bow and shoot arrows. Taking advantage of the favorable wind, the Japanese army approached the Korean warships in small boats, used the porting tactic, jumped on the deck and engaged the North Korean army in a short white-knife battle. The battle was a strong point for the Japanese army, and the Korean army obviously could not withstand it, and many warships were in a mess at sea.
Battle of the Bulge
At this time, Shimazu Tadashi and other Kyushu people took Kato Yoshiaki's warship from Kato Island to the sea where the two armies were fighting. The Kyushu people are best at fire arrows and iron cannons, and they do not go near The Korean warships, but fire arrows from afar along the northeast wind. In a few moments, a number of North Korean warships were on fire, and the smoke in the fleet was thick and the flames were soaring.
Yuan Jun saw that the momentum was not right, and quickly ordered a retreat. At this time, the hour had passed (15:00-17:00), and the Generals of the Korean Army were hungry and thirsty, and could not fight again. Yuan Jun expected that the Japanese sailors would also escort the grain ships and would not come after them, so he ordered the fleet to go to Geoje Island to get water to quench the thirst of the troops.
Where The Yuanjun fleet docked was a narrow sea between Geoje and Kicheon Island, called "Kicheon Beam" (North Korea seems to like to refer to this narrow strait and sea lane as "Beam"). It is a natural haven, but it is small, maneuverable, and unfit for combat. It can be seen that Yuan Jun only cares about saving his life at this time, and has no intention of thinking about how to meet the Japanese army, and his hope is completely pinned on the Fact that the Japanese army will not pursue.
Battle of The Lacquer River Liang
However, contrary to what Wonjun had thought, the Japanese water army under the command of Takaho Fujido quietly followed the Korean water army, and instead of striking grass and snakes, they prepared to launch a night attack after nightfall. Yuanjun had dinner on the ship, saw that the wind and waves were calm, seemed to be safe and sound, and ordered to moor at Qi Chuan Liang for one night and return to Zuoshui Camp the next day. Yuanjun originally wanted to become famous in one fell swoop with this battle, but he did not expect to suffer a big defeat and was depressed, so he and several henchmen borrowed wine to pour sorrow, drank drunkenly, and fell asleep.
Just when Yuan Jun was drunk and asleep, the Night Raid of the Japanese Army began. In addition to the water troops of Fujido Takaho, there were also infantry troops stationed on Geoje Island, such as Shimazu Toyohisa, who participated in the night attack. The Japanese army advanced by land and water, encircling the warships of the Korean Navy inside the Chu Chuan Beam. Because of the narrow waters, the Korean warships could not move, or even turn the rudder to turn around, and could only let the Japanese fire arrows and iron cannons bombard, and the Lacquer River Beam turned into a sea of fire, and the fire reflected around, like daylight.
Shimazu Toyohisa
After the First World War, the Korean warships were almost burned to the ground, and all the ships that survived were captured by the Japanese army. North Korean sailors have died, burned, and drowned in battle. YuanJun's whereabouts are unknown in the chaos, and it is estimated that he was burned to death while asleep.
The old ben of the Korean water army lost all the money in the Battle of Qichuanliang, and the losses were extremely heavy. Later, when Li Shunchen came back and told the king of Korea about the water army, there was a tragic statement:
"The warships of the present minister, who still have twelve, have resisted the war with death, and they can still be." If all the boat masters are destroyed, it is a thief who is fortunate, and from the right side of the lake to the Han River, this subject is afraid. ”
This means that at that time, There were only twelve warships under Li Shunchen's command (there are also different understandings, believing that "twelve" is not a specific number, but the meaning of "two-tenths"), so that the Korean court even planned to "completely abolish the boat division", that is, to cancel the establishment of the water army, which shows the serious weakening of the strength of the Korean water army after the Battle of Qichuanliang.
In the Battle of Kikawa-ryo, the main commander of the Japanese army was Takatoro Fujido, and although the Shimazu Army also participated in it, it was quite successful, but the performance was not particularly prominent. According to the Records of the Conquest of Korea, the Shimazu army was led by Yoshihiro Shimazu himself in the Battle of Kikawa-ryo, riding on kato Yoshiaki's warship, but Shimazu Yoshihiro only sat on a large ship in the rear throughout the battle, and the main forces fighting on the front line were the young generals Shimazu Tadaharu, Hirata Masung, and Kukō Kagiyama. Surprisingly, in this naval battle, the Shimazu Army was led by the army led by Shimazu Toyohisa. According to the Records of the Korean Conquest, Shimazu Toyohisa captured a "number ship" (a larger command ship used to transmit operational signals) of the North Korean Navy, in addition to more than one hundred and sixty North Korean ships. It is generally believed that the capture of one "ship" by Shimazu Toyohisa is understandable, but the capture of more than one hundred and sixty ships is obviously an exaggeration. Nevertheless, it is certain that the Shimazu family had a certain record in the Battle of Kakukawa-ryo.
Tengtang gaohu, Tang crown shaped pocket recognition is very high
Shimazu Yoshihiro crossed the sea again at the Battle of Keicho and won the initial battle. How did Yoshihiro Shimazu perform in the ensuing battle of the Shimazu family? Did the Ming Dynasty's Liaodong Iron Horse have a chance to confront the Satsuma warriors of the Shimazu family? What will happen to the battle situation at the Battle of Keicho?
Stay tuned to the next article in The Hundred Years of the Shimazu Family.