Sakamoto Ryoma (Backer)
The 2018 Japanese drama "The Legend of Ryoma" was released at Kodate station, which tells the life of Sakamoto Shu Ryoma from the perspective of Yataro Iwasaki, the founder of the Mitsubishi Group, who is famous today, and Sakamoto Ryoma is played by Masaharu Fukuyama. In the play, after Ryoma reformed the government and founded the modern Japanese navy, after being suppressed by the shogunate, he awakened his consciousness and resolutely fell behind, successfully forming an alliance between satsuma and Choshu, the enemies of the common enemy. It was the Sasaga Alliance that led to the Meiji Restoration, and from this point of view, Sakamoto Ryoma actually promoted the Meiji Restoration, and later generations privately referred to him, along with Yoshida Shoin and Takayama Shinsaku, as the "Meiji Three Masters".
Yataro Iwasaki in The Legend of Ryoma
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="44" ></h1>
Sakamoto Ryoma was born in 1836, in the sixth year of Tenbo (1836), to a family of inferior samurai in the Tosa Domain. Ryoma was born in a troubled world, the Tempo period was an eventful autumn in Japan, the national famine from 1833 to 1839, six consecutive years of agricultural failures, and in 1837, the imperial samurai Oishimi Heihachirō led the Osaka citizens revolt, which meant that the shogunate's hierarchical order and ruling pillar were seriously unstable.
The juvenile Sakamoto Ryoma in the film and television drama
Ryoma was educated from an early age, and in 1853 he went from Tosa to Tokyo to learn swordsmanship, and from this point of view, his family should be very wealthy. But dramatically, the year he arrived in Tokyo, Perry's black ship also came, and he witnessed the foreigners' guns, the shogunate's castle treaty, and the end of Japan's lockdown. Judging from the family letters he wrote at that time, his mind was still to learn the arts of literature and martial arts, to trade goods and the shogun's family, to defend the shogunate, and to expel The Foreign Yi.
Sakamoto Ryoma
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="49" > second, the renegade ronin</h1>
Although Sakamoto Ryoma is a subordinate samurai of tosa Domain, this is an iron rice bowl with a weaving and a white hand, and in peacetime, Ryoma can do nothing, but at the end of the shogunate, the situation is destined to create heroes.
The situation at the end of the curtain was volatile. After the founding of Japan, the folk activities were in full swing, and the shogunate tried its best to neutralize the mud between foreigners and the Japanese faction. Later, without the authorization of the emperor, the shogunate signed the "Japan-U.S. Treaty of Friendship and Commerce" without authorization, and the anger of the Shogunate gradually increased, and finally the theory of the emperor was finally revealed.
In 1860, Ronin assassinated the "traitor" shogunate Ōi Naohiro, who had signed a contract with the United States without authorization, under the slogan of "Heavenly Curse", which is known as the "Sakurada Gate Change". Ronin's spirit of generosity for the country touched a large number of young samurai, including Sakamoto Ryoma.
Naohiro Iti was killed
Sakamoto learned swordsmanship in 1858 and returned to his hometown of Tosa. However, the flames of Tokyo were shining, and his heart was uneven, and under the influence of the "Change of Sakurada Gate", Ryoma's idea of eliminating Yidi and eliminating the national thieves became more determined. By chance, he became acquainted with the Choshu clan warriors Hisasaka Genrui and Takayama Shinsaku, and after the two of them had a fight, Ryoma made a decision against his ancestors - to break away from the clan, which meant that he was no longer an officially recognized samurai, nor did he have the ronin and the formation, and became a ronin.
In 1861, Ryoma joined the Tosa Chino Clan in Ruishan, Takeshi, and in 1862 he officially broke away from the Tosa Domain and became a ronin. His idea at that time was that becoming a ronin could repay the country, and the means was assassination. Ryoma's first act after becoming a ronin was to assassinate a new "national thief" and advocate the founding of the shogunate navy to pursue the Katsukai Boat, only to meet the Katsukai Boat as a turning point in his life's fate.
Sheng Haizhou in the film and television drama
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="57" > three, hit the nobleman</h1>
Katsumi was a great talent of the shogunate, he had traveled abroad, he was familiar with the world's major events, character, literature, martial arts, and political judgment, these qualities and abilities were all S-class.
When Ryoma attempts to assassinate Sheng Haizhou, he is instead lame by Sheng Haizhou's mouth cannon. Originally, Ryoma was a staunch theorist of the siege of the country, but Sheng Haizhou introduced him to Western science and technology, foreign civilization deeply attracted Ryoma, he finally understood that the founding of the country is to strengthen the country, so he became a firm believer in Sheng Haizhou, turned to the founding of the country, to learn Western technology from the naval training institute of Sheng Haizhou. In 1863, Ryoma also presided over the Kobe Naval Training Institute.
However, in 1864, the Choshu clan "rebelled" and attacked the shogunate-controlled imperial palace and wanted to kidnap the emperor, which is known as the "Forbidden Gate Change". However, these heroes were completely annihilated by the shogunate army, and the shogunate seized the opportunity to seize all the properties controlled by the Shōgun faction, including the Kobe Training Center.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="62" > fourth, the founder of modernization</h1>
After the Kobe Training Center was sealed, Ryoma began to go into exile, and established the "Kameyama Sachu" trading company in Nagasaki Ryoma to gather the noble kings and heroes, and develop maritime trade and transshipment trade. With this trading company, Ryoma accumulated a lot of wealth.
Ryoma's base in Nagasaki
This was followed by the First Shogunate War, which resulted in the total surrender of Choshu. The shogunate's practice of worshipping the ocean and deceiving itself made Ryoma realize that the current system of the shogunate was the root cause of Japan's progress, so his founding of the shogunate was further upgraded to the founding of the fallen curtain.
Satsuma Domain was the main force in the first conquest, but after that, satsuma domain was gradually controlled by subordinate progressive samurai, and the revolution gradually strengthened, and the attitude towards the shogunate changed dramatically. Ryoma aimed at this and used shipping as a bridge to actively broker the sachang approach. Because Choshu had already smuggled into Britain and obtained a large number of British weapons, Satsuma's advanced weapons could only be transported from Choshu by Ryoma's fleet. Ryoma took advantage of their interdependence and eventually led to the Sachang Alliance in 1866. This alliance was the core strength of the Meiji Restoration.
Samurai of satsuma domain
After the two clans were united, they began to study how to fall, but Ryoma's focus was not on this. He believes that from the perspective of the current system, the domestic feudal lords are divided, and the overthrow of the curtain by force will make the fishermen of the great powers profit; the success of the fall of the curtain will also allow the sachang to monopolize the political power and form a dictatorship of the clan. Therefore, the best change was to persuade the shogunate to "return the great government", and under the emperor's rule, the shogun led the clans to form a parliamentary state to achieve peaceful change of power. Obviously, this was the policy of "great political restoration" in the early days of the Meiji Restoration.
The great government is still in favor
At the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, sasaga did ask the meiji emperor to give the shogun an order to return the shogunate, and the shogun also gave the shogun a decree to return the shogunate, but sasaga secretly added a sentence at the end of the edict, asking the shogun to "resign from the official and take the land", which was actually the shogun's life, how could this not force the shogun to rebel? Therefore, the Meiji Restoration finally ended in a civil war by force, and after the Meiji Restoration, as Ryoma expected, it indeed formed the Sachang Domain, dragging Japan into the abyss of infinite militarism, until the defeat of World War II and the destruction of the Japanese Empire.
Statue of Sakamoto Ryoma
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="72" > Wen Shijun said</h1>
On the eve of the Meiji Restoration, Ryoma fell. His famous quote was: "We are not the losers of life." Ryoma is indeed a strong man in life, and in dai jitao's words, some spirits are more praiseworthy than those of Ito Hirobumi who was infinitely glorious before he died and was smashed after death. Indeed, there is a Japanese drama "The Legend of Ryoma" that praises Ryoma, but everyone seems to have not heard of "Bowen Biography"? Ryoma, who left home in 1853 and died in 1867, served the modernization of Japan for 14 years, and his "Eight Strategies on the Ship" actually laid the theoretical foundation for the entire Meiji Restoration, and was the main source of the Meiji government's policy guidelines, which is why Ryoma can be remembered by the Japanese.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="74" > references</h1>
Chen Xiuwu, "On the Detachment of Sakamoto Ryoma", Foreign Studies, No. 1, 2009.
Sugata: A Study of Ryoma Sakamoto's Another, 2013, 2013.
Liu Yicui, "An Investigation of Sakamoto Ryoma's New National Concept", Master's Thesis of Nanjing University, 2013.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Purple Orange)
This article is the original work of Wenshi Science Popularization Self-media Haoran Wenshi, and unauthorized reprinting is prohibited!
The pictures used in this article, unless otherwise noted, are from the network search, if there is infringement, please contact the author to delete, thank you!
We will provide you with wonderful historical articles every day, and we kindly ask all readers and friends to pay attention to our account! Your likes, retweets, comments, this is the best support for us!