One year old chongyang to yuanyuan sunset love
Hello everyone, I'm Big Wise.
In two days, we will usher in the traditional Chinese festival - the Jiuchongyang Festival in early September. Chongyang Festival coincides with the golden autumn, and the chrysanthemum day of the Zhuyi festival is also the golden season of the harvest of the year. In addition, the "nine nines" in the first nine days of September is homophonous with "long-term", which has the meaning of long life. Therefore, the Chongyang Festival, which has experienced thousands of years of cultural inheritance, has also been endowed with profound cultural connotations such as respect for the elderly and filial piety by the endless Chinese.
On this day, most people will accompany the elderly at home to celebrate the Chongyang Festival with activities such as chrysanthemum viewing, ascending, and ancestor worship.
After the founding of New China, the connotation of respecting the elderly in Chongyang Festival has been further valued and strengthened. In 1989, the Chinese government officially designated the ninth day of the ninth month of the ninth lunar month as "Old People's Day" and "Respect for the Elderly Day". In 2012, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China voted to pass the newly revised Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly. For the first time, the law clearly states that the ninth day of the ninth month of the ninth month of the lunar calendar is the Day of the Elderly.
"Respecting the elderly, respecting the elderly, loving the elderly, and helping the elderly" is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, and it is also a beautiful quality that every Chinese should have. Constantly continuing and inheriting this virtue is the unshirkable responsibility and obligation of all Chinese people, and it is also the lubricant and booster for building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern power.
However, "respect for the elderly, respect for the elderly, love for the elderly, help the elderly" is related to you and me, connecting tens of millions of families, must not only stay in words, especially with the acceleration of China's aging process, limited social security, relatively lack of old-age communities, and the traditional way of raising children and preventing the elderly with the change of people's lifestyles, it is no longer so easy to achieve, how to build an effective social pension insurance system, truly realize that all the elderly can be old to protect, the old to support, the old to have fun, is a common concern of the public.
A preliminary study of China's endowment insurance system
Today, Dazhi will introduce the "pension insurance system" to you in detail.
At present, more than 160 countries and regions in the world have established different types of pension insurance systems, which can be roughly divided into four types according to their coverage, protection level and insurance premium model:
The first is the "income-related endowment insurance" represented by the United States, Germany, France and other countries, which emphasizes the linkage with the salary and actual income of the insured, and the insured is generally a wage-earner, which is more suitable for low- and middle-income people, but the coverage is limited.
The second is the "welfare pension insurance" represented by the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan and other countries, which implements the principle of the "Generalized System of Preferences" and can basically cover all citizens, but the level of protection is very low, and it is even difficult to maintain the daily expenses of the insured.
The third is the "savings accumulation pension insurance" represented by South Korea, Singapore (California), Chile and other countries, the government forces all workers to pay pension insurance, and the collected insurance premiums are handed over to the pension fund company designated by the government for unified operation and management, the government only fulfills the responsibility of supervision and management, and the fund owner (the insured) can receive a pension from the pension fund company that chooses to pay after reaching the statutory retirement age. The shortcomings of the system are that it is too market-oriented, the degree of government involvement is limited, and there are certain risks.
The fourth is the "national pension insurance" implemented by most planned economy countries. In accordance with the principle of "national turnkey", the employer pays the fee, the state organizes and implements it, the workers participate in the management, the treatment standards are unified, and the level of protection is high. The defect of this system is not conducive to enterprises participating in market competition, is not conducive to the flow of labor, and is not conducive to the cultivation of the insured's awareness of self-protection.
As a large developing country, China's construction of the social security system started late, but the development is relatively fast, and the historical evolution of the pension insurance system is mainly divided into five stages:
The first stage, from the early fifties to the mid-sixties, was a state-type pension insurance system based on the Soviet model.
The second stage, from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s, was a mixture of "state-run insurance" and "enterprise-run insurance". The retirement pension funds of enterprise employees, in addition to the limited financial support given by the state, are basically raised by the enterprises themselves from the production income, and are paid in the enterprise's non-business projects, and the pension insurance is issued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, and the individual employees do not bear the obligation to pay the pension insurance.
In the third stage, in the 1990s, China moved from a planned economic system to a socialist market economy, and all state-owned enterprises were launched, independently accounted for, and self-financing. The traditional social security system, including endowment insurance, has also been reformed accordingly, and a socialized endowment insurance system has been initially established.
In the fourth stage, from 2000 to 2005, the individual pension insurance fund account was implemented in the pilot stage. In December 2000, the State Council promulgated the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Pilot Program for Improving the Urban Social Insurance System", and carried out the pilot project of improving the urban social security system in the three northeastern provinces, and achieved remarkable results in making individual accounts for basic old-age insurance, reforming the basic pension calculation and distribution method, improving the overall level, and strengthening the standardization and informatization of old-age insurance.
The fifth stage, from 2005 to the present, the national coverage of individual pension insurance reform stage. In December 2005, the State Council officially promulgated the "Decision of the State Council on Improving the Basic Old-age Insurance System for Enterprise Employees", which mainly aims at some problems that are incompatible with economic and social development with the aging of the population, diversification of employment methods and urbanization. After summarizing the exploration and practical experience of the basic endowment insurance for employees in urban enterprises in China for more than 20 years, after full investigation and demonstration and the pilot practice of the three northeastern provinces since 2001, the reform decision has been made.
At present, China has initially established a pension system security system that meets the requirements of the market economy system and covers urban and rural residents, and has initially built an institutional framework for a modern pension insurance system, which mainly includes the following levels:
The first level (the first pillar): the basic endowment insurance system, that is, a pension insurance system that is mandatory in accordance with the provisions of the unified national policy to ensure the basic living needs of the majority of retirees. China compulsorily implements a basic old-age insurance system that combines unified accounts and partially accumulates for the staff and workers of urban enterprises, and its level of protection is low and the coverage is relatively wide. In some areas with conditions, the Chinese government encourages the local government to carry out the exploration and pilot of rural endowment insurance.
The second level (second pillar): the enterprise supplementary pension insurance plan. That is, an auxiliary endowment insurance established by the enterprise for the employees of the enterprise according to its own economic strength and under the implementation policies and implementation conditions stipulated by the state is guided by the national macro and implemented by the internal decision-making of the enterprise. At present, only a very small number of enterprises with relatively good benefits in China have handled supplementary endowment insurance for employees, and they are still in a state of sporadic development.
The third level (the third pillar): the individual savings pension insurance plan. Individual employees shall voluntarily participate in and voluntarily choose the form of supplementary insurance of the handling agency. In the latter two levels, enterprises and individuals can either deposit pension insurance premiums into the pension insurance fund account set up by social insurance institutions in accordance with regulations, or they can choose to apply for insurance in commercial insurance companies.
As far as the current situation is concerned, the basic endowment insurance system (the first pillar) of China's pension insurance system has adopted the combination of social co-ordination and personal accounts, and the form of joint burden of the state, enterprises and individuals has adopted the form of joint burden in the raising of pension insurance funds, compared with some advanced developed countries in the world, there are still many problems, such as the coverage is not extensive enough, a large number of urban self-employed households and flexible employment personnel have not yet participated in the insurance, and there is no real system model that has partially accumulated, and it is difficult to cope with the needs of population aging. The basic pension payment method is not entirely reasonable, and there is a lack of incentive and constraint mechanism for insurance contributions; the adjustment mechanism of basic pension is not perfect, the overall level of pension is not high, the overall level is relatively low, and the ability to adjust funds is still relatively weak.
In addition, the multi-level pension insurance system is not yet mature. In recent years, although the replacement rate of the "first pillar" has gradually declined, as of the end of 2019, the national average replacement rate is only a little more than 50%, but the proportion of enterprises bearing the "first pillar" part is still high. In addition, due to various relevant policies, in the second pillar, the willingness of enterprises to implement supplementary pension insurance plans is not strong, and the current coverage of the population is less than 5% of the number of pension recipients, and the development is lagging behind. At the same time, in terms of the third pillar, residents' awareness of personal insurance is not strong, which also leads to the long-term infancy of personal savings pension insurance plans. The replacement rate of the three pillars is far from reaching the internationally recognized ideal standards of 40%, 30% and 10%. At present, the pension insurance of the vast majority of residents in China after retirement can only rely on the replacement rate of only 50%, and it is still decreasing the "first pillar". This is also an important factor restricting how to maintain the basic quality of life of the elderly in China after retirement. (The replacement rate of pension insurance refers to the proportion of retirees' pensions to pre-retirement wages.) In other words, the ideal state of the three pillars is to ensure that people can have 80% of the original pre-retirement work income after retirement. ）
Dazhi believes that as the first pillar of the basic old-age insurance system, its development goal is to provide a basic old-age security for the broad masses of the people, and should try to achieve full coverage of the system, while ensuring its fairness, sustainability and basic security functions, from the minimum degree to ensure that china's elderly can "old age insurance". As the second pillar of the enterprise supplementary pension insurance plan, we should actively guide, vigorously develop, and gradually improve the relevant supporting policies and landing measures, and gradually increase its pension replacement rate, so that it can play a role as an important guarantee that the elderly in China can "support the elderly". As the third pillar of the personal savings pension insurance plan, the most flexible, the greatest potential, can enable the majority of people to be free from the employment situation, employment units and other conditions, have the opportunity to establish a personal commercial pension plan under the support of tax policies, is to ensure that China's elderly can "have fun in the old" an important support, but also should be strongly supported, first to try, active innovation.
Therefore, in the context of increasing pressure on public pensions, actively building a multi-level pension insurance system will help further improve the level of old-age security and help capable retirees further improve their quality of life, which is the most effective way to truly realize the "old age has insurance", "old age has support" and "old age has fun".
Guo Shuqing, secretary of the party committee of the Chinese Minmin Bank and chairman of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, recently said that at present, the first pillar of China's pension insurance system has covered nearly 1 billion urban and rural residents, and although the second pillar is developing steadily, it is very small; the third pillar is in its infancy for a long time, accounting for too low, and the support for the elderly is obviously insufficient. With the acceleration of China's population aging, the third pillar of development has become a very urgent task. The financial industry and the insurance industry should and should play an important role.
For how to strive to promote the healthy development of the third pillar of pension insurance, Guo Shuqing stressed that the overall policy is to walk on "two legs", on the one hand, grasp the existing business norms, clean up the source, unify the standards of pension financial products, and clean up products that do not meet the name. On the other hand, it is to carry out business innovation pilots and vigorously develop professional pension products that truly have pension functions, including pension savings deposits, pension wealth management and funds, exclusive pension insurance, commercial pensions, etc. The China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will select financial institutions and franchised institutions with better conditions to participate first, adhere to the actual situation in China, learn from the positive and negative experience of the world, and explore a new way for the reform and development of pension finance.
Chairman Guo's speech, which is forward-looking, instructive and feasible, also points out the direction for the insurance industry in the future on the important proposition of how to vigorously develop the "third pillar" of the pension.
Years of heavy yang, the fragrance of the cocoon. Respect the elderly, love is always accompanied.
Flowers have no reopening day, and people are no longer young. It is precisely because all people will not maintain eternal youth, "respect for the elderly, respect for the elderly, love for the elderly, and help the elderly" has also become an eternal topic in human history. Old man is a word that will never fade in this topic.
As a Chinese insurance industry with temperature, feelings, and boundless love, how to effectively inherit the fine tradition of "respecting the elderly, respecting the elderly, loving the elderly, and helping the elderly" is by no means an empty promise on the lips, but requires all practitioners, including Dazhi, to be able to keep in mind the mission with a high sense of mission, conscious historical responsibility, keep in mind the mission, do not forget the original intention, keep up with the pace of supervision, continue to expand the insurance risk protection function, continue to broaden the channels of the insurance service real economy, and strive to actively build a multi-level, Guarantee a comprehensive endowment insurance system. Truly achieve "the old and the old and the old", so that the elderly in our country can realize the "old have protection", "old age has support", "old age has fun", and can enjoy a secure and dignified life; and then to the realization of the "old age has the end, the strong have useful, the young have growth, widows, widows, lonely and sick people have some support" in the realization of the world of unity.
I think this is also the original intention and mission shared by Dazhi and all Chinese insurers.
Finally, Dazhi sincerely wishes that every old man under the heavens will be able to be healthy and happy in old age.